Coronavirus Infection COVID-19 Research Articles

Neurological findings associated with neuroimaging in COVID-19 Patients

Patients with COVID-19 and other corona virus infections have been documented as having a variety of neurologic symptoms. In this article, we conducted a thorough evaluation of the imaging results of individuals who had been identified as having neurological symptoms linked to coronavirus infections. The use of CT and MRI has revealed varying radiologic outcomes in the setting of various neurologic presentations. Despite the fact that the majority of patients have normal imaging analyses, certain patients exhibit intra- and extra-axial abnormalities. There have been reports of encephalomyelitis, meningitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, and encephalopathy. In especially during the present COVID-19 pandemic, familiarity with these radiologic patterns can help radiologists and referring doctors investigate coronavirus infections in patients with worsening or progressing neurologic symptoms.

DYNAMICS OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19 AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV-ASSOCIATED TUBERCULOSIS

The aim of the research. Assessment of the influence of social factors on the course and outcome of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in patients with tuberculosis and HIV-associated tuberculosis.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 103 case histories of patients in 2 study groups: HIVassociated TB/COVID-19 (n=45) and TB/COVID-19 (n=58) is presented.Results. The mean age of patients with a combination of HIV-associated tuberculosis and COVID-19 infection (42,8 ± 7,2 years) is significantly lower than patients with tuberculosis and COVID-19 infection (51,3 ± 13 years). Bad habits, including drug addiction (62,2% and 3,4% in the groups, respectively) and alcoholism (93,3% and 67,2% in the groups, respectively) were associated with HIV infection. Hepatitis C (77,8% and 15,5% in the groups, respectively), refusal of further inpatient treatment (84,4% and 25,9% in the groups, respectively), stay in correctional labor institutions (ITU) (53,3% and 27,6% in the groups, respectively) were significantly more common in HIV-infected patients. Such social factors as disability, lack of work, place of residence, degree of education, living with or without relatives, marital status, housing characteristics did not affect the dynamics and outcome of the disease in general. The form and phase of the course of tuberculosis were associated with HIV infection. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with the absence of HIV infection (0% and 17.2% in the groups, respectively). The severity of the course of COVID-19, the outcome of the disease at the end of inpatient treatment did not depend on the presence of HIV infection.Conclusion. No direct relationship between HIV infection and social factors associated with it with the severity of tuberculosis and the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 has been established.

АНТАГОНИСТ РЕЦЕПТОРОВ СИГМА-1, СОЕДИНЕНИЕ BD-1063, ПОДАВЛЯЕТ Са2+-ОТВЕТЫ, ВЫЗЫВАЕМЫЕ МОЛИКСАНОМ В МАКРОФАГАХ

Sigma-1 receptors are ubiquitous multifunctional ligand-operated molecular chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane with a unique history, structure, and pharmacological profile. Acting as chaperones, sigma-1 receptors modulate a wide range of cellular processes in health and disease, including Ca2+ signaling processes. The pharmacological analogue of oxidized glutathione, drug molixan®, is used as an immunomodulator and cytoprotector in the complex therapy of bacterial, viral and oncological diseases; effective in the prevention and treatment of coronavirus infection COVID-19. To elucidate the involvement of sigma-1 receptors in the effect of molixan on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in macrophages and in the regulation of Ca2+ signaling processes in macrophages in general, the effect of the sigma-1 receptor selective antagonist, compound BD-1063, on Ca2+ responses induced by molixan in rat peritoneal macrophages was investigated. Using Fura-2AM microfluorimetry we have shown for the first time that compound BD-1063 significantly suppresses both Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular Ca2+ stores and subsequent store-dependent Ca2+ entry, induced by molixan in peritoneal macrophages. The data obtained indicate the involvement of sigma-1 receptors in the complex signaling cascade triggered by molixan and leading to intracellular Ca2+ concentration increase in macrophages. The results also suggest the involvement of sigma-1 receptors in the regulation of store-dependent Ca2+ entry in macrophages.

A case of granulomatos is with polyangiitis (Wegener’s) after a patient’s suffering from a new coronavirus infection COVID-19

A case of granulomatos is with polyangiitis (Wegener’s) after a patient’s suffering from a new coronavirus infection COVID-19

Anxiety and fear of COVID-19 as potential mechanisms to explain vaccine hesitancy among adults.

Vaccine hesitancy is a significant global problem resulting from the interaction of multiple factors, including mental health factors. However, the association of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy with mental health has not been well-examined, especially in Arab culture. This study aims to identify the correlation between anxiety/fear of COVID-19 and vaccine hesitancy among Saudi adults. An online-based survey was administered to 558 participants from all regions of Saudi Arabia using the snowball technique. However, this sample may not be representative of the Saudi adult population. Participants responded to the Questionnaire of Vaccine Hesitancy, the COVID-19-Anxiety Questionnaire (C-19-A), and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Data were analyzed on vaccine uptake, vaccine hesitancy, coronavirus infection, and demographic variables. The predictive factors of vaccine hesitancy were examined in one model using multiple regression analysis by the Enter method (P= 0.05). COVID-19 anxiety and fear have significant correlations with vaccine hesitancy (Phi=0.33, P=0.017; Phi=0.29, P=0.013, respectively). Anxiety and fear were higher among unhesitating participants (t =2.469, P=0.014; t=2.025, P=0.043, respectively). Participants who had previously been infected with coronavirus were more likely to be hesitant (X2=23.126, P=0.000). Participants who scored high in anxiety were more likely to be vaccinated (F=3.979, P=0.019) and have a secondary school or college education (F=4.903 P=0.002). COVID-19 anxiety, gender, and coronavirus infection significantly predicted vaccine hesitancy. Anxiety and fear of COVID-19 are among the most important factors correlated with vaccine hesitancy; unhesitant people are more likely to have anxiety and fear. COVID-19 anxiety significantly predicted vaccine hesitancy. We recommend integrating psychological care into vaccination plans to help increase the uptake rate during potential subsequent pandemics. Relevant intervention programs can be designed to help increase vaccine acceptance, deal with vaccine hesitancy, and relieve psychological symptoms during major pandemics. Psychologists can provide awareness messages, counselling seminars, online mentoring, or telemental health outreach.

СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ ПЕРЕНЕСЕННОЙ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ COVID-19 У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ

Relevance: Patients with diabetes mellitus turned out to be the most vulnerable in the conditions of the spread of the new corona virus infection COVID-19 due to the peculiarities of the immune status and immune response to a viral attack, as well as excessively high virus activity in conditions of hyperglycemia, comorbidity and obesity associated with the course of diabetes. The proportion of diabetic patients among COVID-19 patients in the Russian Federation ranges up to 25%. Special attention and in-depth analysis are required by the medical and social aspects of diabetes mellitus, the results of which can affect the course of the disease and the quality of life of this category of patients. Objective: To conduct a sociological study to assess the consequences of COVID-19 coronavirus infection in patients with diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: Questionnaires of 450 patients with diabetes mellitus were analyzed. The largest number of respondents is represented by the age group of 39-59 years (39.0%), patients aged 60-79 years made up 36.0%, over 80 years 6.0%. The questionnaire included 10 questions about the consequences of coronavirus infection in people with diabetes mellitus. Empirical data were processed and analyzed using the capabilities of the IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0.1 software and analytical complex. Results: a sociological assessment of the impact of COVID-19 coronavirus infection on patients with diabetes mellitus was carried out. The consequences of the disease in the context of this chronic pathology are analyzed in detail and the peculiarities of adaptation, medical and social challenges are revealed. The transmitted coronavirus infection COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the health of patients with diabetes mellitus of all age groups, the consequences of which are manifested in the decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism. The highest percentage of decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism was found in workers (50.0%) and pensioners (39.8%), the vast majority of whom are patients over 80 years old. The results of the survey revealed that 59.0% of patients visited their attending endocrinologist less often, while patients aged 60-79 years - in 64.0% of cases. Irregular visits to their doctor led to a significant decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism in this category of respondents and is the reason for their development of acute and late complications of the disease. Currently, 46.0% of the respondents have not achieved compensation for carbohydrate metabolism. The lack of achievement of glycemic targets is noted in 51.4% of urban residents and 36.4% of rural residents, as well as in 63.5% of working patients. This category of patients is currently at an increased risk of complications. Conclusion: The results obtained require a medical and social assessment and special attention from doctors and the endocrinological service of the region and can serve as a basis for developing a strategy for effective medical support in such clinical scenarios. Adherence of patients with diabetes mellitus to treatment and clinical recommendations for self-control, as well as regular visits to an endocrinologist, will contribute to achieving glycemic targets and preventing the development of late complications of diabetes mellitus.

Investigating SARS-CoV-2 virion material trafficking in syrian hamster neocortecal neurons

Introduction. Taking into account the experience on the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 pandemic, the relevance of studies assessing the cellular processes of SARS-CoV-2 virus assembly and transport to justify the choice of pharmacological action points has now markedly increased. The study was aimed at analyzing morphologically assessed events of SARS-CoV-2 life cycle in neocortical neurons using electron microscopy based on its traced wide prevalence in vivo and ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier accounts. Materials and methods. Patient-derived SARS-CoV-2 virus was obtained and accumulated in Vero(B) cell culture. An electron microscopy study (EMR) of the viral particle transport was carried out in male Syrian hamsters. Animals were inoculated intranasally with 26 μl of virus culture in an amount of 4 × 104 TCID50/ml. Animals were euthanized on day 3, 7, and 28 post-infection. The extracted brain was prepared for EMR according to methods previously described in the literature. The results were recorded using an FEI Tecnai G2 Spitit BioTWIN electron microscope. Results. Using EMR, the morphological equivalents of virus transport variants in neocortical neurons were traced dynamically during infectious process in Syrian hamsters. After synthesis, viral membrane proteins are included in transport vesicles in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) terminal tubules and enter the intermediate compartment (IC), a collection of smooth-walled membrane vesicles between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus (AG). In the first 3 days post-infection, viral copies are included in the Ag in PC membrane-formed transport vesicles. Due to the large size, viral particles are restricted to the expanded ends of the mobile AG tanks. Morphologically, destruction of AG membranes was revealed on day 7 post-infection, which indicates an interaction between PC vesicles and preserved AG membrane elements or the implementation of their independent transport function to deliver SARS-CoV-2 virus to the cell periphery and further into the intercellular space. In the neuronal processes, the transport of mature SARS-CoV-2 viral particles associated with cytoskeletal elements was observed, which was not detected in other loci of virus persistence. Conclusion. Based on data obtained, it is possible to hypothesize about a cumulative importance for progression and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cortical neurons. Early signs of neuron infection are represented by characteristic changes in the nuclei, ER hypertrophy and formation of “viral factories” based on the ER, PC and AG. The formation of viral biomass occurs inside neurons; virion exit from target cells is more accompanied by cell death rather than if a virus becomes incorporated in the lysosomal-endosomal system.

Criminal cases against anesthesiologists and intensivists in Russia for 2019–2022: a retrospective observational study

INTRODUCTION: The number of criminal cases brought against doctors — anesthesiologists and resuscitators in the Russian Federation is not decreasing. However, a detailed analysis has not been carried out in recent years, and this was primarily due to the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and the restrictions that were associated with it. OBJECTIVE: To analyze criminal cases against anesthesiologists and resuscitators initiated under various articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation over the past four years, from 2019 to 2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The search for criminal cases was carried out in the following electronic databases: “Court decisions of the Russian Federation” and the State Automated System of the Russian Federation “Justice”. Based on the search results, 66 criminal cases against anesthesiologists and resuscitators were considered. RESULTS: The main articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation were identified, under which anesthesiologists and resuscitators are most often held accountable. The gender and territorial distribution of criminal cases by region of the Russian Federation is presented. The most significant and frequently committed defects in the provision of medical care have been identified. Examples of the most complex criminal cases are given. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that the number of criminal cases against anesthesiologists and resuscitators has decreased slightly after 2019, however, we believe that this is due to the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection, and for this reason many court cases are still under investigation and have not been completed on time.

Whipple's Disease in a 61-Year-Old Patient. Clinical Follow-Up

Aim: to present a clinical observation of a patient with Whipple's disease, demonstrating the difficulties in diagnosing the disease.Key points. A clinical observation of Whipple's disease in a 61-year-old man is described. The onset of the disease was manifested as polyarthritis three years before diagnosis. The further course of the disease occurred during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, which made the diagnostic search difficult. Clinical manifestations of fever, arthralgias, diarrhea, lymphadenopathy, anaemia and weight loss raised suspicion of Whipple's disease. Key to the diagnosis were endoscopic studies with multiple small bowel biopsies, which allowed histological identification of PAS-positive macrophages in the small bowel mucosa. Therapy with ceftriaxone for 14 days, therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (160 mg/800 mg twice a day) for 14 months resulted in positive clinical dynamics, improvement of laboratory parameters, disappearance of PAS-positive macrophages in the small intestinal mucosa, indicating remission of the disease.

The role of spectral analysis of cough sounds in the diagnosis of COVID-19

To evaluate the possibility of using spectral analysis of cough sounds in the diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Spectral toussophonobarography was performed in 218 patients with COVID-19 [48.56% men, 51.44% women, average age 40.2 (32.4; 51.0)], in 60 healthy individuals [50% men, 50% women, average age 41.7 (32.2; 53.0)] with induced cough (by inhalation of citric acid solution at a concentration of 20 g/l through a nebulizer). The recording was made using a contact microphone located on a special tripod at a distance of 15-20 cm from the face of the subject. The resulting recordings were processed in a computer program, after which spectral analysis of cough sounds was performed using Fourier transform algorithms. The following parameters of cough sounds were evaluated: the duration of the cough act (ms), the ratio of the energy of low frequencies (60-600 Hz) to the energy of high frequencies (600-6000 Hz), the frequency of the maximum energy of the cough sound (Hz). After statistical processing, it was found out that the parameters of the cough sound of COVID-19 patients differ from the cough of healthy individuals. The obtained data were substituted into the developed regression equation. Rounded to integers, the resulting number had the following interpretation: "0" - there is no COVID-19, "1" - there is COVID-19. The technique showed high levels of sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the method is characterized by sufficient ease of use and does not require expensive equipment, therefore it can be used in practice for timely diagnosis of COVID-19.

Prolonged course of novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 with the formation of pulmonary fibrosis in an HIV-infected patient

A description of a clinical case of a severe, protracted course of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a patient with advanced stage HIV infection, characterized by prolonged release of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the formation of pulmonary fibrosis against the background of an active viral infection, is presented. COVID-19 infection occurred in an immunosuppressed patient without ART. During the period of inpatient treatment, a comprehensive examination was carried out to exclude HIV-associated lung lesions; no evidence of viral, fungal, or bacterial pathology was obtained; mycobacterial infections were also excluded. Despite two courses of antiviral therapy, the use of anti-Covid plasma and complex pathogenetic therapy, persistence of SARS-CoV-2 replication was observed for eight months, with a steady progression of the disease, ending in death.

CLINICAL CASES OF LEGIONELLIosis IN THE KRASNODAR REGION DURING THE NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19 PANDEMIC, DIFFICULTIES IN DIAGNOSIS

The high incidence of community-acquired pneumonia against the backdrop of continued registration of COVID-19 requires early differential diagnosis, due to different patient management tactics. Among community-acquired pneumonias, legionella diseases deserve special attention. The difficulty of clinical diagnosis of legionellosis during the COVID-19 pandemic leads to untimely prescription of specific antibacterial therapy, which worsens the prognosis of the outcome of the disease. The work provides clinical examples that draw the attention of specialists to the features of clinical, laboratory and radiological manifestations of legionellosis, as well as the important role of epidemiological data for the differential diagnosis of legionellosis from the new coronavirus infection COVID-19.

MICRONUTRIENT STATUS (VITAMINS A AND D) AND ITS EFFECT ON THE SEVERITY OF THE COURSE OF COVID-19 IN CHILDREN

A strong immune response is important during recovery from COVID-19, and its status is infl uenced by several micronutrients. Vitamin D is important in regulating the immune response and protecting against respiratory infections. Vitamin A also has immunomodulatory eff ects, inhibiting viral replication and enhancing immune responses, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. The aim of research was to study the levels of vitamins A, D, and retinol- binding protein 4 in children with COVID-19, and their associations with the severity of the disease.Material and Methods. 112 children aged 1 month to 18 years with COVID-19 confi rmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)in nasal swabs or by a positive serologic test (IgM and IgG or IgM). In all children, vitamin D levels were determined by thecolorimetric enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the Monobind test system. Vitamin A and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels were determined by the colorimetric enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the Elabscience test system. Statistical analysis was performed using Stat Plus (its 95 % confi dence interval (95 % CI) was calculated for the mean values, and the Kruskal- Wallis test (H-test) was used as the reliability criterion for checking the equality of the medians of several samples). The level of statistical signifi cance was set at P<0.05). The study was conducted in accordance with the rules of patient safety and ethical principles of scientifi c medical research involving human subjects (2000). The permission to conduct this study was granted by the Bioethics Commission (Protocol No. 73, dated April 3, 2023). The parents (legal representatives) of the patients gave their written consent to the conduct of this study. This study is a fragment of research work «Optimizing the diagnosis of clinical and pathogenetic characteristics of the COVID-19 coronavirus infection in children with comorbid pathology and treatment features» (state registration No. 0123U100064, 2023-2025).Results. The mean age of the children was (7.04±5.75) years (95 % CI 5.96-8.12). According to the severity of the disease,57 children (50.89 %) had a mild course, 43 children (38.39 %) had a moderate course, and 12 children (10.72 %) had a severe course. The concentration of vitamin D in children with mild course of COVID-19 was 30.91 ng/ml, in children with moderate course – 29.10 ng/ml, in children with severe course – 22.42 ng/ml (Р<0.05). The level of vitamin A also varied in children with diff erent severity of the disease: in mild COVID-19 it was 456.10 ng/ml, in moderate – 347.30 ng/ml, and in severe – 242.90 ng/ ml (Р <0.001). At the same time, the level of retinol binding protein 4 was 30.66 ng/ml in mild disease, 33.07 ng/ml in moderate disease and 23.28 ng/ml in severe disease.Conclusions. Children with moderate and severe COVID-19 have signifi cantly lower levels of vitamins A, D, and RBP4compared to uninfected individuals. Vitamin A and RBP4 levels were age-dependent, and vitamin D levels did not show agerelated patterns. Lower levels of vitamins A and D are associated with higher levels of pro-infl ammatory markers – CRP,leukocytes and ESR.

Morphofunctional characteristics of the vessels of the small circle of blood circulation in those who died from severe and extremely severe forms of new coronavirus infection

BACKGROUND: An important feature of COVID-19 is the development of pronounced hypercoagulation with an increased risk of thrombotic damage to the pulmonary vascular bed, mainly the pulmonary arteries. Thrombosis of the pulmonary blood vessels causes a local violation of hemodynamics with the development of hyperemia, edema, which leads to a decrease in ventilation of the lung tissue area and serves as one of the causes of respiratory failure.
 AIM: This study aimed to conduct a morphological and morphometric analysis of the vascular bed of lung tissues in deceased with severe and extremely severe forms of new coronavirus infection who were on inpatient treatment in the period 2020-2022.
 METHODS: A pathomorphologic study of 129 autopsy cases with a confirmed diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 was performed. Morphometric analysis and statistical data processing of the pulmonary vascular system in histologic preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain, orcein stain and Martius Scarlet Blue (MSB) stain was performed. The control group consisted of 14 patients who died of cardiovascular disease with bilateral focal confluent pneumonia.
 RESULTS: It was found that the proportion of thrombosed vessels in the lung tissues of the deceased was 27.6%. In 87.2% of cases, thrombosis develops in small arteries (lumen diameter 30-500 microns) and small veins (lumen diameter 40-500 microns). The vascular-functional indices of Kernogan and Vogenworth were statistically significantly increased in small arteries and small veins of the 4th order (p=0.001), small arteries (p=0.001) and small veins of the 5th order (p=0.014) compared with the control group.
 CONCLUSION: Diffuse involvement of small caliber blood vessels in the pathological process reflects the severity of specific hemocoagulopathic disorders in the lung tissue. Such disorders lead to the development of ventilation-perfusion disorders and entail an increase in right ventricular failure.

Ophthalmological complications of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Clinical cases

The outcomes and complications of the coronavirus infection are of interest to specialists in many fields of medicine, including ophthalmologists.Purpose: to analyze the clinical features of ophthalmic complications in patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19.Materials and methods. Four patients aged 37 to 70 years with ophthalmic inflammatory complications with coronavirus infection were examined and treated.Results. In 2 cases, eye damage was observed in the acute phase of COVID infection. It included deep keratitis, iridocyclitis, and exacerbation of rhinosinusitis complicated by osteomyelitis, orbital phlegmon with loss of vision. In the remaining 2 cases, in the post-COVID period (2 and 5 months after the disease, respectively), acute dacryoadenitis with the dry eye syndrome and subacute episcleritis was observed. In addition to anti-COVID therapy, all patients underwent specific ophthalmic therapy, which in 1 case included surgical intervention.Conclusion. The cases presented demonstrate eye damage against the background of coronavirus infection with the involvement of various eye structures into the inflammatory process. The ophthalmological manifestations were severe, with complications in the acute phase of COVID and in the early post-COVID period. Clinical observations indicate the need for additional specific therapy of coronavirus infection complications, along with the basic anti-COVID treatment.

COVID-19 liver damage. Features of laboratory and instrumental diagnostics

The aim of the study - to analyze the pathogenesis of liver damage in COVID-19, as well as to study the features of diagnosis. Research materials: literature and own data on the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of liver damage were analyzed, as well as an assessment of laboratory and instrumental diagnostics in patients with COVID-19. The results of the research. In patients, liver damage was manifested by an increase in liver enzymes, as well as a diffuse decrease in its density during CT. The severity of the disease is caused by a cytokine storm caused by a dysfunctional immune response to the virus, viral virulence factors, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases, especially those associated with liver pathology, such as cirrhosis or steatosis. Conclusions. The new COVID-19 coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread worldwide. The main target is the organs of the respiratory system. However, among the patients with COVID-19, there were lesions of the central nervous system, intestines, myocardium and liver. Liver dysfunction in most cases should be considered as a result of secondary damage due to CVD, ARDS, hypoxia, multiple organ failure, exposure to immune factors, and taking hepatotoxic drugs.

The effect of the new coronavirus infection on the human pancreas

The aim of the study - is to study the effect of a new coronavirus infection on the human pancreas. Research materials. An analysis for blood α-amylase, as well as ultrasound of the abdominal cavity, namely the pancreas, was carried out. This study involved 20 patients, 10 had a concomitant disease in the form of diabetes mellitus and 10 without it. The results of the research. During the research, all patients had relatively the same dynamics of pancreatic lesions, without any pronounced manifestations of pancreatitis. The shift of analyses in favor of this pathology indicates more to the glucocorticosteroid therapy that patients received in the treatment of covid-19 coronavirus infection. Only one of the 20 patients studied had a classic manifestation of pancreatitis. Conclusions. Acute pancreatitis is a rare complication of COVID-19, and it is not often associated with this infection. Nevertheless, acute pancreatitis with SARS-CoV-2 infection is considered to have a higher risk of severe course and poor clinical outcomes, including the risk of organ dysfunction and higher inpatient mortality compared to patients with acute pancreatitis negative for SARS-CoV-2.

DENTAL STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19.

The aim of the investigation was to clarify the features of the clinical symptoms of patients with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19.
 Material and methods: A total of 156 patients undergoing treatment in COVID-hospitals were examined. The examination included the determination of the prevalence of: COVID 19 clinical symptoms, COVID 19 clinical manifestations in the oral cavity, concomitant diseases.
 Results. In the structure of general symptoms, complaints of hyperthermia, general weakness and cough (more often dry) played a leading role, which were noted by the overwhelming majority of the examined. Two-thirds of the patients reported body pain. The leading symptoms were also anosmia (in 68.6% of cases) and sweating (64.1%).More than half of the patients complained of shortness of breath (60.2%), difficulty in nasal breathing (55.1%), a feeling of tickling (58.3%) and pain (60.2%) in the throat. Among dental pathology, loss of taste (57.5%) and hyposalivation (38.5%) were the most common in patients. Bleeding gums were detected in 22.4% of the examined patients, which is most likely due to violations of the rheological properties of blood and changes in the hemodynamic provision of the periodontal during Covid19. Clinical manifestations of periodontal pathology do not occur immediately, but in the form of long-term complications. In this regard, it seems necessary to dynamically monitor the condition of patients who have undergone COVID-19 in different time periods.
 Conclusions. Hemostasis disorders characteristic of the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection certainly have an impact on the state of dental status, further destroying periodontal tissues. However, clinical manifestations of pathological effects may not occur immediately, but in the form of long-term complications. In this regard, it is necessary to dynamically monitor the condition of patients who have undergone COVID-19 in different time periods.

Clinical features of coronavirus infection with impaired sense of smell

Previously, olfactory disturbances were not considered as a possible single symptom of an acute period of coronavirus infection.
 Aim: to identify the clinical features of low-symptomatic forms of COVID-19 coronavirus infection occurring with olfactory dysfunction.
 Materials and methods: the study was conducted on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor by questioning people who have suffered a coronavirus infection. A total of 39,676 people were interviewed, of whom 24,086 (60.70%) had suffered some form of new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Methods of descriptive statistics were used for statistical analysis of the research results.
 Results: olfactory dysfunction may be the only symptom of the acute period of COVID-19 coronavirus infection in 4%. The occurrence of this symptom depends on the dominant circulating genovariant (maximum at Alpha is 7.8%), the basic reproductive number (inverse relationship, Pearson correlation coefficient -0.9) and the age of the patient (more often in persons under 44 years of age). The occurrence of the symptom does not depend on the patient's gender. Patients with olfactory dysfunction with COVID-19 coronavirus infection are significantly less likely (4.2% vs. 12.6%, P = 0.04) to require hospitalization and oxygen therapy (2.5% vs. 32.2%, P 0.001).
 Conclusion: olfactory dysfunction may be the only symptom of the acute period of COVID-19 coronavirus infection, which allows us to suggest its isolation into a separate form. The occurrence of this form depends on the dominant circulating genovariant, the basic reproductive number of the virus and the age of the patient. Patients with this form of coronavirus infection are less likely to require hospitalization and oxygen therapy.

The color metaphor of the coronavirus

INTRODUCTION. The perception of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 through a color or coloristic metaphor by representatives of student youth is of particular linguistic interest. The aim of the study is to identify coronavirus color metaphors in student discourse, which are one of the most productive ways of associative transfer, based on deep, archetypal human relations with the world.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The method of associative experiment is used to determine the color metaphors of the coronavirus. The results of the experiment are interpreted on the basis of a phenomenological approach using the method of questioning and quantitative analysis.RESULT AND DISCUSSION. Metaphorical models with the source sphere “color” are revealed; the psychology of color in individual consciousness and its influence on the psychoemotional state of an individual in the post-pandemic period are comprehended; a classification of metaphors is proposed; the causes of the obtained color associations are analyzed.CONCLUSION. It is revealed that spectral colors cause the most associations with coronavirus, the most popular among which are red, green and black. Most color associations are associated with cold colors that evoke, inspire and express sadness, sadness, despondency, and their various variations. The analysis of creative color names is carried out. The data obtained have theoretical and applied value, as they record attitudes and emotions regarding the general disaster after its expiration, thereby creating new meanings in the color designation and in the characterization of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, contributing to the creation of a prosperous educational environment.