Atherosclerosis Coronary Heart Disease Research Articles

Construction of Immune-Related circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Network and Identification of circRNAs as Biomarkers in Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in the immune and inflammatory responses of many diseases by acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). However, the role of circRNAs as ceRNAs in the immune and inflammatory processes of coronary atherosclerosis heart disease (CHD) remains unclear. This study aimed to identify and validate the potential immune-related circRNAs as biomarkers for CHD. Firstly, we constructed a ceRNA regulatory network including 14 circRNAs, 24 miRNAs, and 15 genes through bioinformatics analysis. Four hub genes were identified and five candidate immune-related circRNAs were screened. Subsequently, the expression levels of these candidate circRNAs were detected by qRT-PCR. Notably, hsa_circRNA_101069 and hsa_circRNA_406053 showed significant up-regulation in CHD patients (p < 0.001). The value of these circRNAs as biomarkers for CHD was evaluated by the area under the ROC curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) indexes. Adding circRNAs to a traditional CHD model significantly enhanced classification performance, with an IDI of 0.058 and an NRI of 0.280 for hsa_circRNA_101069 and an IDI of 0.051 and an NRI of 0.480 for hsa_circRNA_406053. Furthermore, hsa_circRNA_101069 was up-regulated in ox-LDL-induced THP-1 macrophages, and silencing hsa_circRNA_101069 significantly inhibited the apoptosis rates and the inflammatory cytokines levels. This study constructed an immune-related circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network and identified two circRNAs as biomarkers for CHD, with hsa_circRNA_101069 potentially contributing to the pathological basis of CHD.

Association Between AIM2 and Pycard Genes Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Periodontitis with Coronary Heart Disease.

Numerous genetic variations in inflammasome components are linked to prevalent disorders in the general population, including periodontitis and cardiovascular illness. Polymorphisms in the genes play a critical in the initiation and development of inflammatory diseases. The limited study on AIM2 gene variation associated with inflammatory disease and no study of PYCARD gene variation associated with inflammatory disease. This case-control study was to examine the association between the single nucleotide polymorphism of AIM2 and Pycard genes with susceptibility to periodontitis with and without coronary heart disease, to determine interleuken-18 and gasdermin D levels in the saliva of periodontitis with and without coronary heart disease patients, as well as their correlation with salivary interleuken-18 and gasdermin D levels and clinical periodontal parameters. The present study recruited 120 participants: 30 were healthy subjects (control, C), 30 had generalized periodontitis (P), 30 had atherosclerosis coronary heart disease with clinically healthy periodontium (AS-C), and 30 had atherosclerosis coronary heart disease with generalized periodontitis (AS-P). All individuals' demographic data recorded, saliva and blood samples collected, then periodontal characteristics were detailed. These parameters include plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss. AIM2 and Pycard gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction assay, electrophoresis and sequencing. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to determine the level of interleuken-18 and gasdermin D in their saliva. The study result of high frequency (T) in single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The high genotypes distribution of GT and TT genotypes in the AIM2 gene and the CT and TT genotypes in the Pycard gene were detected in the periodontitis, atherosclerosis coronary heart disease with healthy periodontium and atherosclerosis coronary heart disease with generalized periodontitis groups as compared to control group. Elevation of salivary interleuken-18 and gasdermin D levels in three patients' groups compared to healthy controls. Both these single-nucleotide polymorphisms also significantly correlated with higher salivary interleuken-18 and gasdermin D levels and worse clinical indices of periodontitis. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the AIM2 and Pycard genes are associated with an increased risk of developing periodontitis with and/or without coronary heart disease. Elevation of salivary interleuken-18 and gasdermin D levels associated and impacted on periodontitis with and/or without coronary heart disease. These single-nucleotide polymorphisms may provide evidence for a genetic role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis with and without atherosclerosis coronary heart disease.

Analysis of Characteristics of Coronary Artery Stenosis Based on the Comorbidities in Coronary Heart Disease Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography

Background: Comorbid diseases are a risk factor for atherosclerosis in coronary heart disease (CHD). Atherosclerosis causes the narrowing of the coronary arteries so that the heart muscles lack blood supply. Diagnostic coronary angiography is an invasive medical examination performed to determine the presence of coronary artery stenosis and to show the location and the number of coronary artery stenosis. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of coronary artery stenosis based on comorbidities of patients with CHD undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: This analytical study was conducted using a cross-sectional design of 105 patients with CHD undergoing coronary angiographyat the catheterization laboratory at Bahteramas Hospital, Southeast Sulawesi, from January 1 to December 31, 2021.Statistical testing used Chi-squaretests with 95% confidence interval and significance set as p&lt;0.05. Results: Most of the respondents were over 45 years old as many as 87 (82.9%), and most are male as many as 72 (68.6%). The category of the highest number of stenosis was less than two stenosis, namely 70 patients (66.7%) with the most common location as the Left Anterior Descending. The comorbidities category included a history of dyslipidemia in 41 people (39.0%), history of diabetes mellitus (DM) in 28 people (26.7%), and history of hypertension in 75 people (71.4%).The bivariate analysis showed a history of DM was associated with coronary artery stenosis (p-value = 0.007) with an Odds Ratio of 3.111. Conclusions: Patients with DM have 3.111 times greater possibility of developing stenosis of the coronary arteries.WC:246

Retracted: Correlation Analysis of CML, sRAGE, and esRAGE and the Measure of Atherosclerosis of Coronary Heart Disease.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/8970860.].

Correlation Analysis of CML, sRAGE, and esRAGE and the Measure of Atherosclerosis of Coronary Heart Disease.

Objective To investigate the correlation between CML, sRAGE, and esRAGE and the measure of atherosclerosis of coronary heart disease. Methods From June 2019 to December 2021, there were 100 patients in all suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD) selected as the observation group. On the basis of Gensini score, they were divided into mild group (Gensini score < 12 points), moderate group (12 points ≤ Gensini score ≤60 points), and severe group (Gensini score > 60). Apart from that, 50 normal people staying in our hospital for physical examination were chosen as the control group in the meantime. N in each group was detected and compared ε-Carboxymethyl lysine (CML), soluble advanced glycation end product receptor (sRAGE), and endogenous secretory advanced glycation end product receptor (esRAGE). Pearson correlation coefficient was adapted to assay the relevance between CML, sRAGE, and esRAGE, as well as the degree of atherosclerosis in CHD. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to during the evaluation of the diagnosis of CML, sRAGE, and esRAGE, as well as their combined detection of severe atherosclerosis in CHD. Results In contrast with the control group, the level of serum CML together with sRAGE in the observation group was considerably elevated, while the level of esRAGE appeared in a downward trend (P < 0.05). The level of serum CML and sRAGE was directly proportional to the measure of atherosclerosis in CHD, while the level of esRAGE was inversely proportional to the measure of atherosclerosis in CHD (P < 0.05). That is to say that serum CML and sRAGE were positive in matter of the measure of atherosclerosis in CHD, while esRAGE negatively appertains to the measure of atherosclerosis in CHD (P < 0.05). Serum CML, sRAGE, and esRAGE could effectively diagnose severe atherosclerosis in CHD, and the combined detection sensitivity (89.79%), specificity (77.16%), accuracy (86.12%), positive predictive value (86.63%), negative predictive value (88.59%), and area under ROC curve (AUC) (0.924) were higher (P < 0.05). Conclusion CML and sRAGE, as well as esRAGE, are bound up with the degree of atherosclerosis in CHD, which is conducive to clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Construction of genetic classification model for coronary atherosclerosis heart disease using three machine learning methods

BackgroundAlthough the diagnostic method for coronary atherosclerosis heart disease (CAD) is constantly innovated, CAD in the early stage is still missed diagnosis for the absence of any symptoms. The gene expression levels varied during disease development; therefore, a classifier based on gene expression might contribute to CAD diagnosis. This study aimed to construct genetic classification models for CAD using gene expression data, which may provide new insight into the understanding of its pathogenesis.MethodsAll statistical analysis was completed by R 3.4.4 software. Three raw gene expression datasets (GSE12288, GSE7638 and GSE66360) related to CAD were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and included for analysis. Limma package was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CAD samples and healthy controls. The WGCNA package was conducted to recognize CAD-related gene modules and hub genes, followed by recursive feature elimination analysis to select the optimal features genes (OFGs). The genetic classification models were established using support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and logistic regression (LR), respectively. Further validation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were conducted to evaluate the classification performance.ResultsIn total, 374 DEGs, eight gene modules, 33 hub genes and 12 OFGs (HTR4, KISS1, CA12, CAMK2B, KLK2, DDC, CNGB1, DERL1, BCL6, LILRA2, HCK, MTF2) were identified. ROC curve analysis showed that the accuracy of SVM, RF and LR were 75.58%, 63.57% and 63.95% in validation; with area under the curve of 0.813 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.761–0.866, P < 0.0001), 0.727 (95% CI 0.665–0.788, P < 0.0001) and 0.783 (95% CI 0.725–0.841, P < 0.0001), respectively.ConclusionsIn conclusion, this study found 12 gene signatures involved in the pathogenic mechanism of CAD. Among the CAD classifiers constructed by three machine learning methods, the SVM model has the best performance.

Is there association between epicardial obesity and the severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis?

Abstract Background To assess the diagnostic capabilities of the ultrasound method for estimation of the epicardial fat (EF) and evaluate the association of the thickness of EF and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. Methods 461 people (age Me 58 years, Q1=52; Q3=64) were examined: 182 patients with CHD (age Me 61 years, Q1=56; Q3=66; 72% men), 279 control patients without CHD, undergoing heart valve surgery (age Me 55 years, Q1=51; Q3=59; 51% men). The severity of coronary artery lesions was assessed according to the current 2013 ESC Guidelines (&amp;gt;50% for the left main coronary artery and &amp;gt;70% for other coronary arteries). Coronary angiography, heart computer tomography (CT), echocardiography (ECHO) were estimated. Statistical data analysis (SPSS, version 17.0, USA). Results In CHD patients the volume of EF (heart CT) was significantly higher than in patients without CHD (167.0 cm3 (128,9; 167,1) and 89.1 cm3 (62,7; 102,7), z=−7.060, p&amp;lt;0.001). The thickness of EF in the area of atrioventricular sulcus (according to the ECHO) most closely corresponds to the volume of EF (according to heart CT), ρ=0.731, p&amp;lt;0.001. According to multiple linear regression analysis, it was found that in patients with CHD, an increase in age by 1 year is associated with an increase in the volume of EF by 1.4 cm3 (95% CI from 1.0 to 1.9). The volume of EF in CHD patients is meen 56.7±3.1 cm3 (95% CI from 46.6 to 66.8) more than in patients without CHD. The correlation between the number of coronary arteries affected by atherosclerosis and the values of the parameters characterizing the EF was not revealed. Conclusion The volume of epicardial fat measured by cardiac CT in patients with CHD is greater than epicardial fat volume measured in subjects without ischemic heart disease. The volume of epicardial adipose tissue measured by heart CT in patients with CHD increases with age. The number of coronary arteries affected by atherosclerosis in CHD patients does not depend on the thickness and volume of epicardial adipose tissue. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): The study has been supported by the grant from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation

Evaluation of copper and haematological markers in atherosclerosis coronary heart disease

Evaluation of copper and haematological markers in atherosclerosis coronary heart disease

Integrative Chinese and western medicine on atherosclerosis of coronary heart disease: what are the new control strategies?

How to control and prevent atherosclerosis (AS) remains a global issue that needs to be deeply discussed. The innovation concept of AS and coronary heart disease (CHD) in western medicine provides a good opportunity to develop the traditional Chinese medicine etiology and new control strategies accordingly. This article reviewed and refined the updated control strategies of AS of CHD integrated Chinese and western medicine based on the innovation concept and therapeutic guideline of AS and CHD during the last 10 years.

CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY LEAD TO LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION AND OCCLUSION: 1 CASE DEAD

Objectives1. Clinical Data: Patients, female, 70 years old, farmers, because of repeated chest tightness companion with obstruction in pars laryngea pharyngis half a months, was admitted to hospital on November...

Cytomegalovirus infection and coronary heart disease risk: a meta-analysis

The chronic inflammatory process including cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been hypothesized to induce the progression of atherosclerosis in coronary heart disease (CHD). Numbers studies were conducted to analyze the association between CMV infection and risk of CHD, but no clear consensus had been reached. To assess this relationship more precisely, a meta-analysis was performed. The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and CNKI were searched; data were extracted and analyzed independently by two investigators. Ultimately, 55 studies, involving 9,000 cases and 8,608 controls from six prospective studies (all with a nested case-control design) and 49 retrospective case-control studies were included. Overall, people exposed to CMV infection had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.67 (95% CI, 1.56-1.79) for CHD risk, relative to those not exposed. CMV infection was clearly identified as a risk factor for CHD in both prospective studies (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.132-1.517) and retrospective studies (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.659-1.939), and in both Asian group (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 2.304-3.144) and non-Asian group (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.371-1.600). Interestingly, in the subgroup analyses by detection methods of CMV, the increased risk (OR, 8.121) was greater among studies using polymerase chain reaction than the risk (OR, 1.561) among studies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggested that CMV infection is associated with an increased risk for CHD, especially among Asian populations.

Effects of ramipril on serum monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin-18, and interleukin-10 in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a clinical syndrome caused by acute myocardial ischemia and a severe stage of coronary atherosclerosis heart disease. The aim of this study was to clarify whether ramipril was a therapeutic agent against monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin 18 (IL-18), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in elderly patients with ACS. A total of 190 subjects including 72 elderly patients with ACS (78.1% male, mean age 67.12 +/- 5.06 years), 60 elderly patients with stable angina pectoris (76.9% male, mean age 68.00 +/- 4.52 years), and 58 healthy volunteers (77.8% male, mean age 65.96 +/- 4.18 years) were recruited into the study. Serum MCP-1, IL-10, and IL-18 were determined in 132 elderly patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after treatment with low doses of ramipril (2.5-5 mg/day), and were determined in 58 healthy volunteers. The levels of serum MCP-1 and IL-18 were much higher in elderly patients with ACS than those in elderly patients with SAP and healthy volunteers. After treating with ramipril, the levels of MCP-1 and IL-18 were decreased in elderly patients with ACS. Moreover, ramipril significantly increased serum IL-10 in elderly patients with ACS. Ramipril plays an important role in elderly patients with ACS. With decreasing MCP-1 and IL-18, it can ameliorate cytokine-associated cardiac damage. This study may provide a new recognition of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor for the treatment of ACS.

CORRELATIONS OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT PHENOTYPE OF APOPROTEIN(A) AND SERUM LEVEL OF LIPOPROTEIN(A) WITH MULTIFOCAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Background. Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease. That is why the damage is not restricted by one vascular area in 18-50% of patients. High serum level of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an independent risk factor for coronary, carotid and peripheral atherosclerosis. However the correlation of apoprotein(a) [apo(a)] polymorphism with the multifocal atherosclerosis in coronary heart disease (CHD) is not sufficiently studied. Aim. To study the correlation of apo(a) phenotype with the multifocal atherosclerosis in CHD patients. Material and Methods. 220 patients aged 32- 76 y.o. with the proven coronary and carotid atherosclerosis were split into two groups depending on the presence (n=22) or absence (n=198) of peripheral atherosclerosis. Evaluation of lipid profile, Lp(a) and determination of apo(a) isoforms by SDS electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and immunoblotting was performed in all patients. Results. Both groups of patients were comparable by age, sex, classical cardiovascular risk factors, including frequency of hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus, lipid profile. The Lp(a) serum level ≥30 mg/dL and low molecular weight (LMW) apo(a) phenotype were found more often in patients with multifocal than coronary and carotid atherosclerosis: 55 and 45% (р=0.372); 73 and 44% (p<0.05), respectively. According to multiple regression analysis (including sex, age, smoking status, and Lp(a) serum level) only smoking status (β=0.203, p=0.0003) and a size of apo(a) isoforms (β=0.191, p=0.0133) correlated with the peripheral atherosclerosis in patients with CHD. LMW apo(a) phenotype was the most significant predictor of peripheral atherosclerosis (β=0.281, p=0.0089) regardless of the Lp(a) serum level in patients under 55 y.o. High Lp(a) serum level combined with LMW apo(a) phenotype associated with more significant coronary, carotid and peripheral atherosclerosis. Conclusion. LMW apo(a) phenotype relates to the presence of multifocal atherosclerosis in CHD patients regardless of the Lp(a) serum level. Apo(a) phenotype can be a marker of generalized atherosclerosis especially among young adults. Next studies of correlations Lp(a) and apo(a) phenotype with lower limb arteries lesions are needed in various patients.

Endothelium, inflammation, and diabetes.

The endothelium has several diverse functions in maintaining vascular integrity in terms of structure and function. Two key vasodilators, nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin, maintain the vascular pathway, inhibit platelet aggregation, and are antithrombotic. More recently, they have been shown to be anti-inflammatory, and thus are potentially antiatherogenic. It has recently been noted that insulin stimulates NO release by the endothelium. Insulin is a vasodilator, has antiplatelet activity, and is anti-inflammatory. Similar anti-inflammatory effects of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), troglitazone and rosiglitazone, suggest that they too may have potential antiatherogenic effects. These effects of insulin and TZDs are important because the two major states of insulin resistance, obesity and type 2 diabetes, are associated with a marked increase in atherosclerosis coronary heart disease, and stroke. These recent observations have extremely momentous implications for the understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in insulin-resistant states and for a rational approach to their comprehensive treatment, including the prevention of atherosclerosis and its complications.

Apolipoprotein(a) size and pentanucleotide repeat polymorphisms are associated with the degree of atherosclerosis in coronary heart disease

To evaluate whether a high level of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a risk for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD), 94 Japanese patients and 64 age-matched Japanese controls, diagnosed after coronary angiography (CAG), were analyzed wuth special reference to the relations between the degree of atherosclerosis, Lp(a) levels and the apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) genotypes. The degree of atherosclerosis was evaluated based on CAG findings in the following three ways: the number of diseased vessels, the Gensini score, and the presence or absence of vascular ulcers and/or irregular outlines of coronary stenotic lesions. Apo(a) protein sizes and the pentanucleotide (TTTTA) repeat polymorphism in the 5′ control region of the apo(a) gene were analyzed. Multivariate predictors for the number of diseased vessels were, in decreased order of significance, plasma Lp(a) levels, history of smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and body mass index (BMI). Independent factors associated with the Gensini score were Lp(a) levels, BMI, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. A negative association of Lp(a) levels with apo(a) protein sizes, and higher Lp(a) levels in those homozygous for an allele with 8 (TTTTA)-repeats than in those homozygous for an allele with 9 (TTTTA)-repeats, was found in both the controls and patients. In decreasing order of significance, apo(a) protein sizes, the degree of atherosclerosis, the genotype of the pentanucleotide repeat, and gender were independent predictors of Lp(a) levels in stepwise regression models. Apo(a) protein sizes were a significant predictor, and the genotype homozygous for the 8 (TTTTA)-repeats was a possible predictor, for the degree of atherosclerosis in CHD. These findings support the notion that a high Lp(a) level is a risk for the development of atherosclerosis in CHD.