Hybrid Corn Varieties Research Articles

Microbiological activity of typical chernozem in cultivation of agricultural crops using agrobiotechnology

The article presents the results of a study of the microbial cenosis of typical slightly eroded chernozem under crops of corn for grain and oats under conditions of the use of agrobiotechnologies, including the treatment of seeds, soil, plants and post-harvest residues with microbiological preparations based on Trichoderma and Lactobacillus, as well as the use of nitrogen fertilizers and lime against the background of surface incorporation by-products. The research was carried out on the territory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Kursk FATS” (Medvensky district, Kursky district, Panino village) in two fields. In 2022, in the first field (grain crop rotation) oats (Avena sativa L.) variety “Borets” (predecessor – buckwheat) were cultivated, in the second (grain crop rotation) – hybrid corn (Zea mays L.) variety “Delitop” ( predecessor – winter wheat). The soil of the experimental field is typical low-humus, slightly eroded, heavy loamy chernozem on carbonate loess-like loam. It was established that during the harvesting phase under corn and oats, regardless of the factors (microbiological preparations, nitrogen fertilizers and lime) of the experiment, the soil was characterized by an increase in the number of saprophytic microflora and micromycetes compared to the phase of crop germination. The introduction of microbiological preparations based on Trichoderma and Lactobacillus with nitrogen fertilizers and by-products contributed to an increase in soil biogenicity, which on average during the growing season exceeded the control by 43.9 and 57.2%, respectively, under corn and oats. The maximum number of microscopic fungi was noted with the combined use of Trichoplant, SK and Biogor-Zh with mineral nitrogen, but the soil under oats in terms of the content of fungal microflora was 8.9 thousand CFU/g soils exceeded their amount under corn crops. The highest value of the transformation coefficient of organic matter was observed when by-products were inoculated with microbiological preparations with lime, regardless of the culture and timing of determination (phases of germination and harvesting of crops).

Growth and nitrogen uptake modeling in composite and hybrid corn varieties

Corn is a strategic commodity in Indonesia's agricultural and economic development. The problem of corn production can be overcome with proper usage of nitrogen fertilization. Dynamic modeling can be used as a tool to solve this problem. This study aimed to develop a dynamic model for the growth and nitrogen uptake of composite and hybrid corn varieties. Stages in the model construction: (1) identifying system components, (2) model construction, (3) simulation, and (4) validation. The growth model is a construction of the plant's ecophysiological response to solar radiation and temperature in photosynthesis. A growth model in composite and hybrid corn varieties with simulated dry weight as output has been constructed validly. The model input components, such as light use efficiency, extinction coefficient, specific leaf area, and carbohydrate partition coefficient varied at each development phase for each variance. The actual total dry weight on the Pioneer 27 variety was 6,406 kg ha-1 with a simulated total dry weight was 6,228 kg ha-1, and the actual total dry weight on the Bisma variety was 5,127 kg ha-1 with a simulated total dry weight was 4,864 kg ha-1. The level of validity of the Pioneer 27 variety growth model reached 83.5% and the Bisma variety reached 80%. Keywords: Bisma; dry weight; growth model; nitrogen uptake; Pioneer 27; simulation; validation

Land management without burning and corn productivity enhancement during long dry season in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

In long dry season (El Nino), thousand hectares of agricultural land in Indonesia to experience drought, and sometimes wildfires occur naturally. Land management without burning and environmentally friendly agricultural cultivation needs to be done in the long dry season. It is not recommended to use crop residue that is burned on the land, since the residue can be composted into organic matter which later is returned to the agricultural land as organic fertilizer. Currently, about 40% farmers use local corn varieties. Corn farming lands in Indonesia are generally deficient in nitrogen. Consequently, drought tolerant new superior corn varieties complemented with right dose fertilizer based on plant needs, especially N fertilizer, are needed to increase corn productivity in the dry season. This research aimed to ascertain adaptive hybrid corn varieties and right N fertilizer rate on the growth and productivity of corn planted on the land without burning. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was corn varieties, namely Bima 19, Nasa 29, and JH 21; whereas, the second factor was N fertilizer rate, namely 64, 86.5, 109, and 131.5 kg ha-1. The combination of the two factors consisted of 12 treatments, which were repeated 3 times. The results showed that there was an interaction between the new high yielding varieties and the N fertilizer rate on corn productivity. Greater yields were performed in Bima 19 with N rate of 109 and 131.5 kg ha-1 and Nasa 29 with N rate of 131.5 kg ha-1 i.e., 8.45, 7.94, and 8.04 t ha-1, respectively. Bima 19 and Nasa 29 are drought tolerant high yielding corn varieties.

Intensity attacks of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on several corn varieties in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Sudihardjo D, Samanhudi, Sholahuddin, Pujiasmanto B, Rahayu M, Setyawati A. 2023. Intensity attacks of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on several corn varieties in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6979-6987. The presence of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, 1797 attack on corn is one of the main causes of the decrease in yield. Local, composite, and hybrid corn have different characteristics and will affect intensity attack and foliar damage due to S. frugiperda attack. This study aimed to determine the intensity of the attack of several types of local corn, composites, and hybrids against S. frugiperda. The research was conducted in the Kediri region, East Java, one of the corn cultivation centers. The study used a completely randomized block design with three replications of 18 varieties of various local, composites, and hybrid corn varieties. Local corn varieties consist of Madura Putih, Kebo Bima, Manik Liu, Lameran-Latim, Seraye-Bali, Madura kuning, and Sumbawa. Composite corn varieties include Bisma, Puput Uri, Srikandi Ungu, and Sukmaraga. Furthermore, the hybrid varieties comprise ADV Jago, Bisi 18, DK 77, NK 6172, P 27, Pertiwi 3, and R7. The results showed the infestation of S. frugiperda in all corn varieties peaked at age 42 DAP, with the intensity attack reaching 100%. The lowest intensity attack rate of S. frugiperda was obtained by the Sukmaraga composite variety and the NK6172 hybrid variety tends to be more resistant to S. frugiperda attacks than composite and local varieties. All corn-tested varieties were attached by S. frugiperda, which varied for the percentage of plant damage, severity level, and the time the pest attack first attacked. The clustering groups of each corn variety were based on the intensity attack of S. frugiperda, number of larvae, severity level and early infestation founded group resistant, which have less foliar damage due to S. frugiperda larvae attacks consisting of 5 varieties: Madura kuning, Madura Putih, Bisma, NK6172, and Srikandi Ungu.

The leaf rust disease development of hybrid corn on shaded agroecosystem

The research objective was to determine the development of hybrid corn leaf rust disease in shaded agro-ecosystems. The research was carried out in the albasia forest area of Kalices Village, Patehan District, Kendal Regency, Central Java, Indonesia in March-September 2020. Three hybrid corn varieties, namely JH 37, Nasa 29 and Bisi 18, were used as treatments, as well as three levels of shade density, namely 0, 20 and 40%. Observations were made on the incidence and intensity of leaf rust disease at the age of 40, 60 and 80 days after planting (DAP). The incidence and intensity of leaf rust disease were observed by scoring according to the modified 2012 DMRI method. The results showed that all three varieties had been attacked by leaf rust disease since 40 DAP with an incidence of 13.33–56.67% and disease intensity between 12.59–17.41% at all levels of shade density. The leaf rust disease continues to develop in all varieties with an intensity of around 30.00-56.67%. The highest incidence and intensity of leaf rust disease occurred in JH 37 variety at all levels of shade density. The development of leaf rust disease is more influenced by the genetic characteristics of each variety.

Growth and Production Response of Five Hybrid Maize Varieties to Application of Different Fertilizer Packages

This study aims to see the effect or response of five varieties of corn to the package of fertilizer doses observed from the growth and production. The research used a two-factor factorial experimental design in a Randomized Block Design, with 5 hybrid corn varieties as the first factor, namely varieties P21, P22, C9, C7 and Agricon, Urea, ZA, SP-36 and KCl fertilizers. Fertilization Package as the second factor was arranged with a combination of (1) Urea 350 + ZA 100 + SP-36 175 + KCl 75 kg ha-1, (2) Urea 250 + ZA 100 + SP-36 100 + KCl 50 kg ha-1, and (3) Urea 250 + ZA 100 kg ha-1 The results showed that there was an interaction between corn variety C7 and fertilization package 1 (350 urea + 100 ZA + 175 SP-36 + 75 KCl kg ha-1) on the addition of the best number of leaves which was 7,853 strands. Hybrid variety C9 gave the highest yield per hectare of 5.573 tons, and the fertilization package that gave the best results on corn production was fertilization package 3 (250 urea + 100 ZA kg ha-1) with an average grain yield per hectare of 5.07 tons.

Corn (Zea mays L.) productivity in acid dry land used zigzag planting method

Zigzag planting method technology was an alternative technology to increase plant population without affecting plant growth and development. The purpose of this study was to determine the productivity of corn with different planting methods, such as the zigzag and the linear planting method applied by farmers on acid dry land in the Lampung area. The research was conducted at the Natar Experimental Station in Negara Ratu Village, Natar District, South Lampung Regency, Indonesia from March to June 2020. The study used a two-factor randomized block design, namely the hybrid corn varieties (NK Sumo, NK 22 Jumbo, and NK Super) and the planting methods (zigzag and linear planting methods). Observations were made on ten plants per sampling plot, which were determined randomly. The results showed that the zigzag planting method produces a higher yield (8.16 tons/ha) compared to the linear planting method (4-5 tons/ha grain yield). Moreover, the zigzag planting method increased the plant population by 80% without disturbing plant growth and development. The zigzag planting method was able to increase corn production by 30-40%.

RESPON VARIETAS JAGUNG HIBRIDA TERHADAP NAUNGAN DAN PEMUPUKAN DI BAWAH TEGAKAN KELAPA

The study aimed was to analyze the tolerance level of hybrid maize varieties to shading and to analyze the response to fertilization. The research was carried out in Molowahu village, Tibawa subdistrict, Gorontalo regency, Gorontalo province from August 2021 to November 2021. This study used a 2-factor factorial design with environmental design (RAK), the first factor was a hybrid corn variety consisting of three levels, namely Nasa-29, JH- 29, and Bisi-18. The second factor is the use of fertilizers, namely NPK Phonska 300 kg/ha + Urea 200 kg/ha, manure 1 ton/ha + NPK Phonska 150 kg/ha + Urea 100 kg/ha, and manure 2 tons/ha. The results of this study showed that the Nasa-29 variety showed the highest level of tolerance to shade, which was indicated by the highest production of 6.77 tons/ha. A Fertilization package of 1 ton/ha manure + Phonska NPK 150 kg/ha + Urea 100 kg/ha can increase and optimize the growth and production of corn plants in the shade between coconut plants by 0.44 tons/ha and there is no interaction between the treatment of varieties with the fertilization package.

Infestation of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee on three tropical altitude variations

Pest infestation is a major problem in corn cultivation because it causes a decrease in crop productivity or even crop failure. This study aimed to evaluate the level of crop damage caused by Helicoverpa armigera and Ostrinia furnacalis in three tropical altitude variations. Ten hybrid corns from cross-breeding strains and three commercial hybrid corn varieties were evaluated at three locations with different altitudes, classified as lowland (30 masl), midland (600 masl), and highland (1000 masl). The evaluation was carried out on the level of crop damage and plant resistance. The results showed that the highest percentage of H. armigera attack on hybrid corn was 75% at Caps 17B x Caps 23 (moderately susceptible) at the lowland and the lowest was 8% at Caps 2 x Caps 17A (resistant). The percentage of H. armigera attack was 100% at Caps 15 x Caps 22 (very susceptible) and the lowest was the evaluation of Caps 5 x Caps 17B was 58% (susceptible) at the midland. Meanwhile, the highest attack percentage was 92% on the Caps 17A x Caps 17B, Caps 17A x Caps 22, and Caps 5 x Caps 22 hybrids (very susceptible), while the lowest was 67% on the Caps 3 x Caps 17B and Secada hybrids (moderately susceptible) at the highland. O. furnacalis attack showed that all hybrid corns were classified as resistant except for Caps 5 x Caps 22 and Paragon was moderately resistant with a percentage attack of 25% at lowland. At the midland, Caps 5 x Caps 17B hybrid corn was classified as very susceptible with an attack of 92%, while Caps 15 x Caps 22 was classified as resistant with an attack percentage of 8%. At an altitude of 1000 masl, Caps 17A x Caps 17B, Caps 3 x Caps 17A, and Caps 5 x Caps 17B were moderately resistant with an attack percentage of 33% and other hybrids were resistant with an attack percentage of 8%.

Corn Production and Corn Seed Market in Kazakhstan

Agriculture is the strategic economic sector in Kazakhstan that requires further modernization and introduction of innovative practices to boost the agricultural production in the country. Though wheat and barley are main crops among Kazakhstani farmers, alternative crops like oilseeds, corn, vegetables, fruits, etc. contribute to the country’s gross agricultural product and food security. The corn production in Kazakhstan was rarely elucidated or discussed in the academic community. Though, this crop is an essential income source for many farmers in the southern Kazakhstan. The objective of this paper, therefore, is to shed light on the status, development, and perspectives of corn production in Kazakhstan with a focus on its seed market. The corn production area in Kazakhstan was around 301 thousand hectares in 2021, from which grain corn production comprised 63% and silage corn was 37%. The leading area of corn production in Kazakhstan was Almaty region. The region alone contributed 50% of grain corn in the country. Corn seeds of more than 25 originators were sold to Kazakhstani farmers in 2021. The latter planted more than 150 various corn hybrid varieties. 60% of all corn seeds were imported. The slow modernization of available equipment and agricultural practices were essential handicaps in quick and successful development of Kazakhstani farmers. The research about corn, corn production, corn market, and corn seed market in Kazakhstan is very limited. Therefore, further detailed studies in this field are necessary to illuminate various aspects of corn growing in Kazakhstan for international academic community.

Adaptation of growth and yield of several hybrid corn varieties of Balitbangtan on dryland agroecosystems in young Albasia Forest Area

Select varieties with high yields and adaptive to the environment are one way to increase corn productivity. The study aimed to determine the adaptability of the growth and yield characteristics of superior national varieties of hybrid maize to shade stress. The study was carried out in a community forest area, Kalices Village, Kendal Regency, from March-September 2020. The study was designed using a split-split plot randomized block design with treatments for each sub-plot: (1) shade blocks 0%, 20%, and 40%; (2) application of cultivation technology for plant management recommendations for Integrated Crop Management (PTT) and farmer recommendations; (3) Varieties JH-37, NASA-29, and existing farmer hybrids. Data were analyzed using variance; if they were significantly different, they were further tested by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% level. The results showed that the highest adaptive capacity was obtained by local corn with a density of 20%. The local hybrid variety Bisi-18 showed the highest dry shelled yield at 5.9 t/ha, followed by Nasa 29 at 5.8 t/ha dry shelled, and the JH 37 variety at 5.2 t/ha dry shelled.

Effect of shading on plant growth of 4 varieties of hybrid corn

Agricultural land in Indonesia continues to decrease every year so that the use of plantation areas can be an alternative in increasing corn production. This study aimed to obtain corn varieties that can grow and produce well in shaded conditions. The experimental design used was a Split Plot Design arranged in a Randomized Block Design consisting of two factors. The first factor on the main plot is the shade (S) i.e., no shade (S1), 25% light interception shade (S2), and 50% light interception shade (S3). The second factor in the sub-plot is the hybrid corn variety (V) consisting of Bima 20 (V1), JH-37 (V2), Nasa 29 (N3), and Pioneer P32 (V4). The results showed that two varieties produce a high yield in 50% light interception conditions, which are JH-37 and Bima 20 with kernel dry weights of 6.04 and 6.43 tons/ha, respectively. On plant growth, shade treatment did not have a significant effect on the plant height, the number of leaves, and the leaf area, but affects the diameter of the stems.

Physiological and biochemical responses of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) varieties grown under heat stress conditions.

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the second most commonly produced and consumed crop after wheat globally and is adversely affected by high heat, which is a significant abiotic stress factor. This study was carried out to determine the physiological and biochemical responses of hybrid corn varieties under heat stress (‘HS’) compared to control (‘C’) conditions during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons. The experiment was conducted under natural conditions in the Southeastern region of Turkey, where the most intense temperatures are experienced. This experiment used split plots in randomized blocks with three replications, with ‘HS’ and ‘C’ growing conditions applied to the main plots and the different hybrid corn varieties (FAO 650) planted on the sub plots. Mean values of days to 50% tasseling (DT, day), grain yield (GY, kg ha−1), leaf water potential (LWP, %), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a, mg g−1), cell membrane damage (CMD, %), and total phenol content (TPC, μg g−1) were significantly different between years, growing conditions, and hybrid corn varieties. Changes in the climate played a significant role in the differences between the years and growing conditions (GC), while the genetic characteristics of the different corn varieties explained the differences in outcomes between them. The values of DT, GY, LWP, Chl-a, CMD, and TPC ranged from 49.06–53.15 days, 9,173.0–10,807.2 kg ha−1, 78.62–83.57%, 6.47–8.62 mg g−1, 9.61–13.54%, and 232.36–247.01 μg g−1, respectively. Significant correlations were recorded between all the parameters. Positive correlations were observed between all the variables except for CMD. The increased damage to cell membranes under ‘HS’ caused a decrease in the other measured variables, especially GY. In contrast, the GY increased with decreased CMD. CMD was important in determining the stress and tolerance level of corn varieties under ‘HS’ conditions. The GY and other physiological parameters of ADA 17.4 and SYM-307 candidate corn varieties surpassed the control hybrid corn cultivars. The results revealed that the ADA 17.4 and SYM-307 cultivars might have ‘HS’-tolerate genes.

PERFORMANCE OF SOME DIFFERENT HYBRID DENT CORN (Zea mays L. indentata S.) VARIETIES UNDER CENTRAL ANATOLIAN CONDITIONS

This study was conducted under Cumra ecological conditions between 2019 and 2020 in order to determine theperformance of some KWS hybrid corn varieties (V1; Kerbanis, V2; Kefieros, V3; Kontigos, V4; Kefrancos,V5; 2572) belonging to different maturity groups. When the results obtained in both years of the study wereevaluated together, it was seen that the highest leaf number, grain protein content, and the lowest stalk lodgingvalues were obtained from the V3 variety. The highest first ear height and thousand grain weight values wereobtained from the V2, V4, and V5 varieties. The highest ear weight and grain weight per ear values wereobtained from the V2 and V5 varieties. The highest grain ear ratio, hectoliter, and the lowest grain moisturevalues were obtained from the V1 variety. The highest plant height, number of grains per ear, tasseling stage,ear length, ear diameter, stalk lodging, and grain moisture values were obtained from the V5 variety.However, obtaining the highest stalk lodging and grain moisture values from this variety in both researchyears eliminated the other positive characteristics of this variety. The highest grain yield values were obtainedfrom the V2 variety. When the evaluation is done by taking into account the highest grain yield, lowest grainmoisture, and stalk lodging values together, it is seen that the V3 variety is of a nature that can berecommended for Cumra-Konya ecological conditions.

Business Performance and Farmers' Motivation in the Application of Hybrid Corn Variety Innovation in Lengkiti District

This study aims to determine the performance of farmers and the level of motivation of farmers in using hybrid corn seed assistance and the factors that influence farmers in pursuing corn farming in Lengkiti District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. This research is located in Bandar Jaya, Fajar Jaya, and Tanjung Agung Villages, Lengkiti District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. Respondent farmers were corn farmers in Bandar Jaya, Fajar Jaya, and Tanjung Agung villages who were selected using the Simple Random Sampling Method of as many as 97 people. The time of conducting the research is around November 2021. The analysis used to answer the first objective is qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis is used to explain each indicator variable. Quantitative analysis will be used on the variables of productivity and farm income. The analysis used to answer the factors that influence farmers in using government-assisted hybrid seeds with the factors studied are Education (X1), Age (X2), Family Dependents (X3), and Government Policy (X4). The average income of farmers who work on corn farming in the research area, both farmers who use hybrid seeds from the government or not, is IDR. 13,680,484.53. Farmer's age variable has a significant effect partially on the motivation of farmers who use hybrid seeds provided by the government in the study area, while the rest does not affect farmers' motivation.

EVALUASI KERAGAMAN DAN STABILITAS KARAKTER PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI 12 GALUR CALON VARIETAS JAGUNG HIBRIDA

Corn is the number two stable crop in the world with increasing demand in line with population growth. The use of superior hybrid corn varieties is one of the solution in meeting the needs of corn throught plant breeding activities. The experimental design used was a monofactor randomized block design (RAK), with the object is 12 prosprective line of hybrid corn varieties from PT Tunas Widji Inti Nayottama (RD 422, RD 471, RD 491, RD 496, RD 551, RD 519, RD 523, RD 536, RD 586, RD 591, RD 602, RD 60), and control varieties is Bisi-18 and P31. The parameters observed included number of plants grown, high of plant, high of ear, lenght of ear, diameter of ear, weight of ear, weight of cob, number of seed rows pear earm number of seed per row, weight of 100 seeds, yield, seed moisture content, physiological maturity, and potential harvest. Variance analysis data and continued with the independent T test. The result showed that 7 corn lines which have the desired properties are RD 422, RD 471, RD 551, RD 519, and RD 603. The level of stability according to the coefficient of diversity, all of the test lines had low stability (uniform), except for RD 491 on the character of anxious weight (29.23%) and RD 602 on the character of the number of seeds per row (39.36%).

PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN LEWAT DAUN DAN WAKTU DEFOLIASI PADA PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) VARIETAS NASA 29

This study aims to determine the effect of foliar fertilization and corn leaf trimming (defoliation) on the growth and yield of hybrid corn NASA 29. This research was conducted at the Samboja Experimental Garden, Bukit Raya Village, Kec. Samboja, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan, in April-July 2020. The planting material used was the NASA 29 hybrid corn variety, KNO3 fertilizer, Gandasil D fertilizer, MKP fertilizer. This study used a factorial randomized block design (3 X 3) with 3 (three) replications. The first factor was the type of fertilizer that was applied through the leaves (foliar) which consisted of 3 levels, namely P1 (fertilizer gandasil), P2 (fertilizer MKP), and P3 (fertilizer Rosasol) with a dose of 10 grams/liter each given at the age of 65 DAS. The second factor was defoliation time which consisted of 3 levels, namely D1 (75 days after planting), D2 (defoliation at 82 days after planting), and D3 (defoliation at 90 days after planting). The observed data were analyzed by means of the analysis of variance with the F test at α 5%. if there is a significant difference, it is followed by the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at α 5%. The results showed that the treatment of the type of fertilizer through the leaves and defoliation along with the interactions had no significant effect on the variables of plant height, ear length, and ear diameter, while the treatment of fertilizers by leaf and defoliation and their interactions had no significant effect on the variables of plant height, stem diameter. ear length and ear diameter. P3 fertilizer treatment and defoliation at the age of 82 days after planting (D2) gave the best results on the variable ear weight and dry seed weight.

Genotype resistance of hybrid corn varieties candidate against major corn diseases

The resistance level of several national superior corn varieties to the primary disease of corn is still varied and unstable. Therefore, evaluating the resistance of hybrid corn varieties candidate to the primary disease of corn is deemed necessary as an initial step in managing the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance reaction of the hybrid corn varieties candidate against the primary disease of corn. This study was conducted at two different locations. The first location was at the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation (ATRAI) of the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute in Bajeng District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi first, where the test for P. phillipinensis downy mildew, leaf blight, and leaf rust was conducted. The next location was at the ATRAI of Muneng of the Research Institute for Various Nuts and Tubers in Probolinggo, East Java, where the test for the P. maydis downy mildew was conducted. The tests were carried out using plants as the source of the test pathogen inoculum planted around the experimental block. The four corn genotypes tested were CHC1, CHC02, CHC3, CHC5, and CHC5. Meanwhile, the comparison varieties used were P36, Pertiwi-6, PAC339, BISI18, Anoman, and Pulut. The test results showed the two hybrid corn varieties candidate that were moderately resistant to P. philipinensis, namely CHC1 and CHC2, with attack intensities of 30.94% and 32.07%, respectively; one variety candidate resistant to P. maydis, namely CHC1 with an attack intensity of 15.92%. Meanwhile, the five hybrid corn varieties candidate, namely CHC1, CHC02, CHC3, CHC5, and CHC5, showed a moderately resistant reaction to maydis leaf blight and leaf rust with an attack intensity of 35%.

The economic feasibility of hybrid corn farming on sub optimal dry land in Aceh

This study aims to determine the level of economic feasibility of corn farming in dry land through the application of technological innovations using hybrid corn New High- Yielding varieties seeds. This research used a randomized design and was conducted on 1 hectare of land owned by farmers in Blang Gandai Village, Jeumpa District, Bireun, from April to October 2016. The data collection method was a survey qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative is the characteristics of the research location and an explanation of the hybrid corn varieties. While the quantitative is the analysis data of hybrid corn farming that has been calculated. Sources of data were obtained from information directly from farmers as many as 6 cooperators, were 3 farmers with an introduction practice and 3 farmers with farmers practice. The varieties used were Bima 3 dan Bima 4. Data were collected by interview using a questionnaire with a structured list of questions. The farming data analysis carried out includes the use of production facilities, the use of labor, and the level of efficiency of farming with financial analysis of the R/C ratio. The analysis used is revenue and income, income-to-cost balance (R/C) and income balance cost B/C. The results showed that economically both Bima 3 and Bima 4 varieties provide favorable results where the R/C of both is 1,82. This means that Bima 3 and Bima 4 varieties are very feasible to be developed to increase corn production in Bireun Districts on dry land.

The Determination of Performance of Some Hybrid Corn Varieties Under Muş Ecological Conditions

Bu araştırma, Muş ekolojik şartlarına uygun dane mısır çeşitlerini belirlemek amacıyla 2015 yılı ana ürün üretim sezonunda yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulan bu denemede, onbeş tek melez mısır çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Denemede kullanılan çeşitler arasında tane verimi bakımından önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiş olup en yüksek dane verimi 1193.9 kg da-1 ile Dekalp 6724 çeşidinden elde edilirken, en düşük dane verimi de 800.7 kg da-1 ile Adasa-16 çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda düşük hasat nemi açısından Dekalp-6101 ve Ada-8924 ön plana çıkarken, dane verimi açısından ise Dekalp 6724, Kalends ve As-71 en ümitvar çeşitler olarak tespit edilmişlerdir.