Coriaria Extract Research Articles

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Rhus coriaria extract and their anticancer activity against triple-negative breast cancer cells

The growing interest in using plant extracts for the biogenic synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) stems from their facile, eco-friendly, and biologically safe approach instead of chemical routes. For the first time, ZnO NPs were successfully biosynthesized using Rhus coriaria fruit aqueous extract as a reducing and capping agent. Characterization revealed that the biosynthesized ZnO NPs possessed a maximum absorbance of approximately 359 nm and closely resembled the hexagonal ZnO wurtzite crystalline structure, with an average crystalline size of 16.69 nm. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed the presence of spherical and hexagonal morphologies, with an average grain size of 20.51 ± 3.90 nm. Moreover, the elemental composition of the synthesized ZnO NPs was assessed via energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), and the presence of phytocompounds on their surface was subsequently verified through FT-IR analysis. The ζ-potential of ZnO NPs was recorded at − 19.9 ± 0.1663 mV. Regarding anti-cancer properties, ZnO NPs were found to possess potent anti-tumor effects on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Their efficacy was dose-dependent, with IC50 values ranging from 35.04–44.86 μg/mL for MCF-7 and 55.54–63.71 µg/mL for MDA-MB-231 cells. Mechanistic studies in MDA-MB-231 cells revealed apoptosis induction, validated by DAPI staining, confocal microscopy, and Annexin V/PI staining, showing apoptosis by 12.59% and 81.57% at ½ IC50 and IC50 values, respectively. Additionally, ZnO NPs were observed to provoke S-phase arrest and inhibit colony-forming and metastatic potential by modulating apoptosis and metastasis-related genes. This study unravels new insights into how ZnO NPs provoke cancer cell death and inhibit metastasis, revealing new prospects in cancer nanotechnology.

Potential Antidepressant-Like Activity of Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) Ethanolic Extract: The Mechanism of Action via the Monoaminergic System in a Mouse Model

Background: Studies have reported certain side effects that occur with the use of conventional antidepressants limit their clinical use. Plant derivatives such as Rhus coriaria L. extract can be used as alternatives for depression. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of R. coriaria in a mouse model and the role of the monoaminergic system in its mechanism of action. Methods: A total of 174 male NMRI mice were used. Thirty minutes after treating animals with common antidepressants and R. coriaria extract (25 - 200 mg/kg), the tail suspension test (TST) was performed. One hour after treating mice with serotonergic, adrenergic, and dopaminergic antagonists, 100 mg/kg of the extract was administered, and TST was performed after 30 minutes. Potential synergistic interactions between the extract and the sub-doses of fluoxetine (Flx) and imipramine (Imp) were also investigated. Injections were all administered intraperitoneally. Results: Rhus coriaria extract (50 - 200 mg/kg) induced antidepressant-like effects (P < 0.001) without altering animal locomotion in the open field test (OFT; P > 0.05). The tail suspension test showed that the antidepressant-like activity of the extract was blocked by pretreating with the above-mentioned antagonists (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The sub-dose of the extract also increased the efficiency of the sub-doses of common antidepressants (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The extract showed antidepressant-like activity via the monoaminergic system and increased the efficiency of common antidepressants. We suggest adding dried R. coriaria extract powder to the formulation of common antidepressant agents following thorough clinical studies on the substance.

Efficacy of the nanoemulsion formulation of Rhus coriaria extract on selected tomato pathogens under greenhouse condition

The formulation from R. coriaria aqueous crude 35% concentrate, Emereen 1820 (5%) and water (60%) was prepared. An in vitro analysis was conducted, to determine the effectiveness of the strategy, for managing Fusarium oxysporum (Acc. Number KM039054) and Colletotrichum boninense (Acc. Number KM039057), two of the most harmful bacteria, as well as Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Acc. Number KU661975), and Ralstonia solanacearum (Acc. Number KT783476), two well-documented bacteria. Plants treated with formulation prior to infection by bacteria and fungi were seen to exhibit moderate resistance against these pathogenic bacteria and fungi with 5 and 10% concentrations. The results derived from a comparison with the control sample, revealed that the application of both the concentrations, substantially decreased the total AUDPC, for all the investigated diseases. The most significant decrease in disease intensity (82.58, 70.38, 64.93 and 64.80% for X. vesicatoria, R. solanacearum, F. oxysporum and C. boninense respectively), is attributed to the application of nanoemulsion formulations, at a concentration of 10%. The remedial measures employed, served to greatly enhance the shoot height and root length, increase the dry shoot and dry root occurrence, boost the chlorophyll content, and expand the leaf surface area. In view of these outcomes, the sumac biopesticide formulation can be considered a more cost effective and eco-friendly alternative, to chemical pesticides, for the curbing of diseases affecting tomato plants.

Evaluation of the fungicidal activity of the aqueous extracts of some medicinal plants against Fusarium spp

To assess the performance of the aqueous extracts of Rhus coriaria, Boswellia carterii, Nigella sativa and Aloe vera. Three concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) for each extract were tested in vitro for their activity against three isolates of Fusarium spp. All extracts have a high inhibitory capacity against tested isolates. An inhibition percentage for selected isolates was increased with concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%). The concentration of Rhus coriaria extract 15 % resulted in a significant increase in inhibition percentage of mycelial growth of Fusarium sp.1 (63.17%), Fusarium sp2 (61.69%) and Fusarium sp3 (59.35%) compared to other concentrations, the concentration of Boswellia carterii extract 10% led to a significant increase in inhibition percentage of mycelial growth of Fusarium sp2 (82.45 %) compared to concentration 5% (73.67 %), the concentration of Nigella sativa extract 15% was recorded high inhibition percentage in Fusarium sp2 (66.15 %) compared to concentration 5% (22.21%). In contrast, concentrations 5% and 10% were recorded highest inhibition percentages in Fusarium sp3, reaching 31.73 % and 22.02%, respectively, compared to concentration 15% (4.90%). Keywords: Rhus coriaria, Boswellia carterii, Nigella sativa, Aloe vera and Fusarium spp

Green Synthesis Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles from Rhus Coriaria extract: A Characteristic Comparison with a Conventional Chemical Method.

In recent years, nanotechnology has become one of the most important and exciting avant-gardes, without exception, in all fields of science. Through nanotechnology, novel materials and devices can be industrialized with atomic precision. In general, there are three main methods for synthesizing NPs: Chemical, physical and biological, or green methods. However, the conventional chemical and physical methods include the use of toxic chemicals that are toxic in nature and using pricy devices, which leads to the development of new methods using nontoxic and eco-friendly materials. These eco-friendly methods use biological systems, microorganisms, and plant-based materials as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents to synthesize NPs. In this study, iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs have been synthesized using a green method, a Rhus Coriaria extract, and a conventional chemical method. A comparison between these two methods is conducted to validate the importance of the biological method. This study demonstrates, as we expected, by utilizing different characterization techniques, that the synthesized green Fe3O4 NPs, in general, possess better and enhanced properties than the chemical method. This difference is evident in the aggregation status, capping and stabilizing agents around the NPs, magnetic and thermal properties, and stability of NPs. These results, in turn, highlight the importance of the available phytochemical in the Rhus Coriaria extract as a suitable candidate for biosynthesizing Fe3O4 NPs.

Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Green Method Using Rhus coriaria L. Extract Against Oral Pathogenic Microorganisms.

Background: Oral health is part of general health. Dental caries is the most common chronic disease worldwide. Considering the significance of plaque control, complications of chemical agents, and the optimal antimicrobial efficacy of nanoparticles, this study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by the green method using Rhus coriaria L. extract against oral pathogenic microorganisms. Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, Rhus coriaria fruit was dried at room temperature. It was then ground, and its aqueous extract was obtained by the maceration technique. The effects of AgNPs synthesized by the green method in different concentrations were evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), and Streptococcus salivarius (S. salivarius) using the well-plate technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were also calculated. Data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The MIC values were 1024 µg/mL for S. mutans and E. faecalis, and 512 µg/mL for S. sobrinus, S. salivarius, and L. acidophilus. The resistance of S. mutans and E. faecalis was higher than that of S. sobrinus, S. salivarius and L. acidophilus. According to the growth inhibition zones and MBC test results, S. salivarius had the highest resistance to AgNPs followed by L. acidophilus, S. sobrinus, S. mutans, and E. faecalis. Conclusion: AgNPs synthesized by the green method using Rhus coriaria extract was effective against oral pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, they may be used in the formulation of mouthwash and toothpaste.

Effect of Mid-Term Dietary Administration of the Caesalpinia coriaria Extract on the Sustainable Mitigation of Equine Fecal Methane, Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Production

This study aimed to evaluate the dietary administration of the Caesalpinia coriaria (CC) extract for 30 days on in vitro fecal greenhouse gases production. Fecal samples, as inoculums, were collected from horses given daily 0- (Fecal 0), 60- (Fecal 60) and 120- (Fecal 60) mL CC aqueous extract per animal. The extract dose was mixed with the morning feeding diet at 6:00 h for each horse. During incubation, 0-, 0.6-, 1.2- and 1.8-mL CC extracts were added to the basal diet which was fed to horses (as subtract) and evaluated with each fecal type. Feces from the horses given no CC extract produced the lowest (P = .0014) methane while the fecal from horses given CC produced more methane . It was also observed that all CC doses linearly (P = .0457) produced more methane than the control. Furthermore, Fecal 0 was more efficient and produced less methane for every unit of metabolizable energy, organic matter, and short chain fatty acids while Fecal 60 was the least efficient. Production of H2S showed that feces of equine orally give 60 mL/day CC produced the highest while Fecal 0 and Fecal 120 were similar. Fecal type x dose showed that 0 mL/g DM produced the highest H2S while 1.8 mL/g DM produced the lowest. Thus, based on gas production, H2S, CO and CH4, feeding horses with 60 mL/day of CC with or without 0.6 mL/g DM of CC extract is recommended for the sustainable mitigation of greenhouse gases emission in horses.

Effect of Rhus coriaria L. methanolic fruit extract on wound healing in diabetic and non-diabetic rats.

This study assessed the effects of topical application of R. coriaria extract on the rate of wound closure. The rate of wound contraction was used to assess the wound healing efficacy of the R. coriaria fruit methanolic extract. Using excision and burn model of wound repair in diabetic male Wistar rats. Also, hydroxyproline, collagen content, and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels were determined in this study. During the early wound healing phase, interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were found to be decreased by R. coriaria treatment and increased the level of interleukin 10 (IL-10). Increased wound contraction augmented with hydroxyproline and collagen content, supporting the early wound healing exhibited by R. coriaria. The epithelialization, neovascularization and enhanced hydroxyproline and collagen expression were strongly associated with the healing pattern. This study indicating that R. coriaria methanolic fruit extract has a potent wound healing capacity. And may be effective in the topical therapy of wound healing.

Forty-One Plant Extracts Screened for Dual Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Functions: Evaluating the Types of Correlation between -Amylase Inhibition and Free Radical Scavenging.

Dysregulation of glucose homeostasis followed by chronic hyperglycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus (DM), a disease spreading as a worldwide pandemic for which there is no satisfactory dietary treatment or cure. The development of glucose-controlling drugs that can prevent complications of DM, such as hyperglycemia and oxidative stress, which contribute to the impairment of the key physiological processes in the body, is of grave importance. In pursuit of this goal, this study screened 41 plant extracts for their antidiabetic and antioxidant activities by employing assays to test for α-amylase inhibition and free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) and by measuring glucose uptake in L6-GLUT4myc cells. While extracts of Rhus coriaria, Punica granatum, Olea europaea, Pelargonium spp., Stevia rebaudiana, and Petroselinum crispum demonstrated significant α-amylase inhibition, the extracts of Rhus coriaria and Pelargonium spp. also demonstrated increased FRSA, and the extract of Rhus coriaria stimulated glucose uptake. These natural extracts, which are believed to have fewer side effects because they are prepared from edible plants, interfere with the process in the small intestine that breaks down dietary carbohydrates into monosaccharide and disaccharide derivatives, and thereby suppress increases in diet-induced blood glucose; hence, they may have clinical value for type 2 diabetes management. The Pelargonium spp. and Rhus coriaria extracts demonstrated the highest antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. Both plants may offer valuable medical benefits, especially because they can be taken as dietary supplements by patients with diabetes and can serve as sources of new, natural-based antidiabetic drug candidates. The enhancement of cellular glucose uptake stimulated by Rhus coriaria extract could lead to the development of clinical applications that regulate blood glucose levels from within the circulatory system. Isolating bioactive substances from these plant extracts and testing them in diabetic mice will significantly advance the development of natural drugs that have both antidiabetic and free radical-scavenging properties, likely with lesser side effects.

Evaluation of male infertility treatment following Rhus coriaria extract administration on rats exposed to morphine.

Morphine is the most common analgesic drug that is widely used in post-operative interventions. This drug causes free radical accumulation leading to spermatogenesis failure. Antioxidant agents like Sumach (Rhus coriaria) neutralize cellular free radicals. In this study, the properties of antioxidative, modulative of inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic genes following Sumach extract administration on morphine-induced fertility destruction in male Wistar rats was evaluated. Sixty-four animals were grouped (n = 8) including; 1: control, 2: morphine, 3-5: Sumach (200, 400, 800mg/kg), and 6-8: morphine + Sumach. Hydroalcoholic extract of Sumach seeds was prepared. Treatments with Sumach extract were applied orally and intraperitoneally daily for 8weeks. The P53, Bcl2 and caspase-3 genes expression were measured by real-time PCR. Cytokines involved in inflammation were evaluated by ELISA. Sperm parameters, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), testosterone, and germinal layer height (GLH) were assessed. All parameters (investigated in this study) in Morphine group reduced significantly than the control group (P ˂ 0.01) (except P53 and caspase-3 genes expression and inflammatory cytokine which were improved). All factors in Sumach and Sumach + Morphine groups were significantly enhanced compared to the Morphine group (P ˂ 0.01) (except P53 and caspase-3 genes expression and inflammatory cytokine which were declined). Morphine disrupted the physiological function of male fertility system. Besides, all doses of Sumach showed no therapeutic changes compared to the control group. Sumach with anti-infertility features compensates the toxic effect of Morphine administration.

Green synthesis of the magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle using Rhus coriaria extract: a reusable catalyst for efficient synthesis of some new 2-naphthol bis-Betti bases

In this investigation, the extract of Rhus coriaria utilized for preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticle using a green approach. This method is clean, non-toxic and eco-friendly. The green synthesized nano-catalyst was described by means of SEM, EDX, elemental-mapping point exploration, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, and UV-Vis analysis methods. The biosynthesized magnetite nanoparticles are affordable and reusable. Accordingly, this allows Fe3O4 nanoparticle catalyst to be utilized in the synthesizing of some new 2-naphthol bis-Betti bases by condensation of substituted aromatic aldehydes, 2-naphthol and p-phenylenediamine by one-pot process reaction. The products have been described using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass-spectral data. In vitro anti-bacterial and anti-fungi evaluation of bis Betti bases were achieved against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strain by means of the well diffusion method. It has been observed that some of these bis Betti bases possess potent anti-bacterial characteristics against these bacteria.

Rhus coriaria (sumac) extract reduces migration capacity of uterus cervix cancer cells

Uterus cervix cancer is one of the most common malignant gynecological tumors in women globally. Its standard treatment includes radiotherapy and chemotherapy are considered highly toxic, expensive and exhaustive for patients. Medicinal plants became increasingly a better and a safer alternative therapeutic approach. Rhus coriaria L., Anacardiaceae, is a medicinal plant whose anti-cancer effect has been explored in few cancer types including breast and colorectal cancer. However, its effect on uterus cervix cancer is still unknown. In this study, we showed that non-cytotoxic concentrations of R. coriaria reduces uterus cervix cell migration capacity. We have also found that R. coriaria has a growth inhibitory effect on cervical cancer cells in a time- and a concentration-dependent manner. We have carried out a phytochemical compound analysis of R. coriaria extract using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method in order to identify bioactive compounds in R. coriaria extract that could potentially induce its anti-cancer effects. Our results are promising to involve R. coriaria as a therapeutic drug candidate for uterus cervix cancer.

Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Lyophilized Hydrophilic Extract of Rhus coriaria on Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Activity, Wound Healing, and Microbial Infections of Skin Wound Tissues.

Impaired wound healing was mainly associated with severe microbial infections which significantly affect diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Thus, in this study, the potential wound healing activity, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity of an aqueous extract of Rhus coriaria extract (AERc) were evaluated by wound contraction, scar formation, period of epithelization, MPO enzyme activity, collagenase-2 (MMP-8), hydroxyproline (HPX), and collagen deposition as markers of wound healing at different days of postwound. Phytoconstituents, microbial activity, and fibrogenic markers were screened by HPLC, disc-diffusion, and colorimetric assays. The animals were treated with Rhus coriaria extract (AERc) concentrations at doses of 5 mg.kg−1and 10 mg.kg−1, respectively. On days 6 and 9, the AERc-treated animals at doses of 5 mg.mL−1 and 10 mg.mL−1 exhibited a significant reduction in the wound area, increased deposition of collagen, HPX, and reduction in MMP-8, and MPO enzyme activity when compared with controls. Scar formation and epithelization were completed in 10 days compared to controls. In addition, in wounds infected separately with Staph. aureus or P. aeruginosa, the AERc extract significantly improved wound contraction, deposition of collagen, and HPx and reduced MMP-8 and MPO concentrations, with complete epithelization of wounds in 10-13 days compared to the saline-treated group. Hydrolyzable tannins, gallic acid, quercetin, and myricetin were the most common active components of AERc. In vitro, the AERc and its components were effective against a set of microbes especially Staph. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and Staph. aureus (MRSA). In conclusion, the results showed that antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity of Rhus coriaria extract suggested its importance as a target for formulation of novel drugs against many microbial infections with minimal side effects and could play a good potential role in accelerating wound healing activity via promoting myofibroblast activity, increase of hydroxyproline and collagen deposition, and regulation of MMP-8 and MPO enzyme activities.

Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Rhus coriaria Extract in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Optic Neuropathy.

Modulating oxidative stresses and inflammation can potentially prevent or alleviate the pathological conditions of diseases associated with the nervous system, including ischemic optic neuropathy. In this study we evaluated the anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activities of Rhus coriaria (R. coriaria) extract in vivo. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for DPPH, ABTS and β–carotene were 6.79 ± 0.009 µg/mL, 10.94 ± 0.09 µg/mL, and 6.25 ± 0.06 µg/mL, respectively. Retinal ischemia was induced by optic nerve crush injury in albino Balb/c mice. The anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of R. coriaria (ERC) and linoleic acid (LA) on ocular ischemia was monitored using Fluorescence Molecular Tomography (FMT). Following optic nerve crush injury, the mice treated with 400 mg/kg of ERC and LA exhibited an 84.87% and 86.71% reduction of fluorescent signal (cathepsin activity) respectively. The results of this study provide strong scientific evidence for the neuroprotective activity of the ERC, identifying LA as one of the main components responsible for the effect. ERC may be useful and worthy of further development for its adjunctive utilization in the treatment of optic neuropathy.

Effect of Rhus coriaria extract on wound healing potential in Sprague Dawley rats

Background and objective: Rhus coriaria, a well-known spice grown in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, commonly known in the Middle East Region by (Sumac), is reported to enclose many medical benefits. This study assessed the effects of topical application of Rhus coriaria extract on the rate of wound closure, the Hydroxyproline (HXP) and Nitric Oxide (NO) levels were measured using the healed skin tissue homogenate the elemental composition of the plant was screened. Methods: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were topically treated with 0.2 mL of the vehicle (gum accacia), Intrasite gel (positive control), 100 and 200 mg/kg of Rhus coriaria extract. Results: Wounds dressed with the extract and Intrasite gel healed significantly earlier than those with the vehicle. The high content of HXP and NO proves that the effect of Rhus coriaria extract on an excision wound model was significantly higher than that of the vehicle itself. The highest mineral contents were in Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and the extract was rich in energy content. Conclusion: The current study concluded that Rhus coriaria showed high potential in wound healing activity.

Rhus coriaria increases protein ubiquitination, proteasomal degradation and triggers non-canonical Beclin-1-independent autophagy and apoptotic cell death in colon cancer cells

Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Here, we investigated the anticancer effect of Rhus coriaria extract (RCE) on HT-29 and Caco-2 human colorectal cancer cells. We found that RCE significantly inhibited the viability and colony growth of colon cancer cells. Moreover, RCE induced Beclin-1-independent autophagy and subsequent caspase-7-dependent apoptosis. Blocking of autophagy by chloroquine significantly reduced RCE-induced cell death, while blocking of apoptosis had no effect on RCE-induced cell death. Mechanistically, RCE inactivated the AKT/mTOR pathway by promoting the proteasome-dependent degradation of both proteins. Strikingly, we also found that RCE targeted Beclin-1, p53 and procaspase-3 to degradation. Proteasome inhibition by MG-132 not only restored these proteins to level comparable to control cells, but also reduced RCE-induced cell death and blocked the activation of autophagy and apoptosis. The proteasomal degradation of mTOR, which occurred only 3 hours post-RCE treatment was concomitant with an overall increase in the level of ubiquitinated proteins and translated stimulation of proteolysis by the proteasome. Our findings demonstrate that Rhus coriaria possesses strong anti-colon cancer activity through stimulation of proteolysis as well as induction of autophagic and apoptotic cell death, making it a potential and valuable source of novel therapeutic cancer drug.

Quality Characteristics of Wholemeal Flour and Bread from Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L subsp. durum Desf.) after Field Treatment with Plant Water Extracts.

The use of selected plant water extracts to control pests and weeds is gaining growing attention in organic and sustainable agriculture, but the effects that such extracts may exert on the quality aspects of durum wheat are still unexplored. In 2014, 5 plant water extracts (Artemisia arborescens, Euphorbia characias, Rhus coriaria, Thymus vulgaris, Lantana camara) were prepared and distributed on durum wheat cv Valbelice to evaluate their potential herbicidal effects. After crop harvesting, the major physicochemical and technological parameters of wholemeal flours obtained from each treatment were measured and compared with those from chemical weeding and untreated controls. A baking test was also performed to evaluate the breadmaking quality. In wholemeal flours obtained after the treatment with plant extracts protein and dry gluten content were higher than in control and chemical weeding. Wholemeal flours obtained after chemical weeding reached the highest Mixograph parameters, and that from durum wheat treated with R. coriaria extract demonstrated a very high α-amylase activity. We concluded that the treatments with plant water extracts may influence many quality traits of durum wheat. This occurrence must be taken into account in overall decisions concerning the use of plant extracts in pest and weed management practice.

In vitro analysis of Rhus coriaria extract interaction with demineralized dentin matrix

In vitro analysis of Rhus coriaria extract interaction with demineralized dentin matrix

English

The antimicrobial activities of 56 Palestinian medicinal plants against etiologic agents of acne vulgaris, mainly Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus was studied using disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. The results from the disc diffusion method demonstrated that these plants differ significantly in their activity against the studied microorganisms. The most active plants against all bacterial strains were Rhus coriaria, Ricinus communis, and Sarcopoterium spinosum. Test microorganisms differed significantly in relation to their susceptibility to different plant extracts used. Generally, anaerobic bacteria were more susceptible to plant extracts than aerobic bacteria. Those plants which could inhibit the growth of P. acnes, R. coriaria, R. communis, and S. spinosum had strong inhibitory effects. 43 plants could inhibit the growth of all aerobic bacteria. Based on a broth dilution method, the R. coriaria extract had the greatest antimicrobial effect against P. acnes (MIC 6 mg/ml, MBC 6 mg/ml), S. aureus (MIC 4 mg/ml, MBC 6 mg/ml), E. coli (MIC 6 mg/ml, MBC 8 mg/ml) and P. aeruginosa (4 and 6 mg/ml). Taken together, our data indicate that R. coriaria, R. communis had a strong inhibitory effect on P. acnes and most other test bacteria. Therefore, the two plants would be an interesting topic for further study and possibly for an alternative treatment for acne.   Key words: Acne, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, Echerichia coli,Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, antimicrobial activity.

English

The potential role of methanolic extract of Rhus coriaria L. on hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and lipid peroxidation (LPO) was studied in type 2 diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 100 mg/kg) to 2 days old rat pups. R. coriaria (200 and 400 mg/kg) was administered orally once a day for 5 weeks after the animals were confirmed diabetic (that is, 90 days after STZ injection). A group of citrate control rats were also maintained which has received citrate buffer on the 2nd day of their birth. Administration of R. coriaria extract showed a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in blood glucose and tissue MDA levels as compared to type 2 diabetic control rats. The levels of total cholesterol (TCh), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoproteins cholesterol VLDL-C were also significantly (P < 0.001) decreased by R. coriaria treatment when compared with type 2 diabetic control rats. In contrast the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly (P < 0.001) increased after treatment with R. coriaria extract when compared with type 2 diabetic control rats. These results revealed that R. coriaria possesses significant antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activity along with potent antioxidant potential in type 2 diabetic mellitus.   Key words: Antidyslipidemic, antihyperglycemic, diabetes mellitus, Rhus coriaria, streptozotocin.