Core Training Program Research Articles

FP6.1 - Core Surgical Training in Northern Ireland: Regional Compliance with Quality Indicators

Abstract Aims Standards for training programmes are set by the GMC, with the Joint Committee for Surgical Training developing a curriculum and quality indicators (QIs) specific to Core Surgical Training. To ensure local training fits within these guidelines, placement quality is evaluated by NIMDTA, using specialty specific surveys sent to all Core Trainees in the region. Methods A survey, related to their current post, was sent to all Core Trainees in Northern Ireland. The responses were collated and cross-referenced against the 14 generic QIs for Core Surgery in order to assess compliance with published standards. Results Response rate from trainees was 70%. Compliance with the quality indicators was generally poor; 24% of trainees reported receiving the recommended 2 hours per week of formal teaching, 59% were able to complete a quality improvement project, 83% of trainees completed a learning agreement within the recommended 6 weeks from post commencement, 21% reported adequate exposure to simulation training and only 11% reported attending the expected one or more MDT meetings per week. Conclusions The level of adherence to the QIs for core surgery in Northern Ireland could be significantly improved. Despite some themes achieving a majority response in line with the QIs, overall alignment is poor. Subsequently we have developed key recommendations for focused improvement in the local Core Training programme in NI in an effort to better align our training with the JCST QI framework. A further survey will be conducted to assess the effect of these recommendations on compliance with JCST QIs.

Maximizing the performance of badminton athletes through core strength training: Unlocking their full potential using machine learning (ML) modeling

Core strength training plays an essential role in maximizing performance for badminton athletes. The core muscles in the abdominal, back, and hip regions provide stability, enable efficient power transfer between the upper and lower body, and allow for rapid changes in direction - all crucial components for success in badminton. However, optimizing core training requires an understanding of its impact on sport-specific skills. A variety of exercises targeting the abdominal, back, and hip muscles are discussed. Incorporating core strength training into regular regimens can improve athletes' overall strength, endurance, balance, control, and prevent injuries. This study investigates the effects of various core exercises on stability, agility, and power in badminton players. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to explore the biomechanical demands of badminton and how core musculature contributes to movements like serving, smashing, and lunging. Studies assessing the effects of core training programs in related racquet sports were also examined. The results indicate that targeted core exercises significantly improve athletes' stability, agility, and power output. Exercises targeting the abdominal, back, and hip muscles enhance performance capabilities while reducing injury risk. Machine learning (ML) techniques are then applied to further analyze the relationship between core training and athletic performance. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is developed using a dataset of athletes' training histories, metrics, and injury profiles. The model predicts enhancements to stability, agility, and strength from optimized core strengthening routines. Validation confirms the network accurately captures the complex interactions between training variables and physical attributes. This integrated approach provides evidence-based guidelines for tailoring individualized training regimens to unleash players' full abilities. ANNs hold promise for analyzing large datasets on athletes' performance metrics, training variables, and injury histories to design personalized training programs. Linear regression analysis confirmed the ANN's accurate predictions. The findings emphasize integrating data-driven core strength training tailored for badminton into comprehensive programs can help optimize physical abilities and elevate performance levels.

The Response of the Amputee Athlete Heart to Chronic Core Exercise: A Study on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters, and N-Terminal Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide.

Background and Objectives: mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular causes are frequently experienced in amputees. Research on the effects of chronic exercise on biomarkers and cardiac damage indicators in these individuals is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a core training program on brain natriuretic-related peptide, as well as hematological and biochemical parameters in amputee soccer players. Materials and Methods: The participants were randomly allocated to the following two groups: a core exercise group (CEG) and a control group (CG). While the CG continued routine soccer training, the CEG group was included in a core exercise program different from this group. During the study, routine hemogram parameters of the participants, various biochemical markers, and the concentration of brain natriuretic-related peptide (NT-pro-BNP) were analyzed. Results: after the training period, notable improvements in various hematological parameters were observed in both groups. In the CEG, there were significant enhancements in red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values. Similarly, the CG also showed substantial improvements in RBC, HCT, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), MCHC, MCH, red cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLCR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW). Moreover, in the CEG, serum triglycerides (TG) and maximal oxygen uptake (MaxVO2) exhibited significant increases. Conversely, TG levels decreased in the CG, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and MaxVO2 levels demonstrated substantial elevations. Notably, the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels did not undergo significant changes in either the CEG or the CG following the core exercise program (p > 0.05). However, in the CEG, a meaningful positive correlation was observed between NT-pro-BNP and creatine kinase (CK) levels before and after the core exercise program. Conclusions: the findings emphasized the potential benefits of core training in enhancing specific physiological aspects, such as erythrocyte-related parameters and lipid metabolism, as well as aerobic capacity. Furthermore, the observed correlation between NT-pro-BNP and CK levels in the CEG provides intriguing insights into the unique physiological adaptations of amputee athletes.

Core training for pain management and functional improvement in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To investigate the effects of core strengthening exercises on pain, mobility, and lower extremity muscle strength in patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFP). Six databases were searched from inception until August 11, 2023. Pain, function and muscle strength related outcomes were extracted and the quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale and the level of evidence was assessed using the GRADE. Nineteen studies involving 1138 patients were included. Very low-grade evidence supported the short-term pain-relieving effect of core training (SMD = -0.60 95% CI [-0.95, -0.25]), high-grade evidence supported the short-term functional improvement effects of core training (WMD = 3.61 95% CI [1.44, 5.78]), which was similarly significant within 3-12 months of follow-up. The results of the subgroup analyses suggested that hip-knee training was most advantageous in relieving pain and enhancing motor function. Although training that includes trunk core is clearly superior to knee strengthening alone, the effectiveness of hip-knee training, which is also a core training program for pain and function, is more pronounced. The available evidence supports that hip-knee training is the most valuable treatment option for patients with PFP.

Improving Skills and Knowledge: Adapting a Core Competencies Suicide Risk Assessment Training Program to Support Mental Health Professionals in Hungary

Introduction Competency and skill-based education and assessment have become increasingly significant in mental health professional training. The conventional approach of acquiring knowledge is now being supplemented by emphasizing practical skills and implementing best practices that prove effective in the field. This emphasis on competencies is particularly apparent in the instruction regarding suicide risk evaluation and management. Cramer and colleagues have identified ten core competencies essential for working with patients at risk of suicide and developed a training material (Cramer et al. 2013, Train. Educ. Prof. Psychol; 1 1-11).Objectives We aim to tailor Cramer et al.’s training program to the Hungarian setting and assess its efficacy among mental health experts, including psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and social workers. Additionally, we aim to validate the Suicide Prevention and Assessment - Competency Assessment Form (SCAF-R), which comprises a ten-item survey to measure the ten core competencies’ levels with Likert scales and textual ratings by observers. Through this training program, we aim to offer mental health professionals an educational framework to enhance their skills in evaluating and managing suicide risk. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive approach to suicide risk assessment and better equip professionals to handle this emotionally difficult clinical task.Methods We have created a Hungarian version of the core competencies training material tailored to the culture. We are assessing changes in attitudes towards suicide behavior and prevention by administering pre- and post-training psychometric measures, such as Willingness to Intervene against Suicide (WISE), Suicide Behavior Attitude Questionnaire (SBAQ), Attitudes Toward Suicide Prevention Scale (ASP), and Suicide Competency Assessment Form - Revised (SCAF-R). A quantitative analysis will be performed on the responses. The research was approved by Péterfy Hospital’s Institutional Review Board (IRB): approval number 07-2023.ResultsThe questionnaires’ results will be summarized with standard statistical methods.ConclusionsImproving mental health education in healthcare with up-to-date knowledge of evidence-based best practices is a top priority. Enhancing skills and knowledge can lower clinicians’ anxiety in this emotionally challenging and burdensome task. There is a high demand for mental health workshop training among healthcare workers in both undergraduate and post-graduate education. We expect positive changes in attitude and self-perceived competencies in participants.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Comparative Effects of Core Neuromuscular Training versus Conservative Physical Therapy to Reduce Pain and Improve Functional Performance in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Running, stair climbing, jumping and squatting represent a few of the activities that can cause patellofemoral pain syndrome. Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most typical causes of anterior knee discomfort in teenagers and persons below Sixty. Objective: To contrast the results of conservative physical treatment plus core neuromuscular training and conservative physical therapy alone. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study in which patients suffering from patellofemoral pain syndrome were selected on the basis of convenience sampling from Government hospitals of Faisalabad after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome were divided into Group A and Group B at random. Participants of Group A performed neuromuscular core training plus conservative physical therapy exercise program for 4 weeks while participants of group B performed conservative physical therapy exercise alone for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 27.0. Results: Following therapy, the pain level was substantially reduced in both of the groups (P < 0.05) with Intervention group showing better results. Similarly, there was improvement in scores of Kujala questionnaire in both groups after treatment (P< 0.05) but the results of Intervention group were comparatively better. Conclusions: There is significant effect of core neuromuscular training plus conservative physical therapy as compared to conservative physical therapy alone.

The Effect of Core Strength Training on Free Throw and Vertical Jump Performance in Basketball

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of core training on free throw and vertical jump performance in basketball. The study sample consisted of 18 female basketball players with an average age of 11.36 ± .505 years who had been playing basketball for 2 years and voluntarily participated in the study. The sample group was selected using the convenience sampling method, so no power analysis was performed. The athletes were randomly divided into two groups, the experimental group and the control group, with 9 athletes in each group. The average age of the experimental and control groups was 11.36 ± 0.505 years and 12 ± 0.632 years, respectively, the average height was 151.64 ± 9.124 cm and 142.45 ± 4.634 cm, respectively, and the body weight was 40.55 ± 7.461 kg and 45.55 ± 5.298 kg, respectively. While the participants in the experimental group completed the core training program twice a week for eight weeks, no training program was carried out in the control group. Participants were asked to make 10 free throws each, including before and after the test, and those who hit 10 were recorded. The t-test for independent samples was used to analyze the data (p < 0.05). As a result of the study, it was found that core training positively influenced the free throw performance of 11-13 year old basketball players (p=.017), while no statistical significance was reached for vertical jump performance (p=.351).

The Effects of a Core Stabilization Training Program on the Performance of Functional Tasks in Firefighters

The Effects of a Core Stabilization Training Program on the Performance of Functional Tasks in Firefighters

Training in basic gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) Position Statement.

This ESGE Position Statement provides structured and evidence-based guidance on the essential requirements and processes involved in training in basic gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures. The document outlines definitions; competencies required, and means to their assessment and maintenance; the structure and requirements of training programs; patient safety and medicolegal issues. 1: ESGE and ESGENA define basic endoscopic procedures as those procedures that are commonly indicated, generally accessible, and expected to be mastered (technically and cognitively) by the end of any core training program in gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2: ESGE and ESGENA consider the following as basic endoscopic procedures: diagnostic upper and lower GI endoscopy, as well as a limited range of interventions such as: tissue acquisition via cold biopsy forceps, polypectomy for lesions ≤ 10 mm, hemostasis techniques, enteral feeding tube placement, foreign body retrieval, dilation of simple esophageal strictures, and India ink tattooing of lesion location. 3: ESGE and ESGENA recommend that training in GI endoscopy should be subject to stringent formal requirements that ensure all ESGE key performance indicators (KPIs) are met. 4: Training in basic endoscopic procedures is a complex process and includes the development and acquisition of cognitive, technical/motor, and integrative skills. Therefore, ESGE and ESGENA recommend the use of validated tools to track the development of skills and assess competence. 5: ESGE and ESGENA recommend incorporating a multimodal approach to evaluating competence in basic GI endoscopic procedures, including procedural thresholds and the measurement and documentation of established ESGE KPIs. 7: ESGE and ESGENA recommend the continuous monitoring of ESGE KPIs during GI endoscopy training to ensure the trainee's maintenance of competence. 9: ESGE and ESGENA recommend that GI endoscopy training units fulfil the ESGE KPIs for endoscopy units and, furthermore, be capable of providing the dedicated personnel, infrastructure, and sufficient case volume required for successful training within a structured training program. 10: ESGE and ESGENA recommend that trainers in basic GI endoscopic procedures should be endoscopists with formal educational training in the teaching of endoscopy, which allows them to successfully and safely teach trainees.

Comprehensive Approach to Core Training in Sports Physical Therapy: Optimizing Performance and Minimizing Injuries.

This clinical commentary explores the significance of a comprehensive approach to core training in sports physical therapy, focusing on optimizing performance and minimizing injuries. The core, encompassing multiple regions from the scapula to the glutes and beyond, plays a vital role in athletic performance and injury prevention. The commentary provides a thorough understanding of the various "cores" in the body, highlighting their primary functions and the importance of core stability. The commentary delves into the anatomy of the core, its primary functions, common injuries, and clinical evaluation techniques. It aims to define the role of core stability in athletic activities and discusses the prevalence and characteristics of core injuries in various sports such as baseball, basketball, football, hockey, and soccer. Furthermore, the clinical evaluation section describes subjective and objective assessments, functional testing, and special tests used to identify core injuries and determine their root causes. The author introduces a personalized dynamic core assessment to evaluate multiplanar stabilization and proposes a four-phase intervention program called the "Core Four Pyramid Principles." This program includes activation, stabilization, integration, and perturbation phases, each with specific entry criteria, goals, and targeted exercises. This commentary contributes to the body of literature by providing a comprehensive overview of core training in sports physical therapy, highlighting the significance of a systematic and evidence-based approach, and introducing the "Core Four Pyramid Principles" as a guideline for designing effective core training programs for sports therapists to optimize core function, stability and overall athletic performance while reducing the risk of injuries amongst their athletes.

Effects of Core Training on Sport-Specific Performance of Athletes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Improving athletes' performance is a major topic of interest in studies on competitive sports. Core training has been used as a training method in daily life and rehabilitation, and recently, in competitive sports, with positive results. Previous experimental studies showed that core training can improve the fitness level of athletes (e.g., balance, core stability, etc.), but offer no consistent conclusions on whether it can improve sport-specific performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of core training on the sport-specific performance of athletes through a meta-analysis. Relevant studies on randomized controlled trials were selected, and we calculated the effect size using standardized mean difference values and the random effects model. Results showed that core training had almost no effect on athletes' power and speed, while agility showed a medium effect size but no statistical significance. On the other hand, there was a large effect on general athletic performance, such as core endurance and balance. Consequently, core training had a great effect on the core endurance and balance of athletes, but little effect on sport-specific performance. This result implies that more elaborate core training programs should be designed to improve the sport-specific performance of athletes.

The Role of Core Stability and Core Muscles in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Review of Functional and Clinical Importance

Purpose: Physiotherapy and exercise training are one of the cornerstones in the treatment of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, although the effects of exercise programs and their superiority over each other have still not been determined, research on this subject is continuing in the literature day by day. Due to the pathophysiology of AS, the spine is one of the most affected areas of the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, stabilization of the lumbopelvic region and the spine, which is the reference point for the core muscles, is important for the treatment and management of this disease.
 In this review, the involvement of core muscles and core stability in patients with AS and the literature on core training programs will be discussed.

The Effect of Static and Dynamic Core Exercises on Motor Performance and Football-Specific Skills of Football Players Aged 10-12

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of static and dynamic core exercises on motor performance and football-specific skills in 10-12 year old football players. 60 football players included in the study were randomly divided into three different groups: dynamic, static and control group. Dynamic and static core group athletes were applied core training program in addition to football training, 3 days a week for 10 weeks. Athletes in the control group only continued football training. Pre and post-test measurements of motor performance and football-specific skills have been taken from athletes. Paired-Samples T test was used in the intra-group pre and post-test comparisons regarding the effect of training, and the MANOVA test was used in the intergroup analysis. It was determined that some parameters of the football-specific skill and motor performance values of the athletes a significant differences subjected to static core exercises and the athletes in the control group. A significant difference was found between the pre and post-test values of all parameters of the athletes in dynamic core group. In addition, comparisons between groups at the end of week 10 revealed statistically significant differences in favor of the dynamic core group. As a result, it can be said that additional core training has an effect on football skills and motor performance in children, especially dynamic core exercises contribute significantly to the versatile development of 12 years-old football players.

The Effects of an Eight-Week Integrated Functional Core and Plyometric Training Program on Young Rhythmic Gymnasts' Explosive Strength.

Explosive strength is essential for rhythmic gymnasts' performance. It has been suggested that core stability (CS) and plyometric training can enhance athletes' explosive strength. Nevertheless, there is some uncertainty about the effects of integrated core and plyometric training (CPT) programs on rhythmic gymnastics (RG) performances. to evaluate the effects of an integrated functional CPT program on young rhythmic gymnasts' explosive strength and jump/leap performance. We recruited 44 young (age = 10.5 ± 1.8 years old; peak height velocity, PHV = 12.2 ± 0.6 years old) female rhythmic gymnasts and randomly allocated them into a control group (CG) and an experimental group (EG). Pre and post-intervention, the explosive strength of both groups was assessed using countermovement jump (CMJ) and single-leg CMJ (SLCMJ) tests, conducted using a force platform, and expert RG judges evaluated their performance of RG-specific jumps. Before the post-test, the EG (n = 23) completed an 8 week functional CPT program based on RG technical requirements. Meanwhile, the participants in the CG (n = 21) received their regular training sessions. Linear mixed model analyses were applied to evaluate the effects of an intra-subject factor (TIME: pre-post) and an inter-subject factor (GROUP: control-experimental) on each dependent variable. When no significant interaction effect was found, Cohen's d effect size was calculated. After 8 weeks, the EG obtained significantly better results in all variables measured by the CMJ and SLCMJ (p < 0.01) tests. The judges' scores indicated greater improvements in the EG after the CPT program in the stag and the split leap. An integrated functional CPT program improved explosive strength in a group of young rhythmic gymnasts and had a large impact on aspects of RG-specific performance. Coaches should consider using this CPT to improve RG performance.

Core training and performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

The purposes were to synthesize as much scientific evidence as possible to determine the effect of core training on balance, throwing/hitting velocity or distance, and jumping in healthy subjects, identify the possible differences between isolated and combined core training on performance and study training and sample variables related to performance. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and a systematic search was performed in the Scopus, Web of Science, Sports Discuss, and PubMed databases with no date restrictions until November 2022. The studies were considered for this meta-analysis following PICO; a) randomized control trials and randomized allocation studies with healthy subjects and > 12 years old b)isolated or combined core training programs with a minimum of 4 weeks in length; c) athletic performance outcomes for balance, throw/hit, and jump variables should be measured; d) sufficient data to calculate effect sizes. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach were used for assessing methodological quality. A total of 3223 studies were identified, 22 studies were included in the systematic review and 21 for the meta-analysis. We observed that core training improved balance outcomes (ES = 1.17; p < 0.0001), throwing/hitting velocity (ES = 0.30; p = 0.14), throwing/hitting distance (ES = 3.42; p = 0.03), vertical jumping (ES = 0.69; p = 0.0003), and horizontal jump (ES = 0.84; p = 0.01). Our findings indicate that core training improved different variables of performance such as balance, throw/hit, and vertical and horizontal jump.

The Effect of Core Training on Agility, Explosive Strength and Balance in Young Female Volleyball Players

The present study aimed to determine the effect of core training on agility, explosive strength and balance in young female volleyball players. 20 young female volleyball players volunteered to participate in the study. Vertical jump, counter movement jump, pro-agility and dynamic balance tests were applied to all volleyball players before and after the core-training program. The athletes were selected randomly and divided into two groups as study group (n=10) and control group (n=10). The study group performed core exercises added to the beginning of the training sessions for 8 weeks (3days/week) in addition to volleyball training. The control group, on the other hand, continued volleyball training alone. At the end of 8 weeks, the tests applied in the pre-test were repeated and analyzed for all participants in order to determine the effect of core training on agility, explosive strength and balance parameters. In the statistical analysis of the study, Kurtosis-Skewness test was used to determine the normal distribution of the data. Mixed Anova and two-independent independent-samples t-test were used to make in-group and between-group comparisons. During the study, the level of significance was accepted as 0.05. A statistically significant difference was found in the balance precision index, static vertical jump (cm), counter movement jump (cm) and pro-agility agility test (sec) parameters when comparing the study and control groups. As a result, core exercises performed in addition to volleyball training appear to have a positive effect on agility, explosive strength and balance performances.

Experiential Learning Methods for Biostatistics Students: A Model for Embedding Student Interns in Academic Health Centers.

This manuscript describes an experiential learning program for future collaborative biostatisticians (CBs) developed within an academic medical center. The program is a collaborative effort between the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design (BERD) Methods Core and the Master of Biostatistics (MB) program, both housed in the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics at Duke University School of Medicine and supported in partnership with the Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute. To date, the BERD Core Training and Internship Program (BCTIP) has formally trained over 80 students to work on collaborative teams that are integrated throughout the Duke School of Medicine. This manuscript focuses on the setting for the training program, the experiential learning model on which it is based, the structure of the program, and lessons learned to date.

IMPACTO DO TREINO DE FORÇA NO CORE EM JOVENS PRATICANTES DE ARREMESSO DE DARDOS

ABSTRACT Introduction Recent research on core strength training of young athletes is vague and inconclusive. The lack of complete understanding about the relevance of core training programs still keeps some coaches wary in their training practice. Objective Explore the impact of core strength training on young athletes’ physical fitness and sports ability. Methods Young athletes on the javelin throwing team underwent a bi-weekly core strengthening protocol for 16 weeks. Biomechanical changes were acquired by biomechanical kinematic analysis, and index data were worked out statistically. Results Core strength training developed the latissimus dorsi, external oblique muscles, erector spine, and hip extensor muscles of athletes and improved stability in spine motion (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion Core strength training significantly affects developing specific skills in darts-throwing athletes. The training has been shown to increase athletes’ interest in the sport. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies – Investigating the results.

Core surgical training: The influence of time and date on interview outcome

IntroductionCore Surgical Training has become increasingly competitive over the last 5 years with the competition ratio reaching 4.16 in 2021 compared to 2.31 in 2015. This is thought to be due to two key factors: a large yearly increase in the number of applicants and an unchanging number of jobs. Steps are taken by HEE to ensure the process is as standardised and fair as possible. Interview date and time selection remains the only aspect of the process that candidates currently control. We aim to explore whether time and date of an interview has any impact on interview scores within CST. MethodsThis study is a national, retrospective cohort study. A freedom of information act request was submitted to HEE to acquire anonymised interview scores and date/time of interview for all CST interviews conducted for the 2022–2023 cohort. ResultsAcross the two-week period whereby interviews were held 1264 interviews were undertaken. Candidates with morning interviews had a mean score of 111 (±16) and candidates in the afternoon had a mean score of 108 (±18.5) (p = 0.023). Candidates interviewing in week 1 had a mean score of 107 (±18) and candidates interviewing in week 2 had a mean score of 112 (±16.4) (p < 0.001). DiscussionA small difference in score has a significant impact for candidates with their geographical location, specialty choice or event enrolment in the core training programme potentially impacted. It is therefore imperative that these findings receive further evaluation going forward to ensure the process is fair and robust for all participants

Effects of the Core Training Program on Functional Movement Screen, Skill Performance, Competitive State Anxiety, and Trait Sport-Confidence of College Football Players

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a core training program on functional movement screen, skill performance, competitive state anxiety, and trait sport confidence of college football players.METHODS College football players were divided into core training (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;=25) and control (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;=16) groups. Core training was conducted for a total of 12 weeks of 2 sessions per week with 50 minutes per session. Pre, mid (6 weeks), and post (12 weeks) tests measured functional movements, and skill performance such as dribbling, agility, speed, momentum and competitive state anxiety, trait sport-confidence. For analysis of study results, descriptive statistics, and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures were used.RESULTS The study results showed overall improvements for the core training group in functional movement test scores, skill performance, and competitive state anxiety, trait sport-confidence. In addition, the core training group also showed significant improvement in the total factors, except for hurdle step, and rotary stability.CONCLUSION In conclusion, data shows a core training program improves functional movement screen scores, skill performance, competitive state anxiety, and trait sport-confidence of college football players.