Core Meaning Research Articles

On Astronomical Materials in Buddhist Scriptures

There are many foreign astronomical materials that were preserved in the Chinese translation of Buddhist canons. From the content, these astronomical materials include cosmology theories, lunar mansion systems, calendrical data, etc. These astronomical materials are important evidence for the exchange and dissemination of astronomy between ancient civilizations. This paper aims to sort out and analyze the astronomical materials preserved in the Chinese translation of Buddhist canons, classifying and differentiating the content of astronomy, which was foreign to China, tracing the origins of these astronomical knowledge, discussing their impact on local astronomy in China, and evaluating the preservation form, characteristics, reliability, functionality, and limitations of these astronomical materials. Through the above discussion, this paper will demonstrate the core meaning of the historical view of transcultural transmission of sciences and technology, which is ‘knowledge progresses through dissemination and civilization thrives through communication’.

Some or Other: Partitive Disanaphors Across Languages

Abstract We present a cross-linguistically robust pattern of polyfunctionality between indefinite, partitive, and disanaphoric (‘another’) use of a single lexical item. In examining the connection between these different uses, we argue that a uniform semantics underlies all of them. We employ the salience theory of definiteness, with the specific implementation in a dynamic semantics with choice functions, to model the full spectrum of the attested uses without invoking implicit variables. The core meaning is the partitive implication, whereas the indefinite and the discourse-familiar disanaphoric readings are underspecified in the semantics and are argued to be additional construals conditioned by discourse factors. The partitive meaning, however, is shown itself to be subject to variable pragmatic packaging across languages, from being a part of the truth conditions to a postsupposition.

Study of the Characteristics and Functions Astrocytes of the Nervous System

Astrocytes are glial cells located in the central nervous system, that is, in the brain and spinal cord. Like the rest of the glia, astrocytes play supporting roles concerning neurons, the main cells of the nervous system from a functional point of view. Astrocytes are formed from cells of the ectoderm, the layer of the embryonic disc from which the nervous system and epidermis arise, during the organism's early development. Like most glia, astrocytes start from undifferentiated cells similar to those that give rise to neurons. This article aims to relate the characteristics and functions of astrocytes in the brain nutrition function, in the memory and learning process of stroke. Concerned with outlining a public profile of quality research in the area, we sought to answer these questions based on a literature review in the main journals in the area (national and international) classified by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). To complement this analysis with other types of documents such as books, scientific journals, documents, and digital platforms, the following analysis steps were followed: (1) exhaustive reading of each article aiming at a global understanding and discovery of the approach used by its authors; (2) identification of the central ideas of each article; (3) classification of the ideas around core meanings; (4) comparison between the different core meanings present in the articles studied; (5) classification of the core meanings into broader axes (themes) around which the authors' discussions revolved; and (6) writing of interpretative summaries of each theme. After analyzing the content of the articles, we sought to establish a dialogue between the themes found and the literature that served as a basis for introducing the present study.

Downgrading commitment: The final particle ba in complying responses to directives in Mandarin Chinese conversation

Mandarin Chinese is a particle-rich language. Using conversation analysis as its research method, the present study examines one of the Mandarin final particles, namely the particle ba, and illustrates its interactional imports in complying responses to three types of directive actions including requests, suggestions, and proposals. It is argued that the particle ba serves as a conversational resource that is employed at the end of compliance tokens like hao or xing (good or okay) to modify or, to put it more specifically, downgrade its speaker’s commitment. By indicating the reserved or downgraded commitment in an off-record way, participants show their orientation to preserving and maintaining social solidarity. This study contributes to the understanding of commitment in social interaction, especially in responsive actions. Together with other conversation analytic studies on the particle ba, this study also contributes to the understanding of the core meaning and function of the particle ba as a conversational object.

Homonymy in the Persian Word dast

Abstract Proto-Indo-Iranian is envisaged to have had the form *jhasta denoting hand and the root *dans meaning to become skillful, to instruct, to teach. Previous studies have shown that these two forms have surfaced as homophones (both in the form of dast) during the Middle Iranian period, each with distinct meanings during that time. In this article, the authors have tried to explore the semantics of dast in Contemporary Persian through a meticulous examination of classical and contemporary texts. This analysis revealed that Contemporary Persian dast is a case of homonymy, with meanings clustered around two core concepts: hand and skill, power, probability. The article proposes that these dual core meanings may have originated from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dans and *ȷ́ʰasta, two semantically distinct elements, giving rise to an instance of homonymity through historical phonological processes.

Semantics and Micro-Parametric Variation: The Simple Future in Ibero-Romance

Cross-linguistic variation in future-tense sentences has been extensively documented in the literature. Despite this diversity, there is a prevailing sense that a common core meaning exists and that the various interpretations in each language are connected. To account for both the similarities and the differences, Escandell-Vidal proposes that the meaning encoded by verbal tenses can be analysed into two components: i) core meaning; and ii) semantic micro-parameters (additional fine-grained constraints on specific categories of the core meaning that account for subtle differences between related languages or dialects). The purpose of this paper is twofold. On the descriptive side, it aims to refine the approach in terms of microparametric distinctions by suggesting some modifications. On the theoretical side, it seeks to offer a simpler and more powerful tool to account for interlinguistic variation by restricting its range to a limited set of predictable combinations.

Parents’ perceptions of the safe environment for every kid (SEEK) model in the Swedish child health services

BackgroundThe Safe Environment for Every Kid (SEEK) model was developed to address psychosocial risk factors (financial worries, depressive symptoms, major parental stress, alcohol misuse and intimate partner violence) in the pediatric primary care setting but has not been evaluated from the parents’ perspective. To further investigate the usefulness of SEEK, it is important to explore how parents perceive the model.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to explore parents’ perceptions of the SEEK model as a part of regular health visits in the Child Health Services in Sweden.Participants and settingEighteen parents (13 women and five men) in two Swedish counties participated in the study.MethodsSemi-structured telephone interviews were conducted, and the resulting data were analyzed using reflective thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified: Acceptance and understanding of the SEEK model in the child health services, The questionnaire as a bridge to a dialogue, and Feeling trust in the system and the child health nurse’s professional competence. Further, an overarching theme was created that encompassed a core meaning of all three themes; SEEK provides a process-oriented framework to receive support in parenting with a focus on child health.ConclusionsThe study showed that parents express both acceptance and understanding of the SEEK model and they perceive that the model provides an avenue for repeated dialogues about the family’s situation during the child’s upbringing and an opportunity to access support if needed.

Adult attachment and love psychological stress among college students: the mediating role of core self-evaluation and the moderating role of meaning in life

BackgroundWith college students going into dating relationships, dating partners become their new attachment figures. We aimed to investigate the relationship between adult attachment, and love psychological stress among college students, which also explored the roles of core self-evaluation and meaning in life.MethodsWe conducted a questionnaire survey on 813 college students using the adult attachment scale, core self-evaluation scale, meaning in life scale, and love psychological stress scale. We constructed a moderated mediation model to analyze the relationship between adult attachment and love psychological stress, as well as the mediating effect of core self-evaluation and the moderating effect of meaning in life.ResultsThe results showed that after controlling for single parent or not, adult attachment significantly negatively predicted love psychological stress of college students. Core self-evaluation partially mediated the relationship between adult attachment and love psychological stress of college students. The second half of the mediation model was moderated by meaning in life, that is, with the increase of meaning in life, the negative predictive effect of core self-evaluation on love psychological stress of college students gradually strengthened. The findings of this study demonstrate the detrimental impact of adult attachment on love psychological stress of college students, as well as the mediating core self-evaluation and the moderating role of meaning in life.ConclusionsThe mediating and moderating effect of adult attachment between love psychological stress, as well as the mediating effect of core self-evaluation and the moderating effect of meaning in life were confirmed. Overall, promoting the healthy development of adult attachment and helping them shape a positive meaning in life can enhance individuals’ core self-evaluation, thus alleviating love psychological stress among college students. It can also provide references for mental health education in colleges and universities.

A study of the core semantic features of the radical “zou走” in Chinese characters

This study focuses on Chinese characters with the radical “ zou 走,” positing that specific semantic features among zou’s semantic features play a central role in their core meanings. The objective is to elucidate the core semantic features observed within the group of characters incorporating zou as a radical. According to the findings, characters with the zou radical can primarily be categorized into two semantic fields: “motion” and “movement,” with a total of 17 related semantic items identified. These generated semantic items appear to differentiate each meaning item due to factors of focus, akin to creating a new lexicon. The core semantic features were derived as [ + Motion][ + Action][+Tool (feet)]. Thus, it is discernible that characters with the zou radical are all related to actions involving feet, indicating motion.

Enhancing Lyrics Rewriting with Weak Supervision from Grammatical Error Correction Pre-training and Reference Knowledge Fusion

Lyric rewriting involves taking the original lyrics of a song and creatively rephrasing them while preserving their core meaning and emotional essence. Sequence-to-sequence methods often face the problem of lack of annotated corpus and difficulty in understanding lyrics when dealing with the lyrics rewriting task. Inspired by the language rewriting technique - grammatical error correction (GEC) and sequence-to-sequence generation technique - neural machine translation (NMT) methods, we propose novel self-supervised learning methods that can effectively solve the problem of the lack of lyrics rewriting corpus. In addition, we also propose a new pre-trained DAE Transformer model with data prior knowledge fusion to enhance the lyrics rewriting ability. The reference-as-context model (RaC-Large) constructed by us based on these two methods achieves the best results in comparison with the baseline including large language models, fully verifying the effectiveness of the new method. We also validate the effectiveness of our approach on GEC and NMT tasks, further demonstrating the potential of our approach on a broad range of sequence-to-sequence tasks.

On the scalarity of nu‐V constructions in Taiwan Mandarin

AbstractThis paper investigates three puzzles concerning scalar nu‐V constructions in Taiwan Mandarin: (a) a scalar nu‐V construction is incompatible with state/achievement verbs, irrespective of the presence of a quantity phrase; (b) when combined with activity verbs, the inclusion of a quantity phrase appears obligatory for scalar nu‐V constructions in an out‐of‐the‐blue context; (c) under appropriate contextual support, bare nouns and demonstrative phrases can replace the typically obligatory quantity phrases to form a grammatical scalar nu‐V construction with an activity verb. We argue that the solutions to these puzzles lie in three core meaning components of scalar nu‐V constructions: (a) scalar presupposition; (b) association with focus; (c) volitional requirement. Specifically, we propose that (a) scalar nu is a scalar verbal modifier that forms a verbal compound with its following verb; (b) scalar nu introduces a scalar presupposition (based on the scalar associate) and the volitional requirement in scalar nu‐V constructions. If our analysis is correct, it suggests that the scalarity of a construction may come from a verbal modifier (e.g., scalar nu) in the formation of a compound verb, thereby enhancing our understanding of the compositionality of compound verbs in natural language.

EXTENTION OF THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF MYTHONIM “ODYSSEY” IN THE ADVERTISING DISCOURSE OF ITALY 2000-2021

The object of this article is mythonyms that move into another class of proper names - pragmatonyms or verbal trademarks. The subject of the article was chosen mythonyms from the ancient Greek poem “The Odyssey” by Homer, which are widely used in modern advertising and commercial practice in Italy to name various products: furniture, interior items, clothing, jewelry, food, technical and medical equipment. The purpose of the article is to refute the generally accepted idea that the meaning of an onym (in our case, a mythonym) is impoverished during transonymization into a verbal trademark. The article identified mythonyms from the Odyssey that most often become pragmatonyms - Odysseus, Penelope, Polyphemus. As a result of their analysis, it was demonstrated that peripheral semes of meaning that are not relevant in the mythonym are actualized in the Italian advertising discourse of 2000-2021. Thus, the semantic field of the mythonym, functioning as a trade name, expands and enriches, and not vice versa. The article highlighted the following updated components of meaning: Odysseus - masculinity and freedom, Penelope - thriftiness and beauty, Polyphemus - creative force in the service of man. In the last mythonym, the core meaning of “the destructive power of the savage” completely changed the meaning to “civilizational power of creation”, and the vector of assessment changed. In this case, advertising discourse reflects the linguistic and cultural tendency that exists in Southern Italy to master and appropriate the symbolic space of Mediterranean culture not so much through the figure of Odysseus, but through the Sicilian Polyphemus. The study used a two-stage corpus analysis method: a continuous sample of product names to identify mythonyms from the Odyssey (68 product names) and a representative sample of products with the names Odysseus, Penelope, Polyphemus.

Social and Cognitive Skills (SCOPE)—a generic model for multi-professional work and education in healthcare

In this article, we present a generic model for social and cognitive skills that can be used in work and (simulation-based) education in healthcare. We combined existing non-technical skills tools into a tool that we call SCOPE. SCOPE is a model that comprises the three social categories of “teamwork”, “leading”, and “task management” as well as the two cognitive categories of “situation awareness” and “decision making”. Each category comprises between three and six elements. We formulated guiding questions for each category in an attempt to emphasize its core meaning. We developed a dynamic graphical representation of the categories that emphasize the constant changes in the relative importance of the categories over the course of a clinical or educational situation. Anecdotal evidence supports the value of the model for aligning language around social and cognitive skills across specialties and professions.

SURFUCE STRUCTURE DAN DEEP STRUCTURE MAKNA QIRADAH

This research explores the concepts of deep structure and surface structure in the context of the interpretation of the word “qiradah” based on the analysis of Noam Chomsky's theory on Surah Al-Baqarah 65. Chomsky, a linguistic expert, developed the transformative-generative theory, providing a profound understanding of language. In this theory, Chomsky emphasizes that language consists of the surface structure, which is the visible part of language, and the deep structure, which is the core meaning of language. The author employs a qualitative method, reviewing relevant prior works for this discussion. The aim is to validate the applicability of Noam Chomsky's linguistic theory in understanding language. The study reveals that language indeed has both surface and deep structures, particularly in the interpretation of the word “qiradah” in Surah Al-Baqarah 65. The surface structure signifies the physical transformation into apes that happened to the Children of Israel, while the deep structure or core meaning indicated by the word “qiradah” is the transformation of the heart and behavior resembling apes, not the physical change itself.

The Representation Of Translating Quranic Verses Based On Javanese Literature In The Form Of Tembang Macapat

The approach of Koran translation using Javanese literature needs to be represented in order to increase the potential for better acceptance of Koran translation by the Javanese community. The purpose of this study is to represent some Qur'anic verses to be translated using several types of tembang macapat, including tembang pangkur, tembang maskumambang, tembang dhandhanggula, and tembang megatruh. The method in this study uses a descriptive qualitative type of Koran verses that have been translated into Javanese based on the rules of tembang macapat, to then be analyzed using a content analysis approach to the rules in tembang macapat, as well as the suitability of the rules of guru gatra, guru lagu, and guru wilangan. The results of this research become one of the alternatives to the representation of how the Koran is translated into tembang macapat, as when translated it needs to contain a translation that does not violate the core meaning of the verse, and Javanese grammar that conforms to the level of use of krama and ngoko language, but still follows the rules of guru gatra, guru lagu, and guru wilangan in each type of tembang macapat.

Representation of Novorossiya in “Journey Across Crimea and Bessarabia in 1799” by Pavel Sumarokov

This study explores the representation of Novorossiya’s space in Pavel Sumarokov’s travelogue “Journey Across Crimea and Bessarabia in 1799” within the framework of semiotic-imagological analysis. The research’s relevance stems from the growing interest of domestic humanities in Novorossiysk issues, which exhibit certain lacunae. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of spatial imagery elements of Novorossiya, primarily limited to descriptions of the surroundings of Nikolaev, Kherson, and Odessa, areas relatively understudied in literary studies. Loci types are identified based on the opposition of “naturalness — anthropogenicity.” The natural space is predominantly portrayed as untamed, dangerous, and inhospitable steppe, contrasted with spatial images of three major Novorossiysk cities mentioned above. Common motifs of sudden (miraculous) appearance, rapid growth, and high degree of orderliness are attributed to the latter. The motif of frontierness is identified as a fundamental element characteristic of the entire Novorossiya space. It is also actualized in the analysis of Sumarokov’s representation of Novorossiya’s historical space, whose core meaning is formed by plots and personae associated with the era of Catherine II and, specifically, the Russo-Turkish wars.

Frisian and Norse Sidelights on the Form and Meaning of Proto-Germanic *hlaþanan

Abstract The Germanic verb hlaþanan, usually glossed ‘to load’, has been wrongly evaluated because of a failure to examine the material in sufficient depth as regards both phonology and semantics. The Old High German evidence indicating a regular Verner’s Law alternation in the paradigm is supplemented not only by the Gothic past participle -hlaþans* with analogical voiceless spirant but also by modern East and North Frisian data. This points to a pre-Germanic proto-form with root-final *-t (Part 1). As emerges from a study of the situation in North Germanic, a core meaning for the Germanic verb appears to have been ‘to lay something down (flat)’, from which development to ‘to stack’ and ‘to load’ is straightforward (Part 2). Potential cognates exist in Balto-Slavic, but the exact formal relationships are unclear (Part 3).

Research on Aesthetic Education in Higher Vocational Colleges based on Traditional Tea Ceremony

Tea is a traditional Chinese drink, which is not only welcomed and loved by the older generation but is also enjoyed by certain popularity in the world. From tea making and tea brewing to tea tasting in tea culture and tea etiquette, the tea ceremony with rising popularity is the subject of this study. In this regard, this study starts with the tea ceremony, hoping to find some innovative strategies for its integration into the process of aesthetic education in higher vocational colleges. This paper specifically discusses the core meaning of the traditional tea ceremony and aesthetics and points out that the tea ceremony is not only an art of life but also a cultural practice with deep philosophy. The study also points out its positive effects on higher vocational aesthetic education, including cultivating students’ consciousness of civilization and understanding of etiquette and developing students’ interests, hobbies, and specialties. Furthermore, based on the research conclusions, a series of feasible and effective practical strategies for promoting aesthetic education through tea ceremonies are proposed, hoping to provide more references for educators.

The core meaning of the three major global initiatives and the logic of global governance

In the new era, Chinese President Xi Jinping has continuously put forward the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative and the Global Civilization Initiative, which complement each other and aim to build a peaceful, prosperous and diverse world. Development is the foundation of security and civilization, and security is the premise of development and civilization. We need to build a community with a shared future for mankind based on the global development initiative, the global security initiative, and the global civilization initiative as the clarion call. The "Three Global Initiatives" have supplemented and improved western global governance theories from many aspects, demonstrated the unique understanding and practice of Chinese-style modernization, injected new impetus into the building of a more just and equitable international order, and provided new ideas and solutions for global governance.

Narrowing or in Kálmán's writings

AbstractThe paper investigates the usage of the Hungarian connective vagy ‘or’. Our starting point is Ariel & Mauri's (2018, 2019) and Ariel's (2020) papers about the use of or, where they argue that its core meaning is ‘alternativity’. Our goal is to describe Hungarian vagy ‘or’ by analyzing various corpus data, and compare the results. We examined the personal subcorpus of the Hungarian National Corpus (MNSZ2), and the Hungarian Spontaneous Speech Database (BEA). In this paper, as a tribute to the memory of László Kálmán, we investigated a third corpus that is constructed from Kálmán's very popular informative texts on Qubit.