Copyright Protection Of Images Research Articles

Logo based Image Copyright Protection using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Fuzzy Inference System

The digital revolution has resulted in explosion of knowledge. It has encouraged and motivated digitization of the intellectual artefact. This creates issues of piracy and copyright. In this paper, the authors propose a novel logo based watermarking scheme for image copyright protection using fuzzy inference system (FIS), discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and human visual system (HVS). Wavelet transform generates a hierarchical image data structure to represent an image at different resolution levels. The proposed scheme uses fuzzy inference system to adaptively insert logo watermark instead of using uniform thresholding. The weight of watermark is determined by human visual system characteristics and fuzzy inference system. The image is reconstructed by computing inverse discrete wavelet transform to get imperceptible image watermarking. The watermark is then recovered at the receiver end by applying DWT to watermarked image. General Terms Copyright Protection, Image Watermarking.

On domain selection for additive, blind image watermarking

Abstract. Recently, a variety of digital watermarking schemes have been developed for copyright protection of digital images. In robust watermarking, which is used in copyright protection, transform-based algorithms are used to ensure resilience of the watermark to common signal processing attacks. The most frequently used watermarking algorithms for additive watermark embedding involve DCT, DFT, SVD and DWT domains. In this article we verify which domain is optimal for robust, the additive watermark embedding scheme. We demonstrate that in additive watermark embedding the embedding domain plays more important role than the embedding formula.

Normalized Image Watermarking Scheme Using Chaotic System

In contemporary years, different watermarking schemes are proposed for image authentication and copyright protection. In this paper, a novel normalized image watermarking scheme along with chaotic system (NCS) for higher embedding capacity and better robustness is presented. Normalization is useful to recover the watermark even in case of geometrical attacks. Arnold cat map and logistic map allows the proposed watermarking system to remain comprehensible for non experts and become more pleasant. The proposed method overcomes the degradation problem by embedding the watermarks in visually insensitive locations. Quite a lot of experiments have been carried out to test the performance of the proposed system against different attack scenarios. The proposed method highlights security, invisibility and quality, by preserving the original image, while maintaining robustness against common signal processing operations and attacks.

Wave-atoms-based multipurpose scheme via perceptual image hashing and watermarking

This paper presents a novel multipurpose scheme for content-based image authentication and copyright protection using a perceptual image hashing and watermarking strategy based on a wave atom transform. The wave atom transform is expected to outperform other transforms because it gains sparser expansion and better representation for texture than other traditional transforms, such as wavelet and curvelet transforms. Images are decomposed into multiscale bands with a number of tilings using the wave atom transform. Perceptual hashes are then extracted from the features of tiling in the third scale band for the purpose of content-based authentication; simultaneously, part of the selected hashes are designed as watermarks, which are embedded into the original images for the purpose of copyright protection. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme shows great performance in content-based authentication by distinguishing the maliciously attacked images from the nonmaliciously attacked images. Moreover, watermarks extracted from the proposed scheme also achieve high robustness against common malicious and nonmalicious image-processing attacks, which provides excellent copyright protection for images.

스테레오 영상의 소유권 보호를 위한 워터마킹 기법

본 논문에서는 스테레오 영상의 소유권 보호를 위한 워터마킹 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 기법은 스테레오 정합을 통해서 얻어진 변위 맵에서 폐색 영역에 해당하면서 적절한 주파수 계수를 갖는 영역에 워터마크를 삽입한다. 주파수 변환 도구로는 이산 웨이블릿 변환을 사용한다. 제안한 알고리즘은 스테레오 정합, 워터마크 재배열, 워터마크 위치 선정, 그리고 워터마크 삽입 및 추출로 구성된다. 미들버리에서 제공하는 4가지 실험 영상에 대해서 실험을 수행하였다. 4 가지 영상에 대해서 워터마크를 다양한 강인성을 갖도록 삽입하였고, 이들에 대해서 다양한 공격에 대한 워터마크 추출율을 검출하였다. 또한 3D TV에서 다양한 워터마크 삽입 영상을 시각적으로 분석하였다. In this paper, we propose a new watermarking technique for copyright protection of stereo image. The proposed technique embeds watermark to the region which corresponds to occlusion of the disparity map to be extracted by the proposed stereo matching and the frequency coefficient with the appropriate value. We use discrete wavelet transform for frequency transform tool. The proposed algorithm consists of stereo matching, watermark rearrange, mark space selection, and watermark embedding/extracting. We tested the experiment about 4 stereo images which are from Middlebury site. We embedded the watermark to 4 stereo images and extracted it from the images after attacks. We also visually analyzed the watermark embedding images in 3D TV environment.

A Comparative Study of Digital Watermarking Techniques in Frequency Domain

Digital watermarking is hiding the information inside a digital media. Its widely used in copyright protection of digital images .This paper presents a comparative study of digital watermarking techniques in frequency domain and explores the role of Discrete cosine transform DCT, Discrete wavelet transform DWT and Contourlet transform CT in generating robust embedding technique that resist various attacks. The experimental results show the superiority of CT-based watermarking over DWT and DCT watermarking techniques, the quality of the watermarked image is excellent, it can include huge amount of hidden data, but it's not much better than other techniques in resisting attacks.

Study on watermarking effect in image-signature association copyright protection model

This paper aims to compute the effect of the different watermarking techniques on a proposed scheme of image copyright protection. This scheme depends on image association principle rather than image data modification. Hence, it is intended to support the developed technique with essential study to approve the validity with convenient measures and performance criteria. The effect of watermarking is classified in accordance to image format types. In this, distinguished rates of image disturbance are supposed to be injected as noise in either single component or multi components of image colour space attributes. The conducted experiment studied the effect of this noise on output associated signature using neural networks and Matlab. The study also extends to cover some suggestions that can be used as a diagnostic process to discover the intruding techniques from one side. And from the other side is to recover images from the resulting disturbed output resulting from traditional processing, like size and rotation affections towards robustness characteristic preservation. Key words: Watermarking techniques, copyright protection, signature.

A Novel Technique for Copyright Protection of Images Using Hybrid Encryption Model

In this paper, we present a robust and novel strategic invisible watermarking scheme which can be used in the field of copyright protection. The novelty of our algorithm lies in the creation of a compound watermark image using the target image and the key image, where both of them are self encrypted. The self encryption concept adds an extra level of data security along with the security supported by the watermarking technique. Again, our method results a single invisible watermarked image which will be sent to the recipient and from that image, both the key and the target image can be extracted with no distortion using only the proposed extraction algorithm. Results of exhaustive experimentation using standard input color images demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of our approach. Index Terms—Authentication, content protection, cryptography, ownership identification. watermarking

An SVD-based image watermarking in wavelet domain using SVR and PSO

The paper presents a novel blind watermarking scheme for image copyright protection, which is developed in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) and the support vector regression (SVR). Its embedding algorithm hides a watermark bit in the low–low (LL) subband of a target non-overlap block of the host image by modifying a coefficient of U component on SVD version of the block. A blind watermark-extraction is designed using a trained SVR to estimate original coefficients. Subsequently, the watermark bit can be computed using the watermarked coefficient and its corresponding estimate coefficient. Additionally, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is further utilized to optimize the proposed scheme. Experimental results show the proposed scheme possesses significant improvements in both transparency and robustness, and is superior to existing methods under consideration here.

Generic approach for visible watermarking

In this paper generic image watermarking technique is used for the copyright protection of color images. Watermarking with monochrome and translucent images based on One-to-One compound mapping of the values of the image pixels, which provide us the recovered image without any loss. Both the translucent full color and Opaque monochrome images are used in this paper. Two-fold monotonically increasing compound mapping is used to get more typical visible watermarks in the image. Measures have been taken to protect it from hackers.

Optimized Image Watermarking Scheme Based On PSO

The digital watermarking scheme provides copyright protection to multimedia contents especially to digital images. In this paper a secure optimized watermarking scheme for copyright protection of images using Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) in daubechies4 transform is proposed.. The image quality index metrics (IQIM) is used to measure the image quality distortion which is modeled with respect to factors such as loss of correlation, luminance distortion, and contrast distortion. The coefficients are selected in Daubechies domain with help of particle swarm optimization to embed the DCT transformed selected high energy coefficients watermark bits in the host image. Different attacks are employed in PSO training to assess the robustness and imperceptibility of watermarked image. The experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Distribution Key in Eight Bit's Color Image Algorithm

Problem statement: The networked multimedia systems have glorified the necessity for image copyright protection. To solve such problem an invisible structure called watermarking is added to an 8-bits color image in aim to mark it. The structure can be added by selecting bits under certain conditions; a few pixels of correspondence between the image and the ASSCI code. Approach: In this study, we employed a robust image-watermarking algorithm using the Key Distribution Algorithm to hide data inside 8-bits color image as a watermark. Results: Experimental results show that, Similarity in the embedding process making the selection bits from the image and did not make any change in the pixels, Entropy become equal zero where no changes in the existed pixels and the selected keys chosen from pixels which distributed in image, where does not exist any changed on cover image so any updating on image doesn’t mean anything, so the key of the owner cannot be known. Conclusion: By applying Key Distribution algorithm the watermark can be extracted at low error rate.

A Visual Cryptography Based Digital Image Copyright Protection

A method for creating digital image copyright protection is proposed in this paper. The proposed method in this paper is based on visual cryptography defined by Noor and Shamir. The proposed method is working on selection of random pixels from the original digital image instead of specific selection of pixels. The new method proposed does not require that the watermark pattern to be embedded in to the original digital image. Instead of that, verification information is generated which will be used to verify the ownership of the image. This leaves the marked image equal to the original image. The method is based on the relationship between randomly selected pixels and their 8-neighbors’ pixels. This relationship keeps the marked image coherent against diverse attacks even if the most significant bits of randomly selected pixels have been changed by attacker as we will see later in this paper. Experimental results show the proposed method can recover the watermark pattern from the marked image even if major changes are made to the original digital image.

REGION OF NON-INTEREST BASED DIGITAL IMAGE WATERMARKING USING NEURAL NETWORKS

Copyrights protection of digital data become inevitable in current world. Digital watermarks have been recently proposed as secured scheme for copyright protection, authentication, source tracking, and broadcast monitoring of video, audio, text data and digital images. In this paper a method to embed a watermark in region of non-interest (RONI) and a method for adaptive calculation of strength factor using neural network are proposed. The embedding and extraction processes are carried out in the transform domain by using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Finally, the algorithm robustness is tested against noise addition attacks and geometric distortion attacks. The results authenticate that the proposed watermarking algorithm does not degrade the quality of cover image as the watermark is inserted only in region of non-interest and is resistive to attacks.

Semiblind copyright protection of color images based on a hybrid classified watermarking technique

Color image watermarking with high imperceptibility and robustness capabilities is still an emerging topic in the field of multimedia copyright protection. A novel approach for robust and semiblind watermarking of still color images in the wavelet domain is proposed. The proposed technique utilizes the human visual system characteristics, and an innovative watermark weight-calibrating procedure to create various watermarks at different classes of the color image under consideration. It decomposes the input color image into specific classes where each class is applied to an appropriate watermarking procedure that takes into account its grayness and/or chromaticity behaviors on a pixel-wise and color permissibility basis. The experimental results have shown that the proposed technique exhibits very high imperceptibility (80.1 to 89.2 dB) and is sufficiently robust to guard against JPEG compression, additive noise, filtering, moderate cropping, scaling, and other common image manipulations.

Захист цифрової фотографії за допомогою цифрових водяних знаків

Digital photography has become an integral part of our life and technology of its creation. It meets the requirements of modernity and it is a very laborious process which often connected with use of advanced technologies. At the same time along with the proliferation of photographic works with using modern technology the copyright protection for digital images remains unsolved inUkrainenow. It is connected with the possibility to copy and distribute digital photograph outside the author’s control. Digital photo is very easy copied without worsening image quality in comparison with original, which obviously leads to disappearance of photo-piracy obstacles especially at the placing a file or photo in the Internet. Therefore the researches for development the author copyright protection at the creating of pictures are an actual problem. This article has been devoted to variants of this task solution.In the article the main advantages and disadvantages of digital images, methods of protecting digital photos, analyzes their reliability and possible options to protect copyrighted digital photo have been presented. There were offered new options for protecting digital photography at early stage of its development. Phase algorithm of development a digital watermark for images protection have been shown.

Toward a new wavelet-based watermarking approach for color images using bio-inspired optimization principles

This paper presents a novel watermarking approach for copyright protection of color images based on the wavelet transformation. We consider the problem of logo watermarking and employ the genetic algorithm optimization principles to obtain performance improvement with respect to the existing algorithms. In the proposed method, the strength of the embedded watermark is controlled locally and according to the visual properties of the host signal. These parameters are varied to find the most suitable ones for images with different characteristics. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm yields a watermark which is invisible to human eyes and robust to a wide variety of common attacks.

Novel watermarking technique based on the generalized squared interpoint distance for image copyright protection applications

Since image watermarking has become an important tool for intellectual property protection and authentication, a wavelet-based watermarking scheme for color images is proposed. The watermarking scheme is based on implementing the generalized squared interpoint distance (GSID) in designing a weighting function to be used in a spread-spectrum fashion watermarking (SSW) and is denoted as SSW-GSID. Watermark embedding process is carried out by transforming the host image into the wavelet domain. For highly robust and imperceptible embedding, watermark bits are added to the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) coefficients of all subbands after being weighted using the product of the calculated GSID values (of the host image) and the basis function amplitudes of the DWT decomposition. Experimental results have shown that SSW-GSID exhibits highly reliable extraction of the watermark from attacked images. Based on the provided experimental results, it can be observed that the proposed SSW-GSID method is robust against a wide variety of attacks. Comparison with other existing methods shows the superiority of the proposed SSW-GSID method.

A Reversible Watermarking Algorithm Based on Four-Neighbors Context Prediction for Tongue Images

Reversible watermarking has been used in many sensitive digital images, such as medical and military images, because of the ability to embed data with zero loss of host information. This paper describes a reversible watermark embedding algorithm, based on context prediction error for color tongue images, that can achieve high data embedding rates and effective copyright protection for such images. The algorithm exploits the high correlation that is inherent among the neighboring pixels of tongue images, forming a more effective method for embedding data by using the proposed prediction and extended difference-expansion techniques in different components. When extracting, the algorithm can restore the original tongue image accurately, meeting the requirements required for medical images. The experimental results show that the algorithm is easy to implement and that it achieves very high data embedding rates while keeping the resulting distortion low.

An integrated visual saliency-based watermarking approach for synchronous image authentication and copyright protection

This paper proposes an integrated visual saliency-based watermarking approach, which can be used for both synchronous image authentication and copyright protection. Firstly, regions of interest (ROIs), which are not in a fixed size and can present the most important information of one image, would be extracted automatically using the proto-object based saliency attention model. Secondly, to resist common signal processing attacks, for each ROI, an improved quantization method is employed to embed the copyright information into its DCT coefficients. Finally, the edge map of one ROI is chosen as the fragile watermark, and is then embedded into the DWT domain of the watermarked image to further resist the tampering attacks. Using ROI-based visual saliency as a bridge, this proposed method can achieve image authentication and copyright protection synchronously, and it can also preserve much more robust information. Experimental results on standard benchmark demonstrate that compared with the state-of-the-art watermarking scheme, the proposed method is more robust to white noise, filtering and JPEG compression attacks. Furthermore, it also shows that the proposed method can effectively detect tamper and locate forgery.