Copyright Protection Of Digital Contents Research Articles

Improved integral cryptanalysis of SPNbox in digital rights management systems

As an access control technology of digital material, digital rights management systems have a profound effect on the copyright protection of digital content. To address the threat of key exposure, applying white-box ciphers is effective to provide a security guarantee for digital rights management systems. SPNbox, proposed at Asiacrypt’16 is such a white-box cipher that fulfils comprehensive resistance against key exposure for digital rights management systems, including black-box security on the server-side and white-box security on the client-side. So far, the previous integral cryptanalysis of SPNbox employs a general 2-round distinguisher without considering the details of SPNbox. The properties of SPNbox are carefully explored and a novel 2-round integral distinguisher is introduced. On this basis, we propose new competitive 3-round key recovery attacks with lower complexities. Particularly, the improved attack on 3-round SPNbox-32 only requires 232 chosen plaintexts, whereas the current best attack necessitates 262 chosen plaintexts. In addition, integral attacks on 4- and 5-round SPNbox-8 are presented for the first time. Thus, the security margin of SPNbox-8 is narrowed by two rounds. These results indicate that the capability of SPNbox resisting integral cryptanalysis is inferior to the designers' claim.

Digital Copyright Protection: Focus on Some Relevant Solutions

Copyright protection of digital content is considered a relevant problem of the current Internet since content digitalization and high performance interconnection networks have greatly increased the possibilities to reproduce and distribute digital content. Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems try to prevent the inappropriate or illegal use of copyrighted digital content. They are promoted by the major global media players, but they are also perceived as proprietary solutions that give rise to classic problems of privacy and fair use. On the other hand, watermarking protocols have become a possible solution to the problem of copyright protection. They have evolved during the last decade, and interesting proposals have been designed. This paper first presents current trends concerning the most significant solutions to the problem of copyright protection based on DRM systems and then focuses on the most promising approaches in the field of watermarking protocols. In this regard, the examined protocols are discussed in order to individuate which of them can better represent the right trade-off between opposite goals, such as, for example, security and easy of use, so as to prove that it is possible to implement open solutions compatible with the current web context without resorting to proprietary architectures or impairing the protection of copyrighted digital content.

Blockchain and Cloud to Overcome the Problems of Buyer and Seller Watermarking Protocols

Copyright protection of digital content has become a problem not only for web content providers but also for ordinary web users who like to publish their digital contents on social or user generated content platforms. Among the possible solutions to such a problem, digital watermarking, in conjunction with watermarking protocols, appears to be a valid alternative to current DRM (digital rights management) systems. In fact, watermarking based solutions insert perceptually invisible copyright information into the copies of contents published or distributed on the web in order to track them. Such insertions are carried out according to the watermarking protocols, which have evolved over the years from the classic “buyer and seller” paradigm into a simpler and versatile “buyer friendly” and “mediated” approach. However, such an approach cannot exploit the new technologies that characterize the current Internet. This paper presents a new watermarking protocol able to adapt the “buyer friendly” and “mediated” approach to the use of innovative technologies such as cloud platforms and blockchain. In this way, (1) content providers and common web users can take advantage of the computing and storage resources made available by cloud platforms; (2) the involvement of trusted third parties in the protocols can be reduced by using blockchain without complicating the protection scheme. In fact, these two goals make the protocol particularly suited for the current Internet.

Authenticated content distribution framework for digital rights management systems with smart card revocation

SummaryThe growing features of multimedia distribution across multiple smart devices have attained significant attention of many industries and users. In this context, digital rights management (DRM) is the system, which tries to ensure authorized content distribution. For much diverse and productive research in content distribution, DRM is paying attention to provide a better DRM protocol according to current requirements. But the violation of copyright protection of digital content (video, audio, and secret documents) still has a significant issue of concern. Not only solely copyright protection but also stolen smart cards which keep the license and more specific information of a user is also an attentive concern of DRM users. In this paper, we introduced an authenticated key agreement protocol which maintains secure and authorized content distribution with successful smart card revocation. Moreover, the proposed scheme has simulated under AVISPA tool, which informally confirms the security of the protocol. The formal proof security is given in the random oracle model and then done the performance evaluation. The comparison with the relevant existing schemes shows the advantage of the proposed scheme. It identified that the proposed protocol achieves all the desirable security and performance attributes with valid smart card revocation.

РОЗРОБКА СИСТЕМИ ВБУДОВИ ЦИФРОВИХ ВОДЯНИХ ЗНАКІВ В ЗОБРАЖЕННЯ НА ОСНОВІ DCT-LWT-SVD

Copyright protection of digital content is a rather actual problem of humanity in the 21st century. Misuses of multimedia content is very common, and their number is growing with each passing day. One type of copyright protection is the embedding of digital watermark (DW) in the content. In this paper a new method of embedding digital watermark into image using discrete cosine transform, lifting wavelet transform (LWT) with maternal wavelet "Dobeshi-8" and singular coefficients decomposition is proposed. Embedding is performed into the first singular number of the low frequency wavelet transform region. As a digital watermark, we will use a grayscale image normalized to a range from zero to ten to provide a high peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). The research analyzed the developed method: the method of embedding and detecting information was tested for its resistance to various types of attacks, namely: application of noise overlay (Gauss and pulse noise, "salt and pepper"), "unsharp" filter and median filter, and compression attack (with quality coefficients for a complete container from 60 to 100). As a result of the conducted testing, it was established that the method is quite resistant to all the attacks, except for the "unsharp" filtering (the resulting performance is not satisfactory). The method showed good results in peak signal-to-noise ratio - the average PSNR value is 50.5 dB, as well as high rates of similarity between the embedded DW and the extracted one - from 77% to 97.6% while saving the full container in a lossless format, and up to 53, 05 dB and 91.96% while saving the image in a lossless format (JPEG).

Robust Watermarking of Polygonal Meshes Based on Vertex Norms Variance Distortion

The three-dimensional (3D) mesh is moderately novel media type that realizes a rising success in various applications through data transfer via the Internet, which requires security approaches. Technological copyright protection of digital contents has become a challenging task in the current digital epoch. In this work, a robust watermarking algorithm of polygonal meshes for copyright protection purposes is proposed. The watermark insertion was achieved by quantization of the vertex norms variance in order to insert the watermark bits. In addition, this method is based on a blind detection scheme, so the watermark can be extracted without referring to the original mesh. The experimental results established the quality of the watermarked object as well as the inserted watermark robustness against various types of attacks, which were evaluated to prove the validity of the proposed algorithm. The results proved the proposed method efficiency in terms of robustness and imperceptibility against several signal processing distortions. A comparison with other reported method with similar purposes is also provided. The comparison depicted the outstanding robustness of the proposed method compared to the other reported method.

A Digital Rights Management System based on Cloud

In the current Internet, digital entertainment contents, such as video or audio files, are easily accessible due to the new multimedia technologies and to broadband network connections. This causes considerable economic loss to global media players since digital contents, once legitimately obtained, can be illegitimately shared through file sharing services on the Internet. Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems have been proposed to support the protection of copyrighted digital contents. Even though such systems have been widely adopted and promoted by global media players, they are based on proprietary mechanisms that usually work only in closed, monolithic environments. In this regard, systems based on watermarking technologies appear more suited to protect digital copyrighted content. This paper describes the implementation scheme of a DRM system able to ensure the copyright protection of digital content according to an innovative buyer-friendly watermarking protocol. The DRM system has been implemented by exploiting a cloud environment in order to improve the overall performance of the system. In particular, cloud behaves as a service infrastructural provider, since the content provider involved in the watermarking protocol uses cloud to speed up the watermark embedding process and to save storage and bandwidth costs needed to store and to deliver protected contents.

Copyright Protection of Digital Content with Special Reference to Computer Programs

Computer programs, as an area of protection under the copyright branch of Intellectual Property Laws is an important aspect to venture upon. Whenever one thinks about protection of Intellectual Property in computer programs, a thought travels to the protection afforded by the law of Patents. However, there are many phases in the preparation of a complete computer program, which cannot be patented as such; and it is only the Copyright which can save the efforts of a sincere computer programmer from being copied. Growth of Internet - a digital jungle, exposes the digital content to a wide class of vulnerability. A programmer is always under a threat of being copied by somebody before his product is advanced enough to qualify for a Patent, and the principle no one else may for any reason reap what the copyright owner has sown is under a pressure of constant violation. Computer programs, within itself, involve a lot of subclasses of copyright, for e.g., literary work, artistic work, graphic work, etc., and this defies easy categorization within the traditional framework of the intellectual property system. This paper examines the various challenges, which is posed to protection of digital content under the copyright laws, especially the computer programs. Judicial interpretations given to the infringement of copyright in computer programs has been deduced and abstracted from the general principles of traditional copyright law and applying it to the information technology system. The journey of this judicial interpretation from look and feel test to abstraction, filtration, and comparison test via structure, sequence and organization formula has been examined. This paper leaves some open-ended strings to be completed further research on those points. To what extent 'fair use' of computer program can be made has been analyzed. A passing remark on P2P Networking, Open-source software, and various other technicalities involved in the software program has been made. The research paper concludes with few humble suggestions, which requires a deliberation and thought process by intellectuals in the field.

Watermarking Protocols: Problems, Challenges and a Possible Solution

Digital watermarking is recognized as an innovative technique developed to deal with the problem of copyright protection of digital content distributed on the Internet. Such a technique can address the problem of asserting authorship but cannot directly solve the problem of determining accountability when piracy occurs. Therefore, it is necessary to implement watermarking protocols to determine whether a user illegally possesses content distributed by content providers as well as to protect the entire digital asset of the web-based distribution and of the associated rights. In this paper, the author reviews and discusses merits and limitations of relevant proposals existing in the literature in thefield of watermarking protocols, identifies open issues and challenges, and presents a novel watermarking protocolablebothtosolvespecificdocumentedproblemsandtomeettherequirementsofrobustness, security, modularity and flexibility needed in the current models of web-based content distribution.

A Robust Digital Watermarking Technique for Image Contents based on DWT-DFRNT Multiple Transform Method

Copyright protection of digital content has become one of important issues in digital content marketplace. Digital watermarking may be used as an effective method for identifying the copyright ownership of digital content against unauthorized use and distribution. In this paper, we propose a robust digital image watermarking algorithm based on the multiple transform method, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and discrete fractional random transform (DFRNT). We adopt a two-dimensional (2D) barcode for hiding information and apply the block code encoding and generate a watermark through them. The generated watermark image is embedded into DWT-DFRNT using quantization technique in order to ensure robustness and imperceptibility of the watermark. Experimental results present that our proposed algorithm has improved the extraction performance by accurately extracting the hidden information in the 2D barcode from the detected watermark. Also, combining the dual transform method, DWT and DFRNT, has improved the imperceptibility and robustness of the watermark against basic image signal processing attacks.

A Provably Secure Anonymous Buyer–Seller Watermarking Protocol

Buyer-seller watermarking (BSW) protocols allow copyright protection of digital content. The protocol is anonymous when the identity of buyers is not revealed if they do not release pirated copies. Existing BSW protocols are not provided with a formal analysis of their security properties. We employ the ideal-world/real-world paradigm to propose a formal security definition for copyright protection protocols, and we analyze an anonymous BSW protocol and prove that it fulfills our definition. Additionally, we implement the protocol and measure its efficiency.

Robust audio watermarking scheme based on spectral modeling synthesis.

This paper proposes a new watermarking scheme based on spectral modeling synthesis for copyright protection of digital contents. In our proposed scheme, a short time Fourier transform (STFT) is applied to the original signal. Prominent spectral peaks of each frame are then detected and represented by sinusoidal parameters. The residual component is computed by removing all the prominent peaks from the spectrum, transforming the spectrum back to the time domain using inverse fast Fourier transform, and overlap-adding the frames in time. In addition, a peak tracking unit keeps the sinusoidal parameters and forms peak trajectories. Watermarks are then embedded into the most prominent peak of each frame in the peak trajectories. Watermarked signal is computed by the sinusoidal synthesis process and then adding the sinusoids with the residual signal. Watermarks are detected by using the inverse operation of watermark embedding process. Simulation results indicate that the imperceptible watermarks embedded into four different kinds of music sounds using the proposed scheme are robust against several attacks such as noise addition, cropping, re-sampling, re-quantization, and MP3 compression, showing similarity values ranging from 0.8 to 0.9. [Work supported by KOSEF, R01-2008-000-20493-0.]

디지털 방송에서 콘텐츠의 저작권 보호를 위한 실시간 워터마킹 하드웨어 시스템 구현

방송용 디지털 콘텐츠의 저작권 보호를 위한 워터마킹은 실시간 처리가 가능하도록 만들어져야한다. 본 논문에서는 알테라사의 STRATIX 칩을 사용하여 HD/SD 비디오의 하드웨어 기반의 실시간 비디오 워터마킹 시스템을 제안한다. 실험 결과 원 비디오 신호와 워터마크가 삽입된 비디오 신호사이에서 주관적인 화질 비교에서 화질 차이가 거의 없었다. 삽입된 워터마크는 A/D 변환과 같은 자연적 비디오 공격의 강인성 테스트 후 검출되었다. 구현된 워터마킴 하드웨어 시스템은 실시 간으로 콘텐츠를 보호하기를 원하는 영화 제작사 그리고 방송국에서 유용하게 사용 될 수 있을 것이다. A watermarking for copyright protection of digital contents for broadcasting have to be made for a real-time system. In this paper, we propose a real-time video watermarking system which is hardware-based watermarking system of SD/HD (standard definition/high definition) video with the STRATIX FPGA device from ALTERA. There was little visual artifact due to watermarking in subjective quality evaluation between the original video and the watermarked one in our experiment. Embedded watermark was extracted after robustness testscalled natural video attacks such as A/D (analog/digital) conversion. Our implemented watermarking hardware system can be useful in movie production and broadcasting companies that requires real-time contents protection systems.

Robust Blind Image Watermarking Scheme in Spatial Domain for Copyright Protection

In recent times, the rapid growth of the Internet has led to the critical issue of copyright protection of digital contents. The two significant tasks of the Digital Rights Management (DRM) system are: Protection of the high-value digital assets and Control over the distribution and usage of those digital assets. One of the most promising means to safe guard the copyright of digital images is watermarking. Digital watermarking hides the secret or private information in digital images in order to facilitate copyright protection. Here, we propose a robust and blind watermarking scheme for copyright protection against digital image piracy. The proposed watermarking scheme invisibly embeds a binary watermark image into the host image for protecting its copyrights. In watermark embedding, an individual watermark pixel is embedded into every 2x2 block of the host image. The watermark extraction process necessitates only the watermarked image and not the original image or any of its characteristics, as the proposed watermarking scheme is blind. The experimental results recorded with the aid of attack analysis illustrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed watermarking scheme.

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