Copyrights Of Digital Contents Research Articles

Design of a Blockchain-based KRW Transfer System forSettlement and Distribution of Digital Content Copyright Fees

Design of a Blockchain-based KRW Transfer System forSettlement and Distribution of Digital Content Copyright Fees

Combinatorial secure codes for copyright protection and related problems

The rapid development of modern science and technology not only provides convenience for data communication, but also poses a tremendous threat to the copyright of digital content. This paper focuses on the mathematical theory of traitor-tracing for copyright protection and its latest progress. First, for applications in different scenarios, such as broadcast encryption and multimedia fingerprinting, weintroduce unified models to characterize the (key/fingerprint) distribution schemes with traceability property and frameproof property, respectively. Next, we review several classes of combinatorial secure codes with the traceability property and frameproof property, and the combinatorial methods used to investigate the bounds on the maximum code size and the explicit constructions, as well as the latest results and the open problems. The relationships between the combinatorial problems in copyright protection and the related problems in group testing and multiple access communication are discussed as well.

HBRO: A Registration Oracle Scheme for Digital Rights Management Based on Heterogeneous Blockchains

As the Internet enters the era of big data, massive amounts of data are flooding people’s mobile phones and computers. The emerging self-media industry produces many videos every day, which also exposes many security issues in digital rights management (DRM). The works of original creators can easily be infringed on public networks, and it is urgent to protect the copyright of digital content. Traditional digital rights management (TDRM) has many problems, including unqualified copyright confirmation, difficulty obtaining evidence, long time-consuming, high price, and high centralization. The combination of blockchain technology and digital rights management is one of the most popular blockchain application scenarios, the characteristics of the blockchain match DRM market demand. This paper proposes a registration oracle scheme for digital rights management based on heterogeneous blockchains, HBRO, which uses review and voting as a means to judge whether a work can be registered for copyright. HBRO is more rigorous than TDRM and DDRM in the copyright confirmation stage, rejecting many unnecessary and unqualified contents. In addition, a secure cross-chain solution is used to ensure the integrity and correctness of data transmission on heterogeneous blockchains.

Digital Watermarking using Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm

Abstract The advancement in computer science technology has led to some serious concerns about the piracy and copyright of digital content. Digital watermarking technique is widely used for copyright protection and other similar applications. In this paper, a technique for digital watermarking based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), and Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) is proposed. The method computes the DWT of the cover image to obtain the sub-components of the image. The subcomponent is converted to frequency domain using DCT. The challenge is to find the optimal scaling factor to be used for watermarking. The authors have designed a GOA based technique that finds the optimized scaling factor and the coefficient for embedding the watermark. GOA makes the watermark undetectable and is invisible in the cover image. The watermark image is embedded in the cover image using these coefficients. The extraction of watermark from the cover image is done by using inverse DCT and DWT. The proposed method is compared with the other state of the art methods. The effectiveness of the proposed method is computed using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) and Image Fidelity (IF). The proposed method outperforms the other methods and can be effectively used for practical digital watermarking.

A Watermarking Protocol Based on Blockchain

Digital watermarking can be used to implement mechanisms aimed at protecting the copyright of digital content distributed on the Internet. Such mechanisms support copyright identification and content tracking by enabling content providers to embed perceptually invisible watermarks into the distributed copies of content. They are employed in conjunction with watermarking protocols, which define the schemes of the web transactions by which buyers can securely purchase protected digital content distributed by content providers. In this regard, the “buyer friendly” and “mediated” watermarking protocols can ensure both a correct content protection and an easy participation of buyers in the transactions by which to purchase the distributed content. They represent a valid alternative to the classic “buyer and seller” watermarking protocols documented in the literature. However, their protection schemes could be further improved and simplified. This paper presents a new watermarking protocol able to combine the “buyer friendly” and “mediated” design approach with the blockchain technology. The result is a secure protocol that can support a limited and balanced participation of both buyers and content providers in the purchase transactions of protected digital content. Moreover, the protocol can avoid the direct involvement of trusted third parties in the purchase transactions. This can reduce the actual risk that buyers or sellers can violate the protocol by illicitly interacting with trusted third parties. In fact, such peculiarities make the proposed protocol suited for the current web context.

A Robust and Removable Watermarking Scheme Using Singular Value Decomposition

Digital watermarking techniques are widely applied to protect the integrity and copyright of digital content. In a majority of the literature for watermarking techniques, the watermarked image often causes some distortions after embedding a watermark. For image-quality-concerned users, the distortions froma watermarked image are unacceptable. In this article, we propose a removable watermarking scheme that can restore an original-like image and resist signal-processing attacks to protect the ownership of an image by utilizing the property of singular value decomposition (SVD). The experimental results reveal that the proposed scheme meets the requirements of watermarking robustness, and also reestablishes an image like the original with average PSNR values of 59.07 ㏈ for reconstructed images.

Robust Image Watermarking Theories and Techniques: A Review

Over the past several decades, digital information science has emerged to seek answers to the question: can any technique ensure tamper-resistance and protect the copyright of digital contents by storing, transmitting and processing information encoded in systems where digital content can easily be disseminated through communication channels? Today it is understood that the answer is yes. This paper reviews the theoretical analysis and performance investigation of representative watermarking systems in transform domains and geometric invariant regions. Digital watermarking is a technology of embedding watermark with intellectual property rights into images, videos, audios, and other multimedia data by a certain algorithm. The basic characteristics of digital watermark are imperceptibility, capacity, robustness and false positive of watermarking algorithm and security of the hiding place. Moreover, it is concluded that various attacks operators are used for the assessment of watermarking systems, which supplies an automated and fair analysis of substantial watermarking methods for chosen application areas.

Clustered-Dot Halftone Watermark Using Phase Modulation

Digital watermarking provides a solution for protecting the copyright of digital contents, and print-and-scan resilient data hiding finds important applications in document security. In this paper, we propose a clustered dot halftone watermarking algorithm based on phase modulation. The watermark region and the other region use the threshold matrix for halftoning at the two different screen angle. The watermark is detected by overlaying the model, with one of the screen angle. Mean filtering and median filtering is performed on the recovered watermark to improve the appearance, and watermark is pre-processed using Arnold transformation to eliminate the edges in the border of the watermark. Experiments show watermark can appear under smearing, cropping and pint-and-scan attacks.

Quality Evaluation Model for Security of DRM Software

To make the DRM technology protect adequately the copy right of digital contents, DRM software should have high quality and no defects when DRM is added to digital contents. It can be a basis for the effective protection of the copyright of digital contents to develop a quality evaluation model of DRM SW. First of all, the security of DRM SW is the most critical quality characteristic that DRM software must have. In this paper, we conducted research on how to measure the quality of security of DRM SW.

An ID-based digital watermarking protocol for copyright protection

Digital watermarking techniques are a means of protecting the copyrights of digital contents. In this paper, we propose an identity-based (ID-based) digital watermarking protocol and point out several previously unpublished flaws in Hwang et al. (2005)’s scheme. We hope that by identifying the design flaws, similar structural mistakes can be avoided in future designs. We also claim that our proposed digital watermarking scheme can effectively solve the problem of multiple claims of ownership, and is suitable for any practical and secure watermarking algorithm.

Efficient Anti-Scalable Anti-Collusion Fingerprinting

Digital fingerprinting schemes are techniques to protect the copyright of digital contents. One of the important problems is a collusion attack such that several users combine their copies of a same content to modify or delete the embedded fingerprint. Trappe et al. proposed the AND anti-collusion codes (AND-ACC) against the average attack. However, the scheme is vulnerable to linear combination attack (LCCA) and cannot support a large number of users. For this last issue, Seol and Kim highlighted a code (called SK) by extending the AND-ACC. Unfortunately, that code is weak against majority attack and LCCA. In this paper, we improve the SK scheme by adding to each group the subcode. The new code can resist average attack when the inter-group collusion is less likely than intragroup collusion due to geographic conditions. Non-blind detection statistics with the knowledge of the host and soft-threshold detection are used to identify colluders within each guilty group. Our model increases the probability of tracing )) ( log ( 1 N n O  colluders within each guilty group, where N is the fingerprinting length and n is the number of users in each group. Experiment results on the real images show that our code is robust to average attack.

Comparison and Analysis of Self-Reference Image with Meaningful Image for Robust Watermarking Algorithm based on Visual Quality and Fidelity

paper presents a comparison and analysis of recently developed watermarking algorithms. Digital watermarking has been regarded as a vital technique for safeguarding the copyright of digital contents. A digital watermarking method is said to be effective if the watermark embedded in an image by it could survive against diverse attacks ranging from compression, filtering to cropping. The performance of the watermarking algorithms is analyzed and to estimate and compare robustness of watermarking algorithms by considering the visual quality of the original and watermarked images in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio. Furthermore, the extracting fidelity of the watermarking algorithms is compared by taking the Normalized Correlation value between the original watermark and the extracted watermark. The experimental results showed the accuracy of different watermarking algorithms in terms of visual quality and fidelity.

Watermarking two dimensional data object identifier for authenticated distribution of digital multimedia contents

A digital object identifier refers to diverse technologies associated with assigning an identifier to a digital resource and managing the identification system. One type of implementation of a digital object identifier developed by the Korean Government is termed the Universal Content Identifier (UCI) system. It circulates and utilizes identifiable resources efficiently by connecting various online and offline identifying schemes. UCI tags can contain not only identifiers but also abundant additional information regarding contents. So, researchers and practitioners have shown great interest in methods that utilize the two-dimensional barcode (2D barcode) to attach UCI tags to digital contents. However, attaching a 2D barcode directly to a digital content raises two problems. First, quality of the content may deteriorate due to the insertion of the barcode; second, a malicious user can invalidate the identifying tag, simply by removing the tag from the original content. We believe that these concerns can be mitigated by inserting an invisible digital tag containing information about an identifier and digital copyrights into the entire area of the digital content. In this study, to protect copyrights of digital contents securely without quality degradation, we attempt to discover a sequence of process for generating a 2D barcode from a UCI tag and watermarking the barcode into a digital content. Such a UCI system can be widely applied to areas such as e-learning, distribution tracking, transaction certification, and reference linking services when the system is equipped with 2D barcode technology and secure watermarking algorithms. The latter part of this paper analyzes intensive experiments conducted to evaluate the robustness of traditional digital watermarking algorithms against external attacks.

Perceptions about Copyright of Digital Content and its Effects on Scholarship: A South African Perspective

This paper examines the different layers of protection that exist in digital content and how users and corporate rights holders of information interpret the different protections. From a South African perspective, this paper analyses librarians', managers' of consortia, informed users' and corporate rights holders' perceptions and misconceptions on the interpretation of copyright protection with regard to digital content. It discusses the effects on the advancement of scholarship implied by the interpretations on copyright accorded by librarians, users and corporate rights holders to digital content. It concludes that in order to better access digital content to promote scholarship, the education of what copyright protects and knowledge of the terms and conditions of licensing agreements is necessary.

A digital right management model for distribution of digital audiovisual content

This paper presents a digital rights management model, which considers the integrated factors including legality, communication security, integrity of the content, and trading fairness. The architecture of the model, the necessary protocol for the copyright control and content distribution, the authentication mechanism which offer consumption registration for content fair distribution, of the model are all provided. The scheme also provides distribution and evidence for using the copyright of digital content fairly and effectively. Finally, analysis shows the proposed model has both high security and good performance.

サイバー社会と人間—情報倫理の課題と教育 II 1. ディジタルコンテンツの著作権に関する諸問題

サイバー社会と人間—情報倫理の課題と教育 II 1. ディジタルコンテンツの著作権に関する諸問題

실행시간과 안전성을 고려한 웹 기반의 저작권관리 시스템

디지털콘텐트는 복제가 용이하고 원본과 복사본이 동일하다는 특성 때문에 불법적인 복제와 유통의 방지를 통한 저작권의 보호에 어려움이 있다. 근래에는 웹을 기반으로 한 각종 디지털콘텐트 서비스 시스템이 상용화되고 있으며, 이것이 안정된 수익 모델로서 발전하기 위하여 적절한 저작권 보호 기술이 요구된다. 일반적으로 웹 기반의 저작권 보호를 위해서는 디지털콘텐트의 암호화를 통한 안전한 전송 방법을 사용한다. 이때 암호화된 디지털콘텐트의 크기는 증가하여 실행과정에 필요한 시간을 증가시킨다. 따라서 실행시간과 안전성을 고려한 시스템의 설계가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는, 디지털콘텐트의 저작권 관리 기술을 기반으로 부분 암호화를 통해 수행시간과 안전성을 고려한 디지털콘텐트 전송시스템을 설계하였다. 또한 분석을 통해 제안시스템의 성능을 평가하였다. As for the digital content, a reproduction is easy and manuscript is identical with original copy. Because of these characteristics, there are difficulties on prevention of an illegal reproduction and an illegal currency. In recent days various digital content service systems based on a web are commercialized. An appropriate copyright protection technology is required so that these systems develop as a profit model. Generally we use encrypted digital content transmission method for the copyright protection on a web base system. At the time of this, it is increased sire of encrypted digital content. As for this, it be increased time required on an execution process. Therefore, a design of the system that considered a execution time and a security is required. In this study, we designed the digital content transmission system that considered execution time and a security through a partial encryption based on a digital content copyright management technique. Also we evaluated performance of a proposed system through analysis.

Wavelet‐based perceptual watermarking with bit data embedded in still color images

AbstractAs a way to protect copyright of digital content, researches into electronic watermarking have been carried out extensively. In this paper, an image watermarking method is proposed that can embed bit patterns with an arbitrary length by extending the wavelet‐based watermarking method based on the human visual system (HVS) proposed by Barni. For color images, weighting is provided by taking into account human visual characteristics in such a way that the visual effect on the brightness components is smaller. One of the characteristics of the present method is a significant improvement of convenience by using a long pseudorandom number sequence including bit data such as signatures, in contrast to the pseudorandom sequence without bit information used by Barni. Through simulations, it is verified that the proposed method has strong robustness to JPEG compression, cropping, color tone conversion, and mode deformation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(1): 1–9, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10115

コンテンツの著作権保護とそれを支える技術 第１１回 デジタル時代に対応した著作権法改正の動向

コンテンツの著作権保護とそれを支える技術 第１１回 デジタル時代に対応した著作権法改正の動向