Copper Phthalocyanine Tetrasulfonic Acid Tetrasodium Research Articles

Fabrication of a novel solar cell using copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt / graphene oxide

Fabrication of a novel solar cell using copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt / graphene oxide

Novel composite Nafion membranes modified with copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt for fuel cell application

In this paper, Nafion membrane was firstly modified by copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuTSPc) to prepare the Nafion/CuTSPc-x composite membranes. FTIR, XRD and SEM results revealed the successful incorporation of CuTSPc into Nafion and good compatibility between the two composites. The proton conductivities of the Nafion/CuTSPc-x composite membranes were evidently higher than pure cast Nafion membrane, and increased with CuTSPc contents. Among them, the Nafion/CuTSPc-6% membrane with the highest ion exchange capacity (1.14 mequiv•g−1) exhibited the highest proton conductivity of 0.084 S cm−1 at 30 °C and 0.131 S cm−1 at 80 °C, respectively. When fabricated of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), the Nafion/CuTSPc-4.5% membrane displayed an initial fuel cell performance with a power density of 43.3 mW cm−2 at room temperature, close to that for pure cast Nafion membrane. Benefiting from the compact structure, high proton conductivity and outstanding stability, the Nafion/CuTSPc-x composite membranes show promising potentials for fuel cell applications.

Effect of annealing and chemical treatment on structural and optical properties of CuPcTs/PEDOT:PSS (BHJ Blend) thin films

In this work, The effect of annealing treatment at different temperatures (373, 423 and 473) K and chemical treatment with talwen at different immersion time (40, 60 and 80) min on structural and optical properties of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blend copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt/poly dioxyethylenethienylene doped with polystyrenesulphonic acid (CuPcTs/PEDOT:PSS) thin films were investigated. The films were fabricated using spin coating technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements displayed only one peak at 2θ =4.5o corresponding to (001) direction which has dhkl larger than for standard CuPcTs. The dhkl increase then decrease with increasing annealing temperature andthe time of chemical treatment with talwen. FTIR measurements show that, the peaks for O-H, in general, decrease with increasing annealing temperature, while the peaks corresponding to C=C aromatic bond and C-N bond decrease at 373 K then increase at 423 and 473 K. The peaks for O-H, in general, decrease with increasing immersing time, while the peaks corresponding to C=C aromatic bond and C-N bond decrease at 40 min then increase at more immersing time. From UV-visible measurements, the absorption spectra peaks for B and Q-bands increase at 373K and at 40 min immersing time with talwen and decrease at more annealing or chemical treated time.

Effect of Acid-Leaching on the Electrochemical Performance of Carbon-Supported Copper Phthalocyanine Tetrasulfonic Acid Tetrasodium Salt (CuTSPc/C) Catalys

Since the strong O=O bond (498kJ mol-1) with very slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) rate at the cathode has a much larger overpotential (or polarization) than that of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) at the anode, the cathodic ORR has become the most challenging step in a fuel cell1. Up to now, Pt is still the best catalyst candidate for the ORR due to its high catalytic activity. As yet, there are still two major challenges for the Pt-based catalysts, one is high cost, and the other is insufficient electrochemical durability2-3. Therefore, the major effort in fuel cell research and development have been put on reducing Pt loading by exploring more effective synthesis technologies, and/or replacing Pt metal using other non-precious metals such as Fe, Co and Cu. In this regard, carbon-based transition metal macrocycle complexes catalysts have become one of the most promising candidates to replace Pt/C catalyst, especially these catalysts synthesized after thermal treatment show high catalytic activity3,4. For revealing the mechanism of ORR and improving the ORR activity, one should know the active site in these catalysts. So far, there is a consensus that carbon, nitrogen and transition metals are all considered to be indispensable elements for the ORR activity5. However, for the transition metals, there is few report clearly point out whether it is a part of the active sites in these macrocycle complexes. In this work, with carbon-supported copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt, CuTSPc/C, as a target, the role of transition metal in macrocycle complexe was investigated by acid-leaching procedures.

Effect of acid-leaching on carbon-supported copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuTSPc/C) for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline electrolyte: active site studies

Although the non-precious metal catalysts have been extensively studied as low-cost catalyst alternatives to Pt for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the nature of the active ORR catalytic sites is still a subject of controversy.

Simultaneous formation of nitrogen and sulfur-doped transition metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction through pyrolyzing carbon-supported copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt

In this work, we report a spontaneous formation of copper (Cu–N–S/C) catalysts containing both nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) elements using a one-step pyrolysis of carbon supported copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuTSPc/C). The obtained catalysts exhibit high catalytic activities for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media. Through electrochemical measurements and physical characterizations, several observations are reached as follows: (1) different pyrolysis temperatures can result in different catalyst structures and performances, and the optimum pyrolysis temperature is found to be 700 °C; (2) the electron transfer number of the ORR process catalyzed by the unpyrolyzed catalyst is about 2.5, after the pyrolysis, this number is increased to 3.5, indicating that the pyrolysis process can change the ORR pathway from a 2-electron transfer dominated process to a 4-electron transfer dominated one; (3) increasing catalyst loading from 40 μg cm−2 to 505 μg cm−2 can effectively improve the catalytic ORR activity, under which the percentage of H2O2 produced decreases sharply from 39.5% to 7.8%; and (4) the Cu ion can bond on pyridinic–N, graphite–N and C–Sn–C to form Cu–N–S/C catalyst active sites, which play the key role in the ORR activity.

This article is a serial study's: Dyestuff Aggregation Observed by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. (Part 2). Interaction between the Dyestuff Aggregates in Aqueous Solution.

The small-angle X-ray scattering from dyestuff in aqueous solution reveals a peak around 0.1 A-1 caused by the electrostatic interaction between the aggregated particles. By assuming that the scattering profile is composed of the product of the particle scattering from an isolated particle and the interference, the interaction between aggregated particles was evaluated in terms of the hybrid of a Gaussian-type and stretched exponential function, The two dyestuffs chosen to demonstrate the present method, were the reactive dye C.I. Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) and the acid dye copper phthalocyanine tetra-sulfonic acid tetra-sodium salt (CuPc); these dyes have the dimensions of a flat molecule and a symmetrical disk, respectively.