Copper Oxide Nanomaterials Research Articles

Antibacterial Properties of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (Review).

The use of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles is frequently regarded as a potential solution to the issue of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Among the proposed range of nanoparticles with antibacterial properties, copper oxide nanoparticles are of particular interest. Although the antibacterial properties of copper have been known for a considerable period of time, studies on the effects of copper oxide nanomaterials with respect to biological systems have attracted considerable attention in recent years. This review presents a summary of the antibacterial properties of copper oxide nanoparticles, the mechanisms by which the antibacterial effect is realized, and the key reported methods of modifying these nanoparticles to improve their antibacterial activity. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of these nanoparticles is presented depending on the type of microorganism, the shape of the nanoparticles, and the Gram classification of bacteria based on data from published sources. In addition, the review addresses the biological activities of copper oxide nanoparticles, including their antifungal and cytotoxic properties, as well as their "antioxidant" activity. According to the conducted analysis of the literature data, it can be concluded that copper oxide nanoparticles have a significant bacteriostatic potential with respect to a wide range of microorganisms and, in some cases, contribute to the inhibition of fungal growth. At the same time, the sensitivity of Gram-positive bacteria to the effect of copper oxide nanoparticles was often higher than that of Gram-negative bacteria.

Oxidative stress, histopathological and genotoxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles in Biomphalaria alexandrina snail

AbstractHigher usage of copper oxide nanomaterials in industrial and biomedical fields may cause an increase of these nanoparticles in aquatic environments, which could have a detrimental ecological effect. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles on the freshwater gastropod, Biomphalaria alexandrina. Transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis and UV–VIS spectrophotometer of CuO NPs revealed a typical TEM image and a single crystal structure with average crystallite size of approximately 40 nm also, a sharp absorption band was appeared. Following exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of CuO NPs (LC10, 15.6 mg/l and LC25, 27.2 mg/l), treated snails revealed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in total antioxidant capacity, reduced glutathione contents as well as catalase, and sodium dismutase activities were significantly declined (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control group. Also, histopathological alterations were observed in the digestive gland, including ruptured and vacuolated digestive cells, and a marked increase in the number of secretory cells and the severity of the damage increased with rising concentrations. Furthermore, changes in RAPD profiles were detected in the treated snails. In conclusion, our research highlights the potential ecological impact of CuO NPs release in aquatic ecosystems and advocates for improved monitoring and regulation of CuO NPs industrial usage and disposal.

Effect of nanomaterials on the melting/freezing characteristics of phase-change material

A novel variant of composite phase-change material (PCM) was developed by incorporating 0.5 wt% aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), copper (II) oxide (CuO) and silver (Ag) nanomaterials into myristic acid. In this formulation, myristic acid served as the foundational material, while aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, copper (II) oxide and silver were employed as supporting components. The morphology and crystalline structure of the nanomaterials were studied using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. The composite PCMs were fabricated using a two-step process. The phase-change properties of the composite PCMs were assessed using differential scanning calorimetry. The nanomaterials (0.5 wt% aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, copper (II) oxide and silver) were suspended in myristic acid separately to investigate the heat-transfer performance of the composite PCMs during phase-change processes (melting and freezing). The results clearly indicated that the duration of the melting and freezing processes of the composite PCMs decreased compared with that of the pure PCM. Thus, the newly prepared composite PCMs are potential candidates for harvesting solar energy for low-temperature heating applications.

Facet-Dependent Oxysulfidation of Cu2O Nanomaterials: Implications for Improving the Efficacy of Nanopesticides

Copper (hydr)oxide nanomaterials are an important class of nanomaterials with various applications, including next-generation pesticides. The efficacy of these materials is largely affected by oxysulfidation, one of the most important...

Eco-friendly synthesis of copper oxide nanomaterial by using Musa paradisiaca leaves extract and their slow pyrolysis or catalytic reduction activities

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have been prepared via sol-gel synthetic approach using aqueous leaves extract of Musa paradisiacal and copper chloride dehydrate salt. UV visible spectroscopy showed maximum peak for CuO NPs at 535 nm. Additionally, the SEM XRD techniques confirmed spherical shape of CuO NPs with average size of 15 nm. Nitro compounds have been carefully chosen as a tested contaminant to study performance of CuO NPs. Catalytic reduction of nitro compounds was investigated under different temperatures to evaluate thermodynamic studies. According to the results, catalytic reduction of nitro compounds obeys Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. The value of apparent rate constant shows a linear trend with catalyst concentration. The catalytic pyrolysis of corncob biomass in the presence of CuO NPs showed more bio-oil (46.13 %) yield as compared to ZSM-5 (40.07 %) and without catalyst (37.09 %) reactions. The data also confirmed that CuO NPs showed excellent performance as a micro-reactor for catalytic degradation of nitro compounds and catalytic pyrolysis. The CuO NPs have been isolated and reused in 5 consecutive cycles with good and reproducible excellent performance.

Irreversibility and nanomaterials shape consequences on peristalsis of magneto hybrid nanofluid via curved configuration with homogeneous–heterogeneous chemical reactions

Over the last decade, research on nanofluids has grown at a breakneck pace. As part of their nanofluid research, researchers have recently attempted to use hybrid nanofluids, made by combining different nanomaterials. The novelty of this analysis is to inspect the consequences of entropy generation on the peristalsis of a hybrid nano-liquid via a curved conduit with homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions. Hybrid nanofluid is formed of copper and iron oxide nanomaterials added to water. Furthermore, the simplified model also considered the Hall current, viscous dissipation, and electrical resistance heating effects. The Hamilton–Crosser thermal conductivity model is used to study the nanomaterials shape effects (i.e. sphere, platelet, and blade) on the thermal features of hybrid nano-liquids. Mathematical expressions for the flow problem are simplified by employing the small wave and Reynolds numbers assumptions, which are then resolved analytically and numerically. Analytical results are used to scrutinize the impacts of several included quantities on the flow and thermal characteristics, chemically reactive concentration, and entropy creation. It is found that with a rise in Hartmann number, the velocity reduces, whereas an improvement is noted in temperature and entropy production for large values of Hartmann number. The noteworthy discoveries indicate that hybrid nano-liquids exhibit enhanced thermal efficiency when compared to conventional nanofluids. Specifically, the introduction of a small quantity of ferrous oxide nanoparticles into the copper–water nanofluid led to less than 2% increase in the thermal transport rate. Additionally, it was observed that spherical-shaped nanoparticles generate more heat in comparison to platelets and blade-shaped nanoparticles. Furthermore, the homogenous reaction parameter and Schmidt number lead to a drop in the concentration profile.

Rational design of self-assembled copper oxide nanoparticles into hierarchical nanorods with high-surface-area for environmental remediation of wastewater

The coordinated generation of hierarchical structures is a difficult task that necessitates accurate control over a number of variables such as assembly shape, array dimensions, peripheral spacing, and uniformity. In this study, we successfully synthesized self-assembled copper oxide nanomaterials using hydrothermal processes. By aggregating copper oxide nanoparticles (diameter 4–6 nm), we were able to create a hierarchical rod-like morphology with highly homogeneous particle morphology and feature sizes ranging from 50 to 200 nm. We thoroughly investigated the methods of self-assembly of CuO nanorod formations, as well as the influence of templates on the materials' structure. Our analysis included powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM, N2 sorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) methods. N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm indicated high surface areas (125–190 m2/g) and limited pore diameter (less than 5 nm) for different samples. Furthermore, XPS examination demonstrated that the materials have a high concentration of Cu2+ groups, which serve as active sites for dichromate anion adsorption. We further investigated the adsorption process using Langmuir, Freundlich and Weber–Morris models and found that these CuO nanorods can perform as a highly powerful and recyclable adsorbent for hazardous dichromate from wastewater. Our findings have significant implications for the progress of new materials for environmental remediation and other applications.

Exploring the high activity of hierarchical copper oxide nanomaterials: Unveiling the influence of reduced size and enhanced surface area

The development of 3D hierarchical architectures composed of nanometer-sized primary building blocks holds great promise for a wide range of applications. Here, we present a simple synthesis method for hierarchical CuO nanomaterials. HRTEM images revealed that the CuO nanoparticles had a diameter of 4–6 nm and were aggregated to form a hierarchical rod-like morphology. Nitrogen sorption isotherm indicated that the samples possessed high surface areas (125–190 m2/g). The obtained CuO nanomaterials demonstrated remarkable catalytic activity in the reduction of methyl orange, methyl red, and 4-nitrophenol. Furthermore, the CuO nanomaterials exhibited excellent recycling ability, making them highly favorable and efficient catalysts.

Hepatic ultrastructural alterations induced by copper oxide nanoparticles: In vivo electron microscopy study.

Copper oxide nanomaterials (CuO NPs) have been widely utilized in many fields, including antibacterial materials, anti-tumor, osteoporosis treatments, imaging, drug delivery, cosmetics, lubricants for metallic coating, the food industry, and electronics. Little is known about the potential risk to human health and ecosystems. The present work was conducted to investigate the ultrastructural changes induced by 20 ± 5nm CuO NPs in hepatic tissues. Adult healthy male Wister albino rats were exposed to 36 intraperitoneal (ip) injections of 25nm CuO NPs (2mg/kg bw). Liver biopsies from all rats under study were processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) processing and examination for hepatic ultrastructural alterations. The hepatic tissue of rats exposed to repeated administrations of CuO NPs exhibited the following ultrastructural alterations: extensive mitochondrial damage in the form of swelling, crystolysis and matrix lysis, formation of phagocytized bodies and myelin multilayer figures, lysosomal hyperplasia, cytoplasmic degeneration and vacuolation, fat globules precipitation, chromatin clumping, and nuclear envelope irregularity. The findings indicated that CuO NPs interact with the hepatic tissue components and could induce alterations in the hepatocytes with the mitochondria as the main target organelles of copper nanomaterials. More work is recommended for better understanding the pathogenesis of CuO NPs.

Hydrothermally synthesized three-dimensional hierarchical CuO nanomaterials for energy storage applications

Copper oxide is a promising material for various applications because it exhibits excellent properties in different nanostructures. Highly porous nanomaterials are better suited to a variety of applications, including charge storage supercapacitors. In this research article, the binder-free, flower-like three-dimensional hierarchical copper oxide (3Dh-CuO) nanomaterials on stainless steel (SS) substrates via a hydrothermal technique for charge storage supercapacitor applications has been studied. The flower-like 3Dh-CuO monoclinic polycrystalline structures were confirmed by morphological and structural analysis. The quantum confinement effect was observed on a flower-like 3Dh-CuO nanomaterial. The Quantum Confinement Semiconductor (QCS) exhibits excellent charge storage electrochemical performance. The maximum specific capacitance of binder-free, flower-like 3Dh-CuO nanomaterials is 1312.8 Fg−1 at a 2 mVs−1 sweep rate and 1301.3 Fg−1 at a 1.0 mA cm−2 current density in 1 M KOH electrolyte. The maximum energy density (ED) is 152.73 Wh kg−1 and the power density (PD) is 4.33 kW kg−1. The Solid Asymmetric Hybrid Supercapacitor (SAsHSc)device of the flower-like 3Dh-CuO shows a capacitance of 172.8 Fg-1 at 10 mVs−1 in the 1.6 V potential, with the highest cycling stability up to 3000 cycles having 77.66% retention. The binder-free, flower-like 3Dh-CuO electrodes have been considered a potential candidate material for electrochemical supercapacitors.

Computational and statistical exploration of a Riga plate sensor's activity in a Casson hybrid nanofluid with Arrhenius chemical kinetics

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluids in biotechnology, bioinformatics, and microbiology. This study introduces a precise framework for analyzing the behavior of such nanofluids, employing the Casson fluid model. The investigation takes into account the presence of a perforated Riga plate sensor, which functions as an electromagnetic actuator. Additionally, the study considers the influence of Arrhenius chemical kinetics and heat radiation. The hybrid nanofluid under examination is created by blending copper and aluminium oxide nanomaterials with ethylene glycol (EG). To compute the resulting ordinary differential equations (ODEs), numerical algorithms, specifically the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45) and the shooting methods, are employed. The computational findings are presented using graphs and tables, illustrating the impact of critical physical parameters on transport profiles using Mathematica software. The results show higher concentrations of nanoparticles and temperature levels in Casson hybrid nanofluids compared to Casson nanofluids, while fluid velocity exhibits an inverse pattern. In addition, incorporating the chemical reaction parameter yielded a substantial 20% enhancement in the Sherwood number, accompanied by a concurrent 5% reduction in the Nusselt number. Furthermore, the study investigates the influence of the thermophoresis parameter, activation energy parameter, and Brownian motion parameter on the sensitivity of Sherwood and Nusselt Numbers, employing the Response-Surface-Methodology (RSM). The results highlight the significant impact of Nusselt numbers on thermophoresis and Brownian motion, as they are highly responsive to variations. Notably, among all physical entities, the Sherwood number is the most susceptible to changes in the activation energy parameter.

Recyclability and catalytic characteristics of copper oxide nanoparticles derived from bougainvillea plant flower extract for biomedical application

Abstract This work aims to investigate the environmentally sustainable technique to synthesize the copper nanoparticles using bougainvillea flower ethanolic extract at ambient temperature. Copper nanoparticles have considerable potential for reducing the environment’s harmful pigments and nitrogen contaminants. The oxidized copper nanoscale catalysts are enclosed inside nanomaterial, which work as a benign and sustainable resource for capping agents. Ultraviolet spectroscopic, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray crystallography (XRD) techniques were used to evaluate the produced oxidized copper nanocrystals. The particles produced have been very robust, are cylindrical in form, and have an outer diameter of 12 nm. Furthermore, under normal conditions, copper oxide (CuO) nanomaterials demonstrated strong photocatalytic efficiency in liquid media for the oxidation of Congo red, bromothymol blue, and 4-nitrophenol in an acidic solution acetic anhydride. Moreover, the CuO nanocrystalline enzyme could be readily vortexed or used for five cycles with an exchange rate of even over 90%. The evaporation process caused around 18% of the loss of weight between 25°C and 190°C, while soil organic breakdown caused almost 31% of the loss of weight around 700°C. As a result, the little reduction in enzymatic effectiveness of the recoverable multilayer CuO substrate might be attributed to catalytic degradation throughout spinning and processing.

Activated peroxymonosulfate with co-doped copper oxide nanomaterials for highly efficient degradation of organic pollutants

In the current work, a series of novel cobalt-doped copper oxide nanomaterials (Co-CuOT, subscript ‘T’ means ‘calcination temperature’) were prepared through the chemical reduction method following by calcination. Their reactivities were screened for the degradation of various organic pollutants including p-chlorophenol (4-CP) in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as oxidant precursor. These as-prepared Co-CuOT nanomaterials possess exposed active surface as well as positive Cu-Co synergistic effect, and further enhances the 4-CP degradation by activating PMS. The Co-CuO300/PMS exhibited the best ability toward the 4-CP degradation, achieving 100% degradation of 4-CP and excess 80 % removal efficiency of total organic carbon (TOC) within 10 min at room temperature. The Co-CuO300 sample is two to thirteen folds dominative than the other samples (Co-CuO400, Co-CuO500, CuOcds and CoB), respectively. Attractive reactivities of Co-CuOT nano-catalysts are attributed to the amounts of oxygen vacancies, copper-cobalt synergy, and increased generation of reactive radicals. Based on quenching experiment and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis, the degradation of 4-CP in the PMS/Co-CuO300 system was found to mainly depend on the species of free radicals, e. g., hydroxyl radical (•OH), sulfate radical (SO4•−). Meanwhile, Co-CuO300 displayed better recyclability and anti-interference ability. The reactivated catalyst after the fifth run still showed high degradation activity, even completely eliminating 4-CP. Substrate expense indicate that the Co-CuO300/PMS system exhibited high efficiency in the degradation of various types of organic pollutants including phenolic compounds and antibiotics under mild conditions. Phytotoxicity assessment showed that mung beans grew well in both the deionized water and the filtered degradation solution, suggesting highly remarkable elimination of 4-CP in Co-CuO300/PMS system. Overall, Co-CuOT nanocomposites hold great promise for large-scale practical application in the activation of PMS and subsequent degradation of organic pollutants.

Polyol Synthesis of Ag-Doped Copper Oxide Nanoparticles as a Methylene Blue-Degrading Agent

The use of metal oxide nanomaterials as photocatalysts for wastewater treatment has received significant attention in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties. In this study, we use a polyol-mediated refluxing method to synthesize silver-incorporated copper oxide nanomaterials (Ag@CuO NMs). The use of tetra butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) as a capping agent and ethylene glycol as a reducing agent for Ag+ to Ag is elaborated upon. The prepared Ag@CuO NMs were tested for their ability to degrade water pollutants, specifically methylene blue (MB) dye. Two different Ag contents, weights of 3% and 5%, were used to produce modified CuO-based nanomaterials. The crystalline structures of the NMs were characterized via XRD diffraction, and the morphology of the materials was investigated using FE-SEM. The optical properties were studied using UV-vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the Ag@CuO NMs was evaluated by analyzing the degradation of MB dye when exposed to UV-visible light. Our results showed that the 5% weight Ag@CuO NM sample exhibited the most efficient degradation activity against MB dye. Therefore, these nanomaterials hold potential for photocatalytic applications, particularly for wastewater purification.

Exploring the scalability and commercial viability of biosynthesized nanoparticles for cooling panels with the help of Artificial Intelligence and solar energy systems

In recent years, the eco-friendly and sustainable nature of biosynthesized nanoparticles has led to increasing interest in their use in a variety of applications. This study examines the use of biomaterials to create nanoparticles that have been shown to improve the efficiency and performance of medical devices such as radiation therapy cancer treatment machines, blood cooling systems, laboratory applications, CT scanners, and MRI machines. The study focuses on the production of the nanoparticles and the assessment of their physical characteristics, such as stability, biocompatibility, and optical and thermal properties. AI-IoT (Artificial Intelligence-Internet of Things) systems can be used to optimize the performance and energy efficiency of solar cooling panel systems. The findings indicate that because of their special characteristics, biosynthesized nanoparticles have a tremendous potential to enhance the efficiency of solar equipment. In this investigation, we investigate the biosynthesis of copper oxide, aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, and graphene oxide nanomaterials for use in solar application equipment. Furthermore, the nanoparticles exhibit enhanced optical and thermal properties, making them ideal for use in solar thermal collectors and photovoltaic cells. The study also demonstrates that the biosynthesized nanoparticles have a high degree of stability and biocompatibility, which makes them suitable for use in medical and biomedical applications. Incorporating graphene oxide nanoparticles into films increased the energy conversion efficiency by 15% compared to films without nanoparticles. The waste nanoparticles can be further used for cancer therapy, medication transport, and other medicinal procedures. Overall, the findings suggest that biosynthesized nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionize the biomedical industry by improving the performance of solar equipment and making it more sustainable and eco-friendlier.

Copper oxide nanomaterial induced genotoxicity and mutagenic potential of an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita after in vivo exposure

Copper oxide nanomaterial induced genotoxicity and mutagenic potential of an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita after in vivo exposure

Differences in toxicity and accumulation of metal from copper oxide nanomaterials compared to copper sulphate in zebrafish embryos: Delayed hatching, the chorion barrier and physiological effects

The mechanisms of toxicity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to the early life stages of freshwater fish, and the relative hazard compared to dissolved metals, is only partially understood. In the present study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to lethal concentrations of copper sulphate (CuSO4) or copper oxide (CuO) ENMs (primary size ∼15 nm), and then the sub-lethal effects investigated at the LC10 concentrations over 96 h. The 96 h-LC50 (mean ± 95% CI) for CuSO4 was 303 ± 14 µg Cu L−1 compared to 53 ± 9.9 mg L−1 of the whole material for CuO ENMs; with the ENMs being orders of magnitude less toxic than the metal salt. The EC50 for hatching success was 76 ± 11 µg Cu L−1 and 0.34 ± 0.78 mg L−1 for CuSO4 and CuO ENMs respectively. Failure to hatch was associated with bubbles and foam-looking perivitelline fluid (CuSO4), or particulate material smothering the chorion (CuO ENMs). In the sub-lethal exposures, about 42% of the total Cu as CuSO4 was internalised, as measured by Cu accumulation in the de-chorionated embryos, but for the ENMs exposures, nearly all (94%) of the total Cu was associated with chorion; indicating the chorion as an effective barrier to protect the embryo from the ENMs in the short term. Both forms of Cu exposure caused sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+), but not magnesium (Mg2+), depletion from the embryos; and CuSO4 caused some inhibition of the sodium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase) activity. Both forms of Cu exposure caused some loss of total glutathione (tGSH) in the embryos, but without induction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In conclusion, CuSO4 was much more toxic than CuO ENMs to early life stage zebrafish, but there are subtle differences in the exposure and toxic mechanisms for each substance.

Wearable Noninvasive Glucose Sensor Based on CuxO NFs/Cu NPs Nanocomposites.

Designing highly active material to fabricate a high-performance noninvasive wearable glucose sensor was of great importance for diabetes monitoring. In this work, we developed CuxO nanoflakes (NFs)/Cu nanoparticles (NPs) nanocomposites to serve as the sensing materials for noninvasive sweat-based wearable glucose sensors. We involve CuCl2 to enhance the oxidation of Cu NPs to generate Cu2O/CuO NFs on the surface. Due to more active sites endowed by the CuxO NFs, the as-prepared sample exhibited high sensitivity (779 μA mM-1 cm-2) for noninvasive wearable sweat sensing. Combined with a low detection limit (79.1 nM), high selectivity and the durability of bending and twisting, the CuxO NFs/Cu NPs-based sensor can detect the glucose level change of sweat in daily life. Such a high-performance wearable sensor fabricated by a convenient method provides a facile way to design copper oxide nanomaterials for noninvasive wearable glucose sensors.

Environment effects upon electrodeposition of thin film copper oxide nanomaterials

We set out to assess the electrochemical synthesis of Cu2O nanomaterials using a range of electrolytes from mono-anionic and mixed anionic solutions and the effect this has on the morphology, size, concentration, and optoelectronic properties.

Duchsnea indica plant extract mediated synthesis of copper oxide nanomaterials for antimicrobial activity and free-radical scavenging assay

Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has developed into a key topic in nanotechnology due to its potential in the development of new technologies. The method described in current study is safe for the environment and doesn't include any harmful components. Chitosan and the aromatic medicinal herb Duchsnea indica have been combined to produce environmentally friendly copper oxide nanoparticles and nanocomposites (CuO NPs/NCs). Their synthesis was verified by UV–Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), EDX, and TEM analysis. The FTIR spectra of the CuO NPs/NCs showed the presence of functional groups, such as phenolic and flavonoids that may convert Cu2+ ions into CuO NPs/NCs. The XRD pattern indicates that CuO NPs/NCs are crystalline, and have a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline structure. TEM analysis revealed that particles are having nearly spherical shape with an average size between 2 and 31 nm. The antibacterial activity of these CuO NPs/NCs against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal infections has been particularly convincing. The lowest MBC values were 91.24 μg/mL and 99.50 μg/mL, whereas the lowest MIC values were 10.30 μg/mL and 10.84 μg/mL, respectively. According to the DPPH scavenging assay, the antioxidant activity of CuONPs/NCs have shown highest degradation potential of 99.31% at a very low concentration of 50 ppm.