Copper Content In Water Research Articles

Copper surface acts as good surface for biofilm attachment

The drinking water distribution system is a huge network of pipes that travel miles before reaching the household. The age of the pipe and the material affect the water quality. The water monitoring and testing parameters are limited to water quality and not pipe health. The pipe material highly impacts the biofilm formation. Copper is commonly used for its anti-microbial property, but also aids for the attachment of bacteria onto the surface. This study was aimed at analyzing the formation of biofilm on copper in a drinking water. Copper coupons were immersed in a drinking water system for a period of six months and analyzed for biofilm formation. Microbiological enumeration were done by Heterotopic plate count and found an average of 35 CFU/ml in water and 50 CFU/ml on the copper coupon. The average copper content in water was 0.01 mg/ml. SEM analysis revealed the formation of bacterial growth and found that cocci shaped bacteria were predominating on the surface of the coupons. The copper coupon serves as a surface for the attachment of bacteria and aids in the formation of biofilm.

КОМПЛЕКСНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ОЦІНКИ ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ ВАЖКИМИ МЕТАЛАМИ ЕКОСИСТЕМ МАЛИХ РІЧОК ЗАХІДНОГО ПОДІЛЛЯ

The metal content (Ferrum, Cobalt, Manganese, Zinc, Copper) in water, bottom sediments and tissues of freshwater fish (carp, crucian carp, pike, perch) from small rivers of Western Podillya (Seret, Strypa, Zolota Lypa) was studied. High concentrations have been found in the water and bottom sediments of the Ferrum and Manganese, which is probably due to the inflow of these metals from the bottom sediments in conditions of oxygen deficiency. The high content of mobile form of Ferrum, Cobalt, Manganese in the bottom sediments of the Zolota Lypa can lead to secondary pollution of the water column and pose a potential danger to aquatic organisms. Individual mechanisms of accumulation and distribution in the body of fish were established for different metals. Higher concentrations in the liver and gills of the studied fish species of Ferrum, Manganese and Zinc and significantly lower contents of Cobalt and Copper were observed. The metal content in fish tissues was characterized by high variability, had a pronounced tissue and species specificity. Correlation relations between metal content in water, bottom sediments and fish tissues from small rivers of Western Podillia are analyzed. Positive correlations have been established between the content of the gross form of Ferrum in the bottom sediments, in the gills of crucian carp, perch and pike and the liver of perch and pike. The amount of Manganese in the water correlated with the metal content in the gills of carp and pike. The increase in the amount of Zinc in the bottom sediments (gross form) led to its accumulation in the gills of all fish species, as well as in the liver of perch and pike, as evidenced by the high positive values of Pearson's coefficients (0.71-0.91). The Copper content in water and bottom sediments (gross form) correlated with their amount in the liver of perch and pike, which may serve as a bioindication of pollution of aquatic ecosystems by this metal.

Recovery of copper salts by fluidized-bed homogeneous granulation process: High selectivity on malachite crystallization

Anthropogenic copper content in water is of health and environmental concern. Copper recovery from polluted effluents may become a possible dual solution for copper scarcity and copper pollution. In this work we study the possible removal and recovery of copper by fluidized-bed homogeneous crystallization (FBHC) from metallurgy industry effluents. This emergent technology may allow recovering high pure copper salts as granules for their ulterior reuse in different applications. Operational parameters of FBHC were optimized allowing up to 92% of copper recovery. The characterization of the spheroidal crystals obtained allowed identifying malachite as the unique crystal phase.

Fabrication of copper-selective PVC membrane electrode based on newly synthesized copper complex of Schiff base as carrier

The newly synthesized copper(II) complex of Schiff base p-hydroxyacetophenone semicarbazone was explored as neutral ionophore for the fabrication of poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) based membrane electrode selective to Cu(II) ions. The electrode shows a Nernstian slope of 29.8±0.3mV/decade with improved linear range of 1.8×10−7 to 1.0×10−1 M, comparatively lower detection limit 5.7×10−8 M between pH range of 2.0–8.0, giving a relatively fast response within 5s and can be used for at least 16weeks without any divergence in potential. The selectivity coefficient was calculated using the fixed interference method (FIM). The electrode can also be used in partially non-aqueous media having up to 25% (v/v) methanol, ethanol or acetone content with no significant change in the value of slope or working concentration range. It was successfully applied for the direct determination of copper content in water and tea samples with satisfactory results. The electrode has been used in the potentiometric titration of Cu2+ with EDTA.

Studi Kandungan Logam Berat Tembaga (Cu) pada Air, Sedimen, dan Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa) di Perairan Sungai Sayung dan Sungai Gonjol, Kecamatan Sayung, Kabupaten Demak

Study of copper (Cu) content in water, sediment, and Blood Clam (Anadara granosa) was conducted in coastal waters of Bedono, District Sayung, Demak district in 2010 and 2011. This study was done because coastal waters of Bedono (such as rivers and river Sayung Gonjol) functioned as the disposal trajectory by the industrial area located along the highway Semarang - Demak. This study aimed to analyze the heavy metal content of Cu in coastal waters and Rivers Sayung and River Gonjol, District Sayung, Demak. The study was conducted during low tide conditions (in 2010) and high tides (in 2011). The results showed that in 2010, the copper content in water of River Sayung ranged from 0.003 to 0.056 mg/l, whereas in the River Gonjol, copper content ranged from not detected - 0.026 mg/l. In 2011, copper content in water is not detected, either in the River Sayung and in the River Gonjol. Copper content in the sediment of River Sayung ranged from 4.89 to 28.75 mg/kg, and in River Gonjol from 18.77 to 71.28 mg/kg (in 2010). In 2011, copper content in the sediment of mouth of River Sayung ranged from 16.1 to 25.57 mg/kg, and in the mouth of River Gonjol ranged from 16.69 to 52.72 mg/kg. In 2010, copper content in the soft tissues of the blood clam in the mouth of River Sayung was 29.86 mg/kg, and at 31.2 mg/kg in the mouth of River Gonjol. Meanwhile, in 2011, copper content was not detected in blood clams. Overall, copper content in water, sediment, and blood clams were still below the threshold quality standard set by each authority.