Copolymer Of Epichlorohydrin Research Articles

Polyethyleneglycol bisphenol A epichlorohydrin copolymer (PEG-BEC) as a highly efficient inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in 1M HCl solutions

In this work, the corrosion inhibition performance of polyethyleneglycol bisphenol A epichlorohydrin copolymer (PEG-BEC) against mild steel in 1 M HCl was studied by electrochemical and weight loss techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) were applied to characterize the surface morphology of the mild steel samples. The corrosion mitigation efficiency was observed to rise as the concentration of PEG-BEC rises in the corrosive medium while increasing the temperature (25 °C -65 °C) resulting in a drop in the inhibition ability. Furthermore, under hydrodynamic conditions, the corrosion of the mild steel was found to deteriorate both in the absence and presence of PEG-BEC. Just with 10 ppm, an inhibition efficiency (IE) of 97.6% was obtained at 25 °C by EIS. PEG-BEC acts as a mixed-type inhibitor as observed by potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) technique. The observed corrosion inhibition action of PEG-BEC could be ascribed to the adsorption of the molecules and the formation of a protective film on the steel surface as evidenced by static water contact angle (WCA). Langmuir isotherm best describes the PEC-BEG-metal adsorption with large Kads values indicating a thermodynamically stable nature inhibition process. The obtained ∆G°ads = -35.138 to -39.522 kJ/mol indicate that the PEG-BEC spontaneously adsorbed onto the steel with strong tendency to provide protection to the mild steel surface via combination of chemisorption and physisorption processes. The ΔHads -53.07 kJ/mol and ΔSads= +0.048 kJ/mol-k, respectively, suggests an exothermic reaction accompanied by relatively increase in entropy of the PEG-BEC adsorption on the mild steel surface.

The synergistic action of cyclodextrin-based adsorbent and advanced oxidation processes for sulfamethoxazole removal from water

In this work, the removal of sulfamethoxazole from water was studied by adsorption on a cyclodextrin–epichlorohydrin copolymer and through Advanced Oxidation Processes. The adsorption was efficient and fast, requiring only 10 min to reach the equilibrium; it was also highly favored, with adsorption efficiency higher than 80%, at slightly acidic pH and at room temperature. The desorption of sulfamethoxazole was obtained by raising the temperature to 80 °C. The regenerated polymer has been reused multiple times without any loss in performance, allowing a reduction in costs associated with the process. As an alternative method to regenerate the adsorbent material, the photodegradation of sulfamethoxazole adsorbed on the polymer alone and in the presence of TiO2 as a catalyst through continuous irradiation with UV light and Pulsed Light was attempted and studied. For this purpose, polymeric adsorbents containing different amounts of TiO2 were synthesized and tested. The Pulsed Light showed the highest efficiency since it allowed the complete removal of sulfamethoxazole, regardless of the presence of TiO2 which, however, reduces adsorption efficiency of the material. Furthermore, a qualitative assessment of formed pulsed light by-products was also attempted. The remains of SMX in solution were decomposed by Pulsed Light technology and the effect of the presence of hydrogen peroxide on the photodegradation process was also studied. Despite the presence of by-products after Advanced Oxidation Processes, the procedure proposed in this work is effective and easy to apply to water treatment plants, thanks to the use of environmental-friendly adsorbents and light sources.Graphical abstract

In vivo anti-cancer activity of N-halamines

Purpose: N-halamines were known for their antimicrobial action due to the presence of halogen in their structure. In our search for new anti-cancer agents, we have evaluated the anti-cancer and anti-oxidant properties of some synthetic N-Halamines with high and low molecular weight in comparison with their non-halogenated forms. Urea epichlorohydrin copolymer (1), 4(1H, 3H-2, 6-dioxo-1, 3, 5-trizenyl)-O-iminomethylpolyethylene (3) and cynuric acid (5) in addition to their halogenated forms 2, 4 and 6 were selected for this study.
 Methodology: the toxicity for the synthesized compounds was determined. The anti-cancer and anti-oxidant activities were studied by evaluation the viability of tumor cells, life span prolongation, and estimation of antioxidants, and effects of these compounds on liver histology.
 Findings: Doses up to 2000 mg/kg indicated good safety in all investigated compounds. In Vivo antitumor activity results against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells for the investigated compounds revealed that, the volume of ascites was significantly decreased in compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 treated groups. EAC cell count was significantly reduced for similar groups, respectively, compared to the positive control group. Malonadildehyde, and nitric oxide showed a significant reduction in their levels in the treated groups, while catalase showed a significant elevation in its activity in the same groups compared to positive control group.
 Conclusion: Halogenated compounds showed good anti-oxidant behavior while compound 6 showed the best anti-tumor effect.

FROST-RESISTANT RUBBER ON BASE OF COMBINATION OF BUTADIENE-NITRILE AND HYDRIN RUBBERS

The influence of hydrin rubbers on the plastic-elastic, rheometric, physical-mechanical properties and frost resistance of oil-and-petrol resistant rubber mixture of B-14 type was studied. The study was carried out with the purpose of selecting the composition of the rubber mixture, which is resistant to low temperatures and has increased operational properties. The composition of the test rubber mixture with a sulfur vulcanization system consisted of butadiene-nitrile rubber BNKS-18AMN (copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile) and hydrin rubbers T-3000 and T-6000 (copolymers of epichlorohydrin, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and allyl glycidyl ether), diphenylguanidine, zinc oxide, Agidol-2, technical carbon P 803, dibutyl sebacate and other ingredients. Rubber mixture was prepared by mixing caoutchoucs with ingredients on lab rolls LB 320 150/150. For the rubber mixture variants, the elastomeric properties on the viscosimeter MV 3000 and the vulcanization characteristics on the rheometer MDR 3000 of firm «Mon Tech» were investigated. The rubber mixture was vulcanized in a two-storey hydraulic electrically heated press VP-400-2E at a temperature of 150 °C for 40 min. Studies of the elastic-strength properties of rubber were carried out in accordance with the standards existing for the rubber industry. The frost resistance of rubber was investigated by determining the temperature limit of brittleness and by of method differential scanning calorimetry. The study of thermo-aggression resistance of vulcanizates was carried out by determining the change in their elastic-strength properties after prolonged thermal exposure to air and standard liquid SZHR-1, as well as changes in volume and mass after aging in technical oil AMG-10. As a result of the research it was established that the rubber mixture based on the combination of BNKS-18AMN and T-6000 rubbers can be used for the manufacture of frost-resistant rubber products and sealing elements for oil and gas industries that can work at elevated temperatures with improved elastic-strength and operational properties.Forcitation:Ushmarin N.F., Egorov E.N., Koltsov N.I. Frost-resistant rubber on base of combination of butadiene-nitrile and hydrin rubbers. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 8. P. 60-64.

In vivo Anti-Cancer Activity of N-halamines

Purpose: N-halamines were known for their antimicrobial action due to the presence of halogen in their structure. In our search for new anti-cancer agents, we have evaluated the anti-cancer and anti-oxidant properties of some synthetic N-Halamines with high and low molecular weight in comparison with their non-halogenated forms. Urea epichlorohydrin copolymer (1), 4(1H, 3H-2, 6-dioxo-1, 3, 5-trizenyl)-O-iminomethylpolyethylene (3) and cynuric acid (5) in addition to their halogenated forms 2, 4 and 6 were selected for this study. Methodology: the toxicity for the synthesized compounds was determined. The anti-cancer and anti-oxidant activities were studied by evaluation the viability of tumor cells, life span prolongation, and estimation of antioxidants, and effects of these compounds on liver histology. Findings: Doses up to 2000 mg/kg indicated good safety in all investigated compounds. In Vivo antitumor activity results against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells for the investigated compounds revealed that, the volume of ascites was significantly decreased in compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 treated groups. EAC cell count was significantly reduced for similar groups, respectively, compared to the positive control group. Malonadildehyde, and nitric oxide showed a significant reduction in their levels in the treated groups, while catalase showed a significant elevation in its activity in the same groups compared to positive control group. Conclusion: Halogenated compounds showed good anti-oxidant behavior while compound 6 showed the best anti-tumor effect.

Photoswitchable nanocomposites made from coumarin-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals

Coumarin derivatives can undergo dimerization reactions upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light with a wavelength of >300 nm. We exploited this effect to develop mechanically adaptive nanocomposites in which UV light can be used to change the material properties. Thus, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) derived from tunicates were functionalized with 7-coumaryl-(6-isocyanatohexyl) carbamate to afford coumarin-derivatized CNCs (Cou-CNCs). Light-responsive nanocomposites were prepared by reinforcing a rubbery ethylene oxide–epichlorohydrin copolymer (EO–EPI) matrix with Cou-CNCs. The as-prepared nanocomposites show a significantly increased tensile storage modulus (E′) in comparison to the neat EO–EPI. For example, E′ at 25 °C increased from 4 MPa to 199 MPa upon introduction of 10% w/w Cou-CNCs. E′ increased further to 291 MPa upon irradiation with 365 nm UV light, whereas control nanocomposites with neat CNCs did not display any significant increase in E′ under the same conditions. The optically induced reaction between Cou-CNCs also reduced the swelling of the EO–EPI/Cou-CNC nanocomposites upon exposure to water as well as the extent of water-induced softening.

Natural and synthetic polymers for water treatment against dissolved pharmaceuticals

AbstractDissolved pharmaceuticals were removed by adsorption on some natural and synthetic polymers. Cellulose, chitosan, and sodium alginate were selected as examples of natural polymers while a synthetic copolymer of epichlorohydrin and urea was prepared for comparison. Water contaminated with some antibiotics was treated with these polymers using stirred flask and column methods. The particles size of the investigated materials was increased up to 2 mm diameter by converting them into beads. Combinations of polymers, natural or synthetic, were used together to improve their behavior. The synthetic polymer has shown better removal effect than that of natural ones. It has removed up to 75% of the drug in 6 h. Chitosan was the best natural polymers in removing dissolved drugs; up to 13% of the drug has been removed by it. The recycling properties of the polymers loaded with drugs were examined and up to 9% of the drug was successfully restored. In addition, fully loaded dry beads with drugs were grounded and recycled in an ointment as blends. Moreover, the swelling behavior of the beads in different mediums and under different conditions was examined. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40458.

Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from pseudostems of banana plants

On account of their excellent mechanical properties, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are attracting significant interest as a naturally sourced, renewable and inexpensive component of a broad range of nanomaterials. CNCs can be extracted from virtually any natural cellulosic material, but characteristic properties such as maximum aspect ratio, crystal structure, and crystallinity vary considerably between sources. In this work, the isolation of CNCs from the pseudostems of banana plants was explored. The dried stems from the species musa sapientum linn were first cleaned by Soxhlet extraction, alkali treatment and bleaching and subsequently hydrolyzed to CNCs using sulfuric acid. The hydrolysis time was systematically varied, with the objective to maximize the length (L = 375 ± 100 nm) and aspect ratio (A = 28) of the resulting CNCs. The surface charge density of the CNCs thus isolated was 168 mmol kg−1, the predominant crystal structure was that of cellulose I, and the crystallinity was 74%. In order to elucidate the reinforcing capability of the new CNCs, nanocomposites with an ethylene oxide–epichlorohydrin copolymer were prepared and their mechanical properties were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). A comparison with reference nanocomposites made with CNCs isolated from cotton shows that the new CNCs display a higher reinforcing capability.

Detection of chloroform in water using an azo dye-modified β-cyclodextrin – Epichlorohydrin copolymer as a fluorescent probe

Chlorination disinfection by-products (DBPs) in water pose a health threat to humans and the aquatic environment. Their detection in water sources is therefore vital. Herein we present the detection of chloroform, a DBP, using a molecular fluorescent probe. The detection was based on the quenching of fluorescence of the probe by chloroform due to host–guest complex formation between β-cyclodextrin in the probe and the chloroform molecule. The stability constant for the host–guest complex was high at 3.825×104M−1. Chloroform quenched the fluorescence of the copolymer the most compared to the other small chlorinated compounds studied, suggesting that the probe was more sensitive to chloroform, with a sensing factor of 0.35 compared to as low as 0.0073 for dichloromethane. There was no interference from other chloroalkanes on the quenching efficiency of chloroform. The probe was used to detect chloroform in dam water as well as in bottled water. Detection of chloroform in both water samples using the probe was possible without chemically treating the water samples which may introduce other pollutants.

Novel PEO-based dendronized polymers for lithium-ion batteries

A new family of dendronized polymers has been synthesized by functionalizing ethylene oxide–epichlorohydrin copolymer with aromatic ether dendrons based on 3,5-dibenzyl ether. The polymers were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and tested for possible application as an electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. The polymer with increased size of dendritic residue exhibited improved ionic conductivity and excellent thermal stability. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were performed to determine the thermal stability and crystallinity of the polymeric material. Incorporation of bulky dendritic pendent moieties into the polymer backbone effectively breaks down the crystallinity of these polymers.

Blends of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and a poly(epichlorohydrin- co-ethylene oxide) copolymer: thermal and CO 2 transport properties

In this work the miscibility and the carbon dioxide transport properties of a bacterial, isotactic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (iPHB) and its blends with a copolymer of epichlorohydrin and ethylene oxide (ECH- co-EO) have been studied. Blends were prepared by solution/precipitation. The aim to obtain miscible blends of iPHB with a rubbery second component (such as the ECH- co-EO copolymer) is to have mixtures with glass transition temperatures below room temperature. In these conditions, the iPHB chains not involved in the crystalline regions retain its mobility. This mobility seems to be necessary for the attack of microorganisms and the corresponding biodegradability. Miscibility is the general rule of these mixtures, as shown by the existence of a single glass transition temperature for each blend and by the depression of the iPHB melting point. The interaction energy density stabilising the mixtures, calculated using the Nishi–Wang treatment, was similar to those of other polymer mixtures involving different polyesters and poly(epichlorohydrin) (PECH) and ECH- co-EO copolymers. The so-called binary interaction model has been used in order to simulate the evolution of the interaction energy density with the ECH- co-EO copolymer composition. Previously reported experimental data on blends of iPHB with PECH and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) have been used to quantify the required segmental interaction energy densities. In the determination of the CO 2 transport properties of the mixtures, only iPHB rich blends containing up to 40% of copolymer were considered. The effect of the ECH- co-EO copolymer is to increase the sorption and the diffusion of the penetrant (and, consequently, the permeability) with respect to the values of the pure iPHB. This is primarily due to the reduction of the global crystallinity of the blends and to the low barrier character of the ECH- co-EO copolymer. Sorption data can be reasonably reproduced using an extension of the Henry's law to ternary systems.

Ring-opening copolymerization of epoxy-terminated polystyrene macromer with epichlorohydrin and study on properties of the copolymers

The synthesis and ring-opening copolymerization of epoxy-terminated polystyrene (PS-ep) macromer with epichlorohydrin (ECH) as well as some properties of the graft copolymers, were studied. The results showed that content of the epoxy-terminated macromer in the crude macromer can be increased by anionic polymerization of styrene in cyclohexane, and capping with propylene sulfide, followed by termination with ECH at 0 °C. The ring-opening copolymerization of ECH with the macromer can be performed by using a quaternary catalyst system which was composed of triisobutyl aluminium–phosphoric acid–water–amine in the molar ratio of 1:0.25:0.25:0.1–0.15. When the charging weight percentage of PS-ep/ECH=25–65% and M n of PS-ep was 2.6–10×10 3, the conversion of ECH was greater than 95% and the conversion of the macromer or grafting efficiency was 35–65%. The purified copolymer was characterized by IR, 1H NMR and dynamic viscoelastometer to be a copolymer of ECH with polystyrene (PS) grafts. Transmission electron microscope showed the existence of PS domains in the continuous phase of polyepichlorohydrin (PECH). In a certain range of compositions the graft copolymer behaves like a thermoplastic elastomer. The graft copolymer can be melted and processed repeatedly. Its oil and solvent resistance were better than PS and similar to PECH rubber. The graft copolymer can be used as a compatibilizer for blending PECH with PS to form thermoplastic elastomer blends. Only 2% of it based on the blend is needed to raise the tensile strength of the blends obviously.

β-Cyclodextrin epichlorohydrin copolymer as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent for aromatic compounds in water samples

A novel solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure for trace aromatic compounds in water samples has been developed using 12 aromatic compounds as model compounds and GC–MS and UV spectrophotometry for detection. The method is based on the fact that β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) epichlorohydrin (ECH) copolymer (β-CDEP) can extract non-ionized aromatic compounds quantitatively from aqueous samples. The polymer used is a colorless, transparent and insoluble solid with a maximum capacity of 0.82 μmol aromatic compounds per gram. It was synthesized by co-polymerization of β-CD and ECH and characterized by FT-IR and UV. β-CDEP does not contain double bonds, and therefore it does not have appreciable absorbance in the UV region. The optimum pH range for the extraction of aromatic compounds is 2.5–5.0. The method has high extraction efficiency with the recoveries between 90 and 101% for aromatic compounds at 0.02–1.67 ppm levels, and the analytes can be easily eluted by methanol washing after preconcentration.

Ring‐opening polymerization of epichlorohydrin and its copolymerization with other alkylene oxides by quaternary catalyst system

AbstractAn effective quaternary catalyst consisting of trialkyl aluminum, phosphoric acid, electron donor, and water for ring‐opening polymerization of epichlorohydrin (ECH), as well as its copolymerization with ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), and allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) to obtain elastomers, were studied. We investigated the optimum composition for the quaternary catalyst; the character of the catalyst; the reactivity of the four alkylene oxides during homopolymerization and copolymerization; the behavior of ECH, EO, and PO during terpolymerization; and glass transition temperatures of the copolymer and terpolymers. The results showed that the nitrogen‐containing electron donors are suitable as the third component, whereas oxygen‐containing electron donors are not. Water as the fourth component can increase the molecular weight of the homopolymer and copolymers of ECH. According to the polymerizability of tetrahydrofuran with the quaternary catalyst and the reactivity ratios of the four alkylene oxides, the quaternary catalyst was assumed to be of a coordinated anionic type. The reactivity ratios for these four alkylene oxides were determined to be EO > PO > AGE > ECH. They were verified by terpolymerization of ECH, EO, and PO. The glass transition temperature of the terpolymer exhibits a minimum value at nearly 3:1 molar ratio of PO to EO, when the molar ratio of ECH used is constant at the beginning of terpolymerization. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2446–2454, 2001

Electrochemical properties of an alkaline solid polymer electrolyte based on P(ECH-co-EO)

Elastomers consisting of a copolymer of epichlorohydrin and ethylene oxide were studied as solid polymer electrolytes in polymer/KOH systems. This alkaline solid polymer electrolyte exhibits a high ionic conductivity at room temperature, typically 10 −3 S cm −1, as measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Moreover, it exhibits a good anionic transference number, namely 0.93, as determined by a technique derived from the Hittorf method. The potential stability window (0.9 V) has been determined by cyclic voltammetry. Initial tests concerning a nickel/metal hydride secondary battery and a zinc/air primary cell, containing this solid polymer electrolyte, show good performance of these systems in such electrolyte, at different temperatures.

New pH sensitive network: Combination of an amphiphilic degradable polyester with a β‐cyclodextrin copolymer

AbstractA novel hydrophobic monomer, ethyladamantyl malolactonate, has been synthesized and copolymerized with benzyl malolactonate by anionic ring‐opening polymerization. The ratio of adamantyl monomer varied from 0 to 100 mol%. Deprotection of benzyl groups leads to a water soluble copolyester with carboxylic acid lateral functions which give a polyelectrolyte character to the corresponding polymers. The mixture of a copolyester containing 10% of adamantyl groups and a β‐cyclodextrin/epichlorohydrin copolymer in aqueous solution leads to a new pH‐dependant associating system. The solution behavior of this system was studied by viscosimetry as a function of pH, concentration and ratio of both copolymers. At the initial solution pH (pH=2), the copolyester adopts a coiled structure as a result of hydrophobic interactions between the pendant adamantyl groups. Consequently, no network formation is observed as shown by a very low viscosity. As the pH increase, the viscosity of the medium increases and reaches a maximum at pH=5. At this pH, the copolyester expands because of electrostatic repulsions between the carboxylate pendant functions. Consequently, the adamantyl groups are accessible and can be encapsulated into the β‐cyclodextrin cavities resulting in a significant increase of the viscosity.

新規陰イオン交換樹脂MCI-196の家兎における脂質低下作用とその作用機序

Cholestyramine, an anion exchange resin, is a hypolipidemic drug widely used as the bile acids sequestrant and Lipid Research Clinics Program reports showed its clinical benefit reducing the risk of coronary heart disease due to the decrease in total and LDL cholesterol in the serum (1984).As MCI-196 a water insoluble anion exchange resin with an imidazolium base as a functional group on copolymer of epichlorohydrin and 2-methylimidazol, the hypolipidemic effects of MCI-196 were examined in both basal and 0.67% cholesterol diet fed rabbits (male New Zealand White strain) compared with cholestyramine. After cholesterol diet feeding for a week, the oral administrations of resins once a day were performed following 2 weeks at dosages of 125 and 500mg/kg, respectively.The plasma cholesterol elevation by cholesterol diet feeding was markedly inhibited by MCI-196 treatment and statistical analysis showed MCI-196 was 4.3 fold more potent than cholestyramine. The plasma phospholipid levels elevated in cholesterol diet fed rabbits were also decreased by resin treatments, which was considered to be based on the reduction of VLDL and LDL lipids. The increases in the levels of liver cholesterol and the hepatic bile cholesterol and phospholipid by cholesterol diet feeding levels were also decreased by resin treatments, which revealed the reduction of the hepatic lipid pool. Their basal levels of plasma, liver and hepatic bile in basal diet fed rabbits were slightly decreased by resin treatments. No effects of resin on the levels of liver phospholipid and triglyceride, plasma triglyceride and biliary total bile acids were observed in both basal and cholesterol diet fed rabbits. On the other hand, the fecal sterol excretion (cholesterol and bile acids) were markedly increased by MCI-196 treatment in both basal and cholesterol diet fed rabbits. Cholestyramine stimulated fecal bile acid excretion but not cholesterol.These results suggest that MCI-196 is a highly active bile acid sequestrant more than cholestyramine and inhibits the intestinal bile acid reabsorption and promotes cholesterol metabolism to bile acids and finally decreases plasma and liver cholesterol levels according to the same mechanism of cholestyramine.

Blends containing polymers of epichlorohydrin and ethylene oxide. Part I: Polymethacrylates

AbstractThe phase behavior of blends of various polymethacrylates with poly(epichlorohydrin) (PECH); poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO); and a copolymer of epichlorohydrin and ethylene oxide [P(ECH/EO)], was examined using differential scanning calorimetery (DSC), dynamic mechanical properties, and optical indications of phase separation on heating, namely lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), was shown to be miscible with PECH, PEO, and P(ECH/EO), while only PECH was found miscible with the higher polymethacrylates: poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(n‐propyl methacrylate), poly(n‐butyl methacrylate), and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate). However, even PECH was found to be only partially miscible with poly(isopropyl methacrylate). In many cases, unusually broad glass transitions were observed by DSC for blends which are believed to be the result of equilibrium composition fluctuations. All mixtures showed LCST behavior and based on this and excess volume measurements, to the extent possible, qualitative conclusions were made concerning the relative strength of the interactions among the various blend pairs. For PECH, it appears that the interaction with polymethacrylates decreases with increasing size of the alkyl pendant group, with poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) being a possible exception. The interaction with PMMA is apparently about the same for PECH and PEO, but somewhat less for P(ECH/EO). The latter is consistent with an intrachain attraction of ECH and EO believed to exist. The reasons for similar interactions of PEO and PECH with PMMA are not understood; however, it is clear that the chlorine moiety of PECH is needed for miscibility with higher polymethacrylates.

Functional Polymers. III. Endcapping and Substitution on Polymers with Compounds Containing Ultraviolet-Absorbing Groups

Abstract Endcapping of oligo(oxyethylene) glycols was carried out by transesterification of methyl N,N-dimethylaminobenzoate with sodium methoxide as the catalyst or by the reaction of sodium salicylate with the ditosyl ester of the oligo(oxyethyl-ene) glycols. Several other common reactions were tried for the endcapping of the oligo(oxyethylene) glycols but were found to be either more cumbersome or unsuccessful. All products were obtained in high yield and high purity. The reactions of tetraalkylammonium carboxylates with aliphatic halides were found to be very general and mild reactions for the preparation of esters in high yield and high purity. It was found that these reactions could be utilized for the preparation of esters on polymers even if the carboxylate group was directly attached to the polymer chain. It was also demonstrated that the aliphatic halide group could be on the polymer, as in the case of polyepichlorohydrin. Copolymers of epichlorohydrin and glycidyl N,N-dimethylaminobenzoate with up to 90% glycidyl benzoate as the comonomer were prepared, and poly(tetra-butylammonium methacrylate) was effectively transformed with 4-(2-bromoethoxy)-2-hydroxybenzophenone into the corresponding ester. The products were characterized by the usual spectral means.

Properties of Poly(Alkylene Oxide) Elastomers

Abstract The catalyst comprised of triisobutylaluminum, zinc acetylacetonate, and water was used to prepare homopolymer of epichlorohydrin; copolymers of epichlorohydrin with propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, and allyl glycidyl ether; and terpolymers of epichlorohydrin, propylene oxide, and allyl glycidyl ether and of epichlorohydrin, ethylene oxide, and allyl glycidyl ether. The vulcanizates of these rubbers provide variations of stress-strain and dynamic properties, freeze point, hardness, and solvent resistance depending on the type and amount of comonomer. In general, these rubbers have excellent heat, ozone, and oxidation resistance as well as oil and solvent resistance.