Coping Styles In Relationship Research Articles

Depremi Yaşamış Yetişkinlerde Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu ve Travma Sonrası Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkide Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzlarının Yordayıcı Rolü

Aim of this study is to examine predictive role of Stress Coping Styles in relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Post-Traumatic Growth in adults who experienced earthquake. In this research was used relational survey model one of quantitative research models. In study were compared sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, educational level and marital status of people experienced earthquake. Population of study consists of adult individuals between ages of 18-65 who experienced earthquake occurred on February 6, 2023 in center of Kahramanmaraş province. Study sample was calculated by considering Kahramanmaraş 2022 center population and consisted of 1000 people. Personal information form, IESR, PTGI and SCSI were applied to the participants of study to determine sociodemographic characteristics. In finding of research, there is positive significant relationship between score obtained from IESR and score obtained from PTGI. As participant IESR score increases their PTGI score also increases. There is negative significant relationship between IESR score and SCSI self-confidence score and positive significant relationship between helpless approach and submissive approach scores. There is negative significant relationship between PTGI score and SCSI self-confidence score and positive significant relationship with helpless approach, optimistic approach and social support seeking scores. These results show us there is relationship between PTSD and PTG. Some of sub dimensions of SCS showed it influences PTSD and PTG. In this context, psychoeducation can be given to individuals to reduce PTSD seen in individuals after earthquake, how to cope with the traumatic stress experienced and then provide post traumatic growth to individuals. Keywords: Earthquake, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Post Traumatic Growth, Stress Coping Styles

Experiences of Burden and Coping Strategies and their Associations with Mental Health and Well-Being in COPD - a Mixed Methods Study

Understanding trigger and maintaining factors regarding psychiatric comorbidities in COPD is of great importance. In the presented mixed-methods study, qualitative interview data on burden experience and coping were related to psychiatric comorbidity (using PHQ-D) and quality of live (Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedulde, PANAS and Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWLS) and extended by the Freiburg Questionnaire on Coping with Illness (FKV-LIS). The two interview questions prompting narrative were 1.) "What is currently bothering you most?"; 2.) "How do you cope with your chronic disease in everyday life?" A total of 62 patients who were hospitalized due to COPD participated. The severity of physical impairment was assessed using GOLD stage and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The interviews conducted were content analyzed and then quantified. The collected data were then compared between two groups with regard to mental distress. 13 themes of burden and 11 coping strategies were identified by content analysis. A total of 42 patients showed signs of mental distress, while 20 patients did not show signs of distress. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of sociodemographic characteristics and the severity of their physical symptoms. In the first interview question, the stressed group more frequently addressed issues related to death (35.7% versus 15.0%) and social stress (21.4% versus 0.0%). With respect to the second interview question, the nonstressed group was significantly more likely to mention strategies for consciously emphasizing positive emotions (70.0% versus 31.0%). In addition, higher scores on the FKV scales for depressive coping and trivialization and wishful thinking were evident in the stressed group. Quality of life and mental distress should be considered in clinical care for COPD. Interventions to influence illness perception and related coping styles are important, especially with regard to the development of a realistic and optimistic perspective on life and disease burden, as well as the inclusion of group and family therapeutic interventions.

Facing distress in Coronavirus era: The role of maladaptive personality traits and coping strategies

The aim of the current study was to investigate the intersecting roles of dysfunctional personality traits and coping styles in relation to psychological distress during the Italian national lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included 633 adults who completed questionnaires of maladaptive personality traits, coping styles, and psychological distress. Results indicated that all the maladaptive traits were associated with psychological distress with magnitude of associations strongest for Negative Affect and weakest for Antagonism. Maladaptive traits were also generally positively associated with avoidant/maladaptive and negatively associated with acceptance and positive reframing, forms of coping. A series of path analyses further demonstrated that coping strategies partially explained associations between maladaptive personality traits and psychological distress. All told, results suggest that during an unprecedented stressful time, associations between maladaptive personality traits and psychological distress may be, at least in part, explained by maladaptive coping strategies.

Coping Styles among People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study

People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experience a gradual loss of functional abilities that affects all facets of their daily life. There is a lack of longitudinal studies on coping styles in relation to the disease progression among people with PD. The aim of this study was to explore how coping styles in PD evolve over a 3-year period. Data from the longitudinal project “Home and Health in People Ageing with PD” was utilized (N = 158), including baseline and 3-year follow-up assessments. Coping was captured by ratings of 13 different coping styles. A factor analysis was conducted to analyse patterns of coping styles. Stability and change were analysed for each of the 13 styles with respect to the course of the disease. The factor analysis revealed four coping patterns: pessimistic, optimistic, persistent and support-seeking. The stability of each coping style over time ranged from 75.3% to 90.5%. Those who experienced a worsening of the disease were most inclined to change their coping style (p = 0.006). The results suggest that even when facing severe challenges due to PD in daily life, coping styles remain relatively stable over time. However, a worsening in PD severity appeared to trigger a certain re-evaluation of coping styles.

Mediating effect of neuroticism and negative coping style in relation to childhood psychological maltreatment and smartphone addiction among college students in China

BackgroundSmartphones are convenient for college students. However, overuse of smartphone or smartphone addiction, can lead to problems related to healthy development. The cause of smartphone addiction can be traced to adverse childhood experiences such as childhood psychological maltreatment. Therefore, exploring the cause and mechanism underlying smartphone addiction in college students with a history of childhood psychological maltreatment is crucial. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the mediating effect of neuroticism and coping style in relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and smartphone addiction among college students. MethodsThe participants included 1169 (43.8 % female and 56.2 % male) college students ranging in age from 17 to 23 years (M = 19.89, SD = 1.25). All participants completed a self-report questionnaire measuring childhood psychological maltreatment, neuroticism, coping style, and smartphone addiction symptoms. A multiple mediation model was used to test the hypotheses. ResultsFindings from mediation analysis showed that both in parallelly and sequentially, neuroticism and negative coping style mediated the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and smartphone addiction. ConclusionsThe present study can provide an understanding of how childhood psychological maltreatment influences college students’ smartphone addiction. This study also provides implications on how to reduce the effects of childhood psychological maltreatment on smartphone addiction in college students.

Depressive symptoms in Fabry disease: the importance of coping, subjective health perception and pain

BackgroundDespite the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in Fabry disease (FD), it is unclear which patient characteristics are important in relation to these symptoms. Additionally, the impact of coping styles in relation to depressive symptoms in FD has been unexplored. Determining the impact of different factors relating to depressive symptoms in FD can guide both prevention and treatment of these symptoms.MethodsDepressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CESD)) and coping styles (Utrecht Coping List) were assessed in a Dutch FD cohort. Other potentially important variables were identified from FD literature and assessed in this cohort. Relations were evaluated using multiple linear models.ResultsPotentially important variables in FD literature were: pain, unemployment, health perception, being single, comorbidities and stroke. Employed coping styles were “avoidance and brooding”, “positivity and problem solving” and “seeking social support”. Thirty-one of the 81 FD patients (38%) had depressive symptoms. CESD-scores were lower in patients with better health perception and more “positivity and problem solving” and higher in patients with more pain and “avoidance and brooding”. The best model explained 70% (95%CI: 54–76%) of observed variance of the CESD.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms in FD are related to pain, negative health perception and use of specific coping styles. Psychological interventions could be employed to alter coping behavior and alleviate depressive symptoms.

How Young Refugees Cope with Conflict in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Urban Schools

ObjectiveThis study compared how young people from diverse migration backgrounds (refugee, immigrant, and local) cope with interpersonal conflicts with an aim to understand how practitioners can most effectively support young people of different backgrounds. Productive, non‐productive, and reference to other coping styles were expected to differ according to students’ age, exposure to trauma, and migration backgrounds.MethodsMixed methods were used to explore the meaning of conflict within culturally and linguistically diverse school settings, and investigate how social factors influenced students’ preferred coping styles in relation to conflict. Eighty students attending mainstream and specialist language schools in Melbourne completed measures regarding their exposure to traumatic events and preferred coping styles when dealing with conflicts.ResultsSignificant positive correlations were found between exposure to trauma and age, as well as exposure to trauma and the use of non‐productive coping across the sample. Analyses on traumatic event items revealed that young refugees, compared to immigrant or locals, were more likely to have been exposed to events such as sudden death of a person, fire, or war zones.ConclusionsFindings suggested practitioners must consider how multiple factors such trauma, social environment, and everyday stressors influence how young people cope with conflict. Universal interventions with a problem‐solving and coping framework are likely to be beneficial to those students exposed to trauma and whole school communities.

Coping style and gender effects on attitudinal responses to incivility

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine whether emotion- and problem-focussed employee coping styles affect the relationship between workplace incivility and job attitudes (job satisfaction, sense of community), and whether these effects vary by gender.Design/methodology/approach– Survey methodology was used to obtain self-report data from a sample of 314 working adults (90 percent Hispanic, 62 percent female) enrolled in courses at a public university.Findings– Targets of workplace incivility experienced lower job satisfaction and sense of community at work. Employees who typically used problem-focussed coping (PFC) to respond to work stressors experienced greater negative outcomes associated with incivility. Mixed results were found for employees who typically engaged in emotion-focussed coping (EFC) at work: frequent use of avoidant coping and religious coping buffered against the impact of incivility, however, support seeking coping styles strengthened the negative outcomes associated with incivility. These effects varied by gender.Practical implications– The results highlight the benefits of two EFC styles (religious coping, avoidance coping) in the context of workplace incivility. The findings also indicate limitations of PFC and support seeking coping in the context of incivility. Accordingly, the authors make suggestions for managers to facilitate employees to overcome problems of incivility.Originality/value– Few studies have investigated qualities that enable employees to effectively manage incivility. Further, the role of coping styles in relation to incivility is relatively unexplored. To address these gaps, the authors examined the extent to which PFC and EFC styles impact the relationship between incivility and work attitudes.

Depression, Social Support, and Coping Styles among Pregnant Women after the Lushan Earthquake in Ya'an, China.

AimThe aim of this study is to assess the depression of pregnant women in the aftermath of an earthquake, and to identify the social support that they obtained, their coping styles and socio-demographic factors associated with depression.MethodsA total of 128 pregnant women from three hospitals in the epicenter area were recruited immediately after the Ya’an earthquake. Their depression was investigated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) with a cutoff score of 14; the social support that they obtained was measured using the Social Support Questionnaire; and their coping styles were assessed using the Coping Styles Questionnaire.ResultsImmediately after the earthquake, the incidence rate of depression in pregnant women was 35.2%, higher than that of the general pregnant population (7%-14%). The EPDS scores were significantly correlated with gestation age at the time of the earthquake, objective support, subjective support, use of support, negative coping style, and positive coping style. The regression analysis indicated that risk factors of prenatal depression include the number of children, relatives wounded, subjective support, and coping styles. A further analysis of the interaction between social support and two types of coping styles with depression showed that there was interaction effect between subjective social support and positive coping styles in relation to EPDS scores. There was an inverse relationship between low EPDS scores and positive coping styles and high social support, and vice versa.ConclusionThe timing of the occurrence of the earthquake may not necessarily affect the progress of the illness and recovery from depression, and psychological intervention could be conducted in the immediate aftermath after the earthquake. The impact of coping styles on prenatal depression appeared to be linked with social support. Helping pregnant women to adopt positive coping styles with good social support after a recent major earthquake, which is a stressor, may reduce their chances of developing prenatal depression.

Mediator effect of coping style in relationship between hope level and subjective well-being of empty-nesters in urban community

Objective To explore the mediator effect of coping styles in relationship between hope level and subjective well-being of empty-nesters in urban community. Methods 208 empty-nesters were tested with Herth Hope Scale, Coping Style Questionnaire and Subjective Well-Being to investigate the influence and the pathways of hope and coping styles on subjective well- being with structural equation modeling. Results Influence of hope level on subjective well-being of empty-nesters in urban community accorded with completely-mediated model (χ2/df=1.971, GFI=0.955, AGFI=0.911, RMSEA=0.068), and influence of hope level mediated by positive coping styles accounted for 41.76%(Z=3.692, P<0.01). Conclusion The influence of hope level on subjective well-being is mediated mainly by positive coping styles for empty-nesters in urban community. Key words: Empty-nester; Hope level; Coping style; Subjective well-being

Pensamiento Constructivo y Afrontamiento al Estrés en Estudiantes Universitarios

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo establecer la relación posible entre pensamiento constructivo y estilos de afrontamiento al estrés en estudiantes universitarios. Se trabajó con una muestra aleatoria de 184 estudiantes de tres campus multidisciplinarios de la UNAM, 107 mujeres y 77 hombres. Se aplicaron el Cuestionario de Pensamiento Constructivo para Estudiantes Universitarios (CPCE) y la Escala de Afrontamiento para Adolescentes (ACS). El 77% de los estudiantes obtienen puntuaciones entre adecuado y alto pensamiento constructivo, mientras que el 23% califica bajo pensamiento constructivo. La mayoría de los estudiantes refiere utilizar estrategias del estilo dirigido a la resolución de problemas con frecuencia de a menudo (70 a 89), mientras que las estrategias improductivas son raramente utilizadas (30 a 49). En el análisis de las relaciones entre estilos de afrontamiento y pensamiento constructivo se denota que a puntuaciones altas en pensamiento constructivo corresponden puntuaciones altas en el empleo de estrategias de afrontamiento dirigidas a la solución de los problemas, también se observa una correlación directa entre pensamiento no constructivo y afrontamiento improductivo. El afrontamiento conductual es la subescala que muestra una correlación considerable con el estilo de afrontamiento orientado a la solución de problemas, mientras que la falta de Afrontamiento Emocional, la baja autoestima, y la incapacidad para sobreponerse se asocian con la elección de un estilo de afrontamiento improductivo. El estilo de afrontamiento en relación con los demás se asocia con afrontamiento conductual, baja autoestima e incapacidad de sobreponerse. Los estudiantes que poseen baja autoestima, e incapacidad para manejar sus emociones, pero poseen la habilidad para afrontar conductualmente, optan por buscar redes de soporte social como alternativa de afrontamiento.

Coping styles relate to health and work environment of Norwegian and Dutch hospital nurses: A comparative study

Nurses exposed to high nursing stress report no health complaints as long as they have high coping abilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate coping styles in relation to the health status and work environment of Norwegian and Dutch hospital nurses. This comparative study included a random sample of 5400 Norwegian nurses and a convenience sample of 588 Dutch nurses. Coping, health, and work environment were assessed by questionnaire in both samples and associations were investigated bivariately and multivariately. We found that active problem-solving coping was associated with the health and work environment of Norwegian nurses but not with the health and work environment of Dutch. Passive coping (avoiding problems or waiting to see what happens) was found to relate to poor general health, poor mental health, low job control, and low job support in both Norwegian and Dutch nurses. Improvements in the nursing work environment may not only result in better mental health, but may also reduce passive coping.

Coping styles in relation to cognitive rehabilitation and quality of life after brain injury

This study investigated the changes in coping styles of patients with acquired brain injury who underwent cognitive rehabilitation, and the effects of these changes on their quality of life. Participants were 110 patients in the chronic phase post-injury, who underwent outpatient cognitive rehabilitation according to current guidelines and standards. Coping style (Utrecht Coping List) was measured at the start of rehabilitation (T0) and repeated at least 5 months later (T1). Coping style was related to quality of life measured at T1 (Life Satisfaction Questionnaire and Stroke-Adapted Sickness Impact Profile). Results indicated that active problem-focused coping styles decreased and passive emotion-focused coping styles increased significantly between T0 and T1. Furthermore, the study showed that increases in active problem-focused coping styles and decreases in passive emotion-focused coping styles predicted a higher quality of life in the long term. These changes in coping styles are adaptive for the adjustment process in the chronic phase post-injury. Overall however, most participants showed maladaptive changes in coping styles. Implications for cognitive rehabilitation are therefore discussed.

“I can't see him hit her again, I just want to run away … hide and block my ears”

ABSTRACT This article explores the experiences of five children witnessing family violence and the resultant psychological distress they experienced. The study was conducted within a phenomenological framework, using in-depth interviews with the children and caregivers. Analy-Safia Joseph has a Master's Degree in Counseling Psychology. She is Principal Psychologist with South African Police Service and has worked extensively with trauma and violence among adults and children. Analysis of the interviews found that children who witnessed family violence experienced significant psychological distress. The study found that child witnesses exhibited behavioral, affective, and cognitive coping responses to witnessing the events, and it was found that the experience of fear was a pervasive result. However, social support acted as an effective buffer. There appeared to be a significant difference in the coping styles in relation to developmental status and gender. This study highlights the need for further resear...

Do social comparison and coping styles play a role in the development of burnout? Cross‐sectional and longitudinal findings

The present longitudinal research among 558 teachers focused on the role of upward comparisons (with others performing better), downward comparisons (with others performing worse), and coping styles in relation to burnout. Assessed were identification (recognizing oneself in the other) and contrast (seeing the other as a competitor) in upward and downward comparison. Cross‐sectionally, downward identification and upward contrast were positively related to burnout and negatively related to a direct coping style, whereas upward identification was negatively related to burnout and positively related to a direct coping style. Downward identification was positively related to a palliative coping style. Direct and palliative coping styles were independent predictors of burnout: those who reported using a direct coping style had lower levels of burnout and those who reported using a palliative coping style had higher levels of burnout. Longitudinally, the use of a direct coping style was associated with a decrease and downward identification with an increase of burnout over time.

Coping with disease in the elderly - the effect of perceived control, subjective morbidity, social support and socio-demographic variables

In a community sample of 165 elderly aged 61 to 96 years (mean 69.65 years) from East and West Germany, present diseases, subjective health, impairments, health-related control-beliefs, social support (F-SOZU; Sommer & Fydrich, 1989), and health related coping-styles ("Bern Coping Styles Questionnaire" BEFO; Heim et al., 1991) were assessed. By means of a stepwise multiple regression analysis, the differential impact of control beliefs, subjective morbidity, subjective health, social support, social integration, social burden, and socio-demographic variables (age, sex, educational level) was analyzed. Elderly with little health related impairments, emotional support, and a relatively high educational level tried to cope with diseases by lowering the affective burden by cognitive and behavioral strategies. A growing number of diseases, a high level of practical help by others, but also a high degree of social burden were the best predictors for a health related coping strategy that is characterized by avoiding the preoccupation with the disease and by searching for emotional support. A health related coping style that is characterized by lamentation, brooding, and resignation was predicted best by poor subjective health, a high degree of social burden, and a low educational level.

Stressful life events and coping styles in relation to dysthymia and major depressive disorder: Variations associated with alleviation of symptoms following pharmacotherapy

1. 1. Both major depression and dysthymia (chronic, low grade depression) were associated with increased reports of minor stressors (daily hassles), and feelings of loneliness, reduced uplifts, as well as the use of inappropriate coping strategies (i.e., emotion-focussed rather than problem-oriented coping). 2. 2. Although major depressive and dysthymic patients shared several features with respect to symptomatology, dysthymics tended to report a greater number of hassles than major depressives. 3. 3. Treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors over an 8-week period resulted in a marked alleviation of the depressive symptoms in both patient groups, although the clinical effectiveness of the drugs appeared somewhat later in dysthymics. 4. 4. The attenuation of the depressive symptoms was accompanied by a modest, but significant diminution in reports of minor stressors, while the perception of uplifts remained unchanged. Moreover, recovery from depression was associated with changes in coping style, such that patients relied less on inappropriate emotion-focussed coping strategies.