Coping Strategies Questionnaire Research Articles

Factors conditioning pain control and reduction in post-cesarean section parturients: a cross-sectional study.

Pain experienced by women in the perinatal period constitutes a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. The aim of the study was to assess conditions of pain locus of control and pain reduction in post-cesarean section parturients. A cross-sectional quantitative study with convenience sampling was performed among 175 hospitalized post-cesarean section women in hospitals in Eastern Poland in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement. A self-design questionnaire regarding general information and obstetrics/gynaecology medical interview, The Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) and The Beliefs about Pain Control Questionnaire (BPCQ) were used. The inclusion criteria were as follows (1) age of ⩾18 years old; (2) cesarean section (CS); (3) period from the 13th hour to the end of the 72nd hour after the procedure; and (4) informed consent. The data was analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics. Internal locus of control (M = 14.02) was provided the highest value by the parturients and followed by chance events (M = 12.61) and doctors' power (M = 12.18). Dominant coping with pain strategies in the post-cesarean parturients were coping self-statements (M = 19.06), praying or hoping (M = 18.86). The parturients assessed their pain coping (M = 3.31) strategies along with pain reduction (M = 3.35) at the moderate level. Higher pain control was correlated with cognitive pain coping strategies (β = 0.305; t = 4.632; p < 0.001), internal pain control β = 0.191; t = 2.894; p = 0.004), cesarean section planning (β = -0.240; t = -3.496; p = 0.001) and past medical history of CS (β = 0.240; t = 3.481; p = 0.001). The skill of reduction of pain was positively associated with cognitive pain coping strategies (β = 0.266; t = 3.665; p < 0.001) and being in subsequent pregnancy (β = 0.147; t = 2.022; p = 0.045). Catastrophizing and hoping were related to lower competences of coping with pain (B = - 0.033, SE = 0.012, β = - 0.206, T = -2.861). The study allowed for identification and better comprehension of factors conditioning pain control and pain reduction in parturients after the cesarean section. Furthermore, a stronger belief that pain can be dealt with is found in the parturients characterized by cognitive pain coping strategies and internal pain locus of control. The skill of reduction of pain is related to cognitive coping strategy and procreation status.

First-Year Students’ Challenges and Coping Strategies in Public and Private Universities in Osun State, Nigeria

The current study examined the challenges faced by first-year students in public and private universities in Osun State. It also examined the coping strategies of first-year students in public and private universities in the state. It further determined if any differences exist in challenges between public and private university students in the study area; it also determined differences in coping strategies between public and private university students in Osun State. These were to provide information on first-year students’ challenges and strategies for overcoming them. The research design for the study was descriptive survey research design. The study population entailed all first-year students in the public university of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, and a private university, Oduduwa University, Ile-Ife, Osun State. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were employed to select 200 respondents from the public university and 150 respondents from the private university among first-year students. A self-developed questionnaire titled First-Year Student Challenges and Coping Strategies Questionnaire (FYSCCSQ), which was comprised of four sections, was used to obtain data from the sample. The instrument was validated using face and content validity, and an Alpha Coefficient reliability of .85 was obtained. Data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, simple percentages, and inferential statistics such as independent t-tests. The results showed no significant differences in challenges between public and private first-year students with (t = .51) and no significant differences in coping strategies between public and private first-year students with (t = .268). The study concluded that first-year students in public and private universities encountered myriads of challenges (Academic, Social, Cultural, and economic), with academic challenges being the prevalent challenge, followed by social, cultural, and minor economic challenges in both public and private universities.

Anxiety and Coping Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mothers of Children with Thalassemia

Background: Caring for children with thalassemia under stressful conditions adversely affects the health of mothers. Objectives: This study aims to explore factors causing anxiety and coping strategies among these mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized convenience sampling and included three questionnaires: The Coronavirus Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), the Carver Coping Strategies Questionnaire, and a Demographic Information Questionnaire. The questionnaires were filled out in person. Considering the study variables and allocating 15 samples per variable, the sample size was determined to be 200 participants. Results: The results indicated no significant difference in average anxiety levels between mothers with underlying diseases and those without. The multiple regression analysis (F = 13.950, AR2 = 0.163, P &lt; 0.01) confirmed the model's significance. Problem-oriented, emotion-oriented, and avoidance-oriented coping styles significantly impacted anxiety (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: It is recommended to promote problem-oriented coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce anxiety among these mothers.

An assessment of the psychometric properties of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire – Sickle Cell Disease (CSQ-SCD) among adults in the United States

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported conflicting factor structures of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire - Sickle Cell Disease (CSQ-SCD). This study examined the psychometric properties of the CSQ-SCD among adults with SCD in the United States.MethodsThis study implemented a cross-sectional study design with web-based self-administered surveys. Individuals with SCD were recruited via an online panel. Psychometric properties, including factorial and construct validity, and internal consistency reliability, of the CSQ-SCD were assessed.ResultsA total of 196 adults with SCD completed the survey. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), using maximum likelihood estimation and the 13 subscale scores as factor indicators, supported a three-factor model for the CSQ-SCD compared to a two-factor model. Model fit statistics for the three-factor model were: Chi-square [df] = 227.084 [62]; CFI = 0.817; TLI = 0.770; RMSEA [90% CI] = 0.117 [0.101–0.133]; SRMR = 0.096. All standardized factor loadings (except for the subscales isolation, resting, taking fluids, and praying and hoping) were > 0.5 and statistically significant, indicating evidence of convergent validity. Correlations between all subscales (except praying and hoping) were lower than hypothesized; however, model testing revealed that the three latent factors, active coping, affective coping, and passive adherence coping were not perfectly correlated, suggesting discriminant validity. Internal consistency reliabilities for the active coping factor (α = 0.803) and affective coping factor (α = 0.787) were satisfactory, however, reliability was inadequate for the passive adherence coping factor (α = 0.531). Given this overall pattern of results, a follow-up exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was also conducted. The new factor structure extracted by EFA supported a three-factor structure (based on the results of a parallel analysis), wherein the subscale of praying and hoping loaded on the active coping factor.ConclusionsOverall, the CSQ-SCD was found to have less than adequate psychometric validity in our sample of adults with SCD. These results provide clarification around the conflicting factor structure results reported in the literature and demonstrate a need for the future development of a SCD specific coping instrument.

Assessment of psychological alarms and coping strategies of medical students with irritable bowel syndrome at Zagazig University: A cross-sectional study.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders. Medical students tend to report a higher prevalence of IBS since they are under constant stress. Many psychological difficulties are associated with IBS. To cope with IBS, individuals use various strategies which can impact the intensification or alleviation of IBS symptoms. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of IBS in medical students as well as psychological alarms and coping strategie employed by IBS sufferers. We conducted a cross-sectional study from December 2022 to February 2023. Study participants were first to fifth year medical school students at Zagazig University, Egypt. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising four sections: sociodemographic and clinical data; Rome IV criteria for the diagnosis of IBS; the alarm questionnaire for functional gastrointestinal disorders; and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ24). Chi-square test or Fischer's exact test, as appropriate, were used to test for association. Binary logistic regression with a backward stepwise method was used to determine significant risk factors of negative coping with IBS. Of the studied 221 medical students, 38% had IBS. A statistically significant association was observed between IBS and the feeling of tension, anxiety, nervousness, depression, and frustration in the previous week, severe pain in the past 4 weeks, and the feeling that the bad situation would not get any better. Most of the students in the IBS group coped positively with stress, while 19.0% were negative in coping. Pain affecting the daily activities and the feelings of depression and frustration to the point of self-harm or suicide were the most significant correlates of IBS group's inability to cope. The prevalence of IBS in medical students at Zagazig University was 38%. We recommend psychological intervention and stress management programs to help medical students cope with IBS.

Relationships Between Perceived Stigma and Coping Strategies in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) often experience varying levels of social stigma, which can impact their health. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the relationship between perceived stigma and coping strategies among MS patients. Methods: Conducted from December 2019 to June 2020, this cross-sectional and correlational study involved 100 MS patients. Participants were recruited from a neurologic clinic in Qazvin, Iran, using convenience sampling. Data collection employed the Lazarus Coping Strategies Questionnaire and the Korean version of the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness 8-item (SSCI-8). Patients completed these questionnaires at the clinic. Data analysis utilized Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients. Results: The average age of participants was 35.93 ± 7.20 years. Mean scores for internal and external stigmas were 6.47 ± 2.03 and 8.73 ± 3.48, respectively. Problem-focused strategies were most commonly used by MS patients. Pearson correlations revealed a significant positive relationship between internal stigma and escape-avoidance (r = 0.391, P &lt; 0.000), seeking social support (r = 0.215, P = 0.031), confronting (r = 0.240, P = 0.016), and self-controlling strategies (r = 0.222, P = 0.026). Significant associations were also noted between external stigma and escape avoidance (r = 0.322, P = 0.001) and confronting strategies (r = 0.240, P = 0.016). Inverse correlations were found between educational level and internal stigma (r = -0.273, P = 0.006) and between MS duration and external stigma (r = -0.296, P = 0.003). Conclusions: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients experiencing higher levels of stigma tended to use more negative coping strategies. Implementing programs to reduce stigma and promote effective coping strategies may enhance the physical and psychological well-being of these patients.

Mental Distress, Coping Strategies, and Academic Achievement among University Students

Emerging research suggests that the global prevalence of youth mental distress has increased considerably during COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health among Kenyan Youth had already been deteriorating prior to the pandemic. This is largely attributed to academic pressure, financial constraints, interpersonal relations, and adjustment to university environment. Negative coping strategies, such as alcohol and substance use, adversely affect academic advancement, and mostly lead to students drop out. It is often unclear what preventive measures and interventions might be effective for university students. This study (a) examines the relationship among mental distress and undergraduate students’ academic achievement and (b) assesses the role of coping strategies in this relationship. The study adopted a descriptive survey and correlational research design. Participants were 277 students (Females = 52%, Males = 48%) randomly sampled from four universities in Kenya (two public and two private). Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the relevant authorities. The majority (91.3%) were aged above 18 years. Self-report Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) and Stress Coping Strategies Questionnaire (SCSQ) were adopted to measure mental health and coping strategies, respectively. Students indicated their Grade Point Average (GPA) as shown in the university system. Findings indicated that a significant negative correlation was established between overall mental distress and GPA (r = - .15, p = .01). Unexpectedly, coping strategies did not mediate the association between mental distress and academic achievement as measured by the GPA. The findings are discussed in relation to previous studies and implications for university education.

Investigating the Relationship Between Coping Styles, Alexithymia, and Management Styles with Job Satisfaction (Case Study: The Employees of the Maad Group)

Objective: The personnel of any organization are considered its most principal and enduring assets; hence, understanding their needs for the implementation of organizational programs is essential. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between coping styles, alexithymia, and management styles with job satisfaction among the employees of the Maad Group. Materials and Methods: The research method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The study population consisted of employees of the Maad Group in Tehran in the year 2021, from which 127 individuals were selected through convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Smith, Kendall, and Hulin Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (1969), the Short Form of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire by Endler and Parker (1990), the Toronto Alexithymia Questionnaire (1986), and the Schmitt Management Styles Questionnaire (1998). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and SPSS software version 22. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between job satisfaction and democratic management style, goal-oriented management style, participative management style, and laissez-faire management style, as well as coping strategies (P&lt;0.01). There was also a significant negative correlation between job satisfaction and alexithymia (P&lt;0.01). A significant positive relationship existed between job satisfaction and problem-focused coping styles, while a significant negative relationship was found with emotion-focused and avoidance coping styles (P&lt;0.01). Significant relationships were observed between job satisfaction and identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, and externally-oriented thinking (P&lt;0.01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a relationship between coping styles, alexithymia, and management styles with job satisfaction.

Structural Model for Explaining Quality of Life Based on Early Maladaptive Schemas and the Role of Treatment Adherence and Coping Strategies in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: The objective of the present research was to explain the structural model for quality of life based on early maladaptive schemas and the role of treatment adherence and coping strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods and Materials: This study, in terms of research methodology, falls into the category of descriptive-correlational research using structural equation modeling. The research population consisted of all patients with type 2 diabetes in Tehran who visited medical centers during the year 2021. The sample of the current study included 350 patients with type 2 diabetes in Tehran in 2021, selected through convenience sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. Data were collected using the short form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas Short Form Questionnaire, Treatment Adherence Questionnaire, and Young's Avoidance Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Pearson correlation statistical methods, employing SPSS 22 and AMOS 22 software. Findings: The results showed that the fit indices PCFI=0.655, PNFI=0.661, CMIN/DF=2.90, RMSEA=0.089, IFI=0.917, CFI=0.914, and GFI=0.903 indicate a good fit of the proposed model with the data. The highest coefficient (-0.47) was attributed to the path from autonomy and impaired performance to quality of life. The coefficient of determination for the quality variable of marital relationship in the proposed structural model is 0.889, indicating that the external variables can predict 89 percent of the variance in quality of life, which is considered strong. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the structural model for explaining quality of life based on early maladaptive schemas and the role of treatment adherence and coping strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes fits appropriately.

The Association of Coping Strategies with Stress, Anxiety, and Depression, with Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction among Traffic Wardens

The current study aimed to explore the association of coping strategies with stress, anxiety, and depression with the mediating role of job satisfaction among traffic wardens. Participants were taken from the different cities of Punjab Pakistan, such as Faisalabad (N = 39, 21%), Rawalpindi (N = 38, 20.4%), Multan (N = 36, 19.4%), Lahore (N=38, 20.4%) and Gujranwala (N= 35, 18.8%). The current study sample was comprised of 186 traffic wardens. The sample consisted of married (n= 164, 88.2%) and unmarried (n= 22, 11.8%) of the total population. The participant was between 19 - 50 years (M = 34.78, SD = 4.65). A purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data. The variables were assessed through i.e. Demographic Form, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21; Lovibond &amp; Lovibond, 1995), translated version by Aslam (2007), Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS; Spector, 1985) translated version by Abbas and Khanam (2016) and Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ; Kausar &amp; Munir, 2004). The results showed coping is the predictor of stress, anxiety, and depression among traffic wardens, with a strong mediating role of job satisfaction. Further, results showed coping has a strong mediating role in job satisfaction. It is concluded that there is a significant association of coping strategies with stress, anxiety, and depression among traffic wardens with mediating role of job satisfaction.

Pain coping strategies and their effectiveness in managing and reducing pain in patients after planned surgical procedures: an observational study

Background: It is well known that postoperative pain control is very important because it prevents the negative effects of untreated pain and reduces the development of postoperative complications. The experience of postoperative pain and the choice of coping strategies after surgery are very different and individual. Therefore, staff must take a more individualized approach to pain management to optimize postoperative pain relief.Aim of the study: The main objective of this study was to evaluate pain management strategies and their effectiveness in managing and reducing pain in patients after planned surgical procedures.Material and Methods: The observational study was conducted at EuroMediCare St. Roch Specialized Hospital in Ozimek in the Department of General Surgery from November 2019 to February 2020. The study included 100 patients after elective surgical procedures. The study used the Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and a questionnaire created by the author independently.Results: Analysis revealed that the patient's age affects pain coping strategies scores (p = 0.035). Place of residence influenced the use of strategies of ignoring experience (p = 0.031) and increased behavioural activity (p = 0.014). There was a correlation between pain management and the use of diverting attention (r = 0.236; p = 0.018), ignoring experiences (r = 0.386; p = 0.000), declaration of coping (r = 0.384; p = 0.000), increased behavioural activity (r = 0.335; p = 0.001) and between ability to reduce pain and the use of strategies to ignoring experiences (r = 0.325; p = 0.001), declaration of coping (r = 0.244; p = 0.014) and increased behavioural activity (r = 0.271; p = 0.006). It was observed that the use of catastrophising strategies affected the ability to control (r = - 0.273; p = 0.006) and reduce pain (r = - 0.265; p = 0.008).Conclusions: Age and place of residence should be taken into account when planning analgesic therapy for post-surgery patients, as those over 60 years of age were less likely to use a declared pain management strategy, and patients living in small towns and rural areas were significantly less likely to manage and reduce pain. The use of catastrophising strategy determined a lower ability to control and reduce pain.

26 Religious Stress Coping, Memory, and Markers of Brain Pathology in Individuals with Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease from the Colombia-Boston Biomarker Study

Objective:High levels of stress may increase risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. Religious coping practices to deal with stress (i.e., prayer, having faith, attending religious services) may reduce risk of dementia. Studying religious stress coping in cognitively unimpaired individuals with autosomal-dominant AD (ADAD), who will develop dementia later in life, may inform us about the role of religious coping in modifying the clinical trajectory from preclinical to clinical stages of the disease. We examined religious stress coping in cognitively unimpaired mutation carriers from the world’s largest ADAD kindred and its relation to markers of brain pathology and memory.Participants and Methods:16 cognitively unimpaired Presenilin-1 E280A mutation carriers and 19 age and education-matched noncarrier family members from the Colombia-Boston (COLBOS) Biomarker Study were included. A subsample (n=26; 13 cognitively unimpaired carriers) underwent amyloid and tau PET imaging. Participants completed the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CAE) that includes a subscale used to assess religious stress coping, where a higher score indicates more coping, and underwent memory testing using the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT). The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to assess depression. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to examine group differences in religious stress coping, brain pathology (i.e., cortical amyloid-beta, entorhinal and precuneus tau), memory, and depression. Nonparametric correlations were used to examine associations among religious stress coping, age, education, depression, memory, and pathology.Results:Carriers had poorer FCSRT immediate free recall than noncarriers (U=84.5, p=.024). There was no difference between groups in CAE religious stress coping, other FCSRT memory scores, nor GDS score (all p&gt;.05). Compared to non-carriers, carriers had more cortical amyloid (U=152.0, p&lt;.001) and more precuneus tau (U=123.0, p=.05). In carriers, religious stress coping was positively associated with education (r=.57, p=.022), FCSRT immediate free recall (a=.75, p&lt;.001), FCSRT cued recall (a=.50, p=.047), and FCSRT delayed recall (r=.52, p=.038). After controlling for education, religious stress coping remained positively associated with FCSRT immediate free recall (r=.65, p=.009), but not other FCSRT memory scores (all p&gt;.05). Religious stress coping was not associated with age or GDS score regardless of controlling for education (all p&gt;.05). In carriers, religious stress coping was negatively associated with entorhinal tau (r=-.73, p=.005) and precuneus tau burden (r=-.58, p=.037). The association between religious stress coping and entorhinal tau remained significant after controlling for education (r=-.67, p=.016), but not precuneus tau (p&gt;.05). Religious stress coping was not associated with cortical amyloid regardless of controlling for education in carriers (all p&gt;.05). None of the associations with brain pathology or memory were significant in the non-carrier group.Conclusions:Religious stress coping was associated with better memory performance and a low AD pathology burden in individuals at genetic risk for developing AD dementia. Future studies with independent and larger samples should further examine religious stress coping strategies and their associations with other AD-related biomarkers, as well as with other risk and protective factors to better understand their role at the preclinical and prodromal stages of Alzheimer’s disease.

Investigating the effect of psychological empowerment on using coping strategies, stress, anxiety and depression in adolescents with haemophilia: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT This study examined the effect of psychological empowerment on using coping strategies, stress, anxiety and depression in haemophilic adolescents. A total of 60 adolescents with haemophilia aged 13–19 years old were recruited in a randomized clinical trial and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. The instruments included Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and Lazarus and Folkman’s Coping Strategies Questionnaire (LFCSQ). The intervention group underwent psychological empowerment. The control group received routine intervention. Data were analysed with Chi-square test and repeated measures analysis of variance. The findings showed a decrease in the mean scores of anxiety, stress and depression (p < .001), and an increase usage of the problem-focused coping strategies (p = .007), in the intervention group after the intervention, that were significantly different with those of the control group. Psychological empowerment could be effective in improving the use of coping strategies and decreasing stress, anxiety and depression in adolescents with haemophilia.

Effect of Psychoeducational Training Program on Coping Skills, Spiritual Well-being, and Levels of Anxiety among Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Context: Generalized anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental disorders that produce fear, worry, and a constant feeling of being overwhelmed. Spiritual well-being is a positive psychological factor linked to lower anxiety levels in GAD patients. One of the most important elements of having GAD is learning how to cope with persistent anxiety and physical symptoms.&#x0D; Aim: Evaluate the effect of the psychoeducational training Program on coping skills, spiritual well-being, and anxiety levels among patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder.&#x0D; Methods: A quasi-experimental (pre/post-test) design was used. This study was carried out at the General Psychiatric Clinic of El Abbassia Psychiatric and Mental Health Hospital. The study involved 80 patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Data was collected over six months utilizing four tools. They were used for data collection: A Structured Interview questionnaire, a Coping Strategies Questionnaire, a Spiritual Well-being Scale, and a Beck Anxiety Scale.&#x0D; Results: The present study shows that more than half of patients with generalized anxiety disorder under study were in the age of &lt;30 years (57.5%) with a mean age of 24.5±8.33. While 28 % had satisfactory pre-program coping, this percentage increased to 52% post-program implementation. On the other hand, 63.7% of patients with generalized anxiety disorder understudy had low levels of spiritual well-being that decreased to 9% post-program. Also, more than half of 59% of patients had severe anxiety levels at pre-program; this percentage decreased to 21% post-program implementation with a statistically significant difference between coping skills, spiritual well-being, and anxiety level pre- and post-psychoeducational training. In addition, there was a highly statistically significant correlation between the total score of spiritual well-being, coping, and their total anxiety score during the pre/post-program implementation phase (P≤ 0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: Psychoeducational training Program has a significant positive effect on improving coping skills, spiritual well-being, and levels of anxiety among patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Application of a psychoeducational nursing intervention can help patients with generalized anxiety disorder better understand the advantages of various spiritual pursuits and how to improve their spiritual well-being and coping skills.

The relationship between self-care, spiritual well-being and coping strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the world. The most important underlying cause of death in diabetic patients is the lack of self-care and management. However, there is little known about the influence of coping strategies and spiritual well-being (SWB) on self-care in diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-care activities with coping strategies and spiritual well-being (SWB) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this descriptive-analytical study, we selected 236 patients with T2DM referred to the diabetes hospital clinics in the southwest of Iran. Inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with T2DM, with the age group ranging 20-80 years, literate, not suffering from severe and debilitating complications of diabetes and lacking acute psychological illness. Exclusion criteria included refusing to complete questionnaires and cognitive or emotional impairment. Instruments include the demographic questionnaire, Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, Lazarus and Folkman's Coping Strategies Questionnaire and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS; developed by Paloutzian and Ellison). To examine the relationship between variables, the Pearson correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used. The findings of this study on 236 patients with T2DM (53.25 ± 10.91) including 76 (32.2%) males and 160 (67.8%) females showed the majority of participants were female, the age group was between 41 and 60 years (68.22%), had a Diploma (63.98%), were insured (63.55%) and had a moderate economic situation (55.93%). There was a direct and significant correlation between self-care activities and coping strategies (r = 0.163, p < 0.05), and only a problem-focused coping strategy was considered as a predictor variable of self-care (p < 0.01). There was a direct and significant correlation between self-care and SWB (r = 0.385, p < 0.01). The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between self-care and the problem-focused dimension of coping strategies and SWB in patients with T2DM.

0629 Correlates of sleep quality among individuals with chronic pain after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury

Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbance and chronic pain are very common after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI). Despite having a bidirectional and mutually exacerbating relationship, there is a dearth of literature examining factors involved in the sleep-pain relationship following msTBI. Psychiatric symptoms (e.g., post-traumatic stress, depression) are also prevalent following injury and know to be related to sleep, as well as poor adjustment to chronic pain. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between sleep, psychiatric symptoms, and pain-beliefs among msTBI survivors who have comorbid chronic pain. Methods This is a secondary analysis of TBI Model Systems study data of 1,567 individuals reporting chronic pain after msTBI (M=8.5 years, SD=7.1). Participants were 46.8 years old on average (SD=27.9), predominantly male (72.7%) and completed measures of sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSQI), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Checklist; PCL-5), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder; GAD-7), pain-related catastrophizing (Coping Strategies Questionnaire; CSQ) and self-efficacy (Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire; PSEQ-2). Measures were adjusted for overlapping constructs. Relationships between sleep, psychiatric symptoms and pain beliefs were examined through Pearson correlations. Results Average PSQI total score for our sample was 8.78 (SD=4.4), indicating poor sleep quality, with an estimated 6.40 (SD=1.9) hours of sleep on average. Over two-third (68.5%) of our sample attributed some of their sleep disturbance to chronic pain and nearly half (47.4%) met cutoff (&amp;gt;8) for clinically significant poor sleep quality. PSQI scores were positively correlated with PCL (r = .44, p &amp;lt;.0001), PHQ-9 (r = .12, p &amp;lt;.0001), GAD-7 (r = .08, p &amp;lt;.01), CSQ (r = .34, p &amp;lt;.0001) and negatively correlated with PSEQ-2 (r = -0.23, p &amp;lt;.0001). Conclusion Poorer sleep quality in individuals with chronic pain after msTBI is associated with more psychiatric symptoms, increased pain-related catastrophizing, and lower pain self-efficacy. Results highlight sleep quality as an important modifiable target for intervention in this at-risk clinical population and suggest that behavioral treatments to improve psychiatric comorbidities and adjustment to pain may be beneficial. Support (if any) National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NCT03033901).

The relationship between coping strategies with sexual satisfaction and sexual intimacy in women with multiple sclerosis

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis profoundly affects the sexual aspects of patients’ life, especially in women. Various coping strategies are used by women with multiple sclerosis to overcome, tolerate, or minimize these sexual effects. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between sexual satisfaction, sexual intimacy, and coping strategies in women with multiple sclerosis.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 122 married women who were members of Iran’s MS society in Tehran, Iran. The study was conducted from December 2018 to September 2019. Data were collected using the Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS), the Sexual Intimacy Questionnaire (SIQ), and the Folkman and Lazarus Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to explore the observations. Independent t-test and logistic regression were applied to analyze the data using the SPSS-23.ResultsThe majority (n = 71, 58.2%) used an emotion-focused coping strategy with the highest score for the escape-avoidance subscale [mean (SD): 13.29 (5.40)]. However, 41.8% of the patients (n = 51) used a problem-focused coping strategy with the highest score for the positive reappraisal strategy subscale [mean (SD): 10.50 (4.96)]. The sexual satisfaction in women with problem-focused coping strategies was significantly higher than women who used emotion-focused coping strategies (95.6 vs. 84.71, P-value = 0.001). There was a negative association between sexual intimacy and higher emotion-focused coping strategy (OR = 0.919, 95% CI 0.872–0.968, P = 0.001).ConclusionsProblem-focused coping strategy in women with multiple sclerosis increases sexual satisfaction, while the emotion-focused coping strategy has a significant negative relationship with sexual intimacy.

Determining the relationship between over-care burden and coping styles, and resilience in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder

BackgroundStress and over-care burden are problems for mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Therefore, it seems necessary to evaluation of coping with stress according to the burden of care for these mothers. This study aimed to determine the relationship between care burden with coping styles and resilience of mothers of children with ASD.MethodsThe present study is a descriptive-analytical study performed on mothers of children with ASD in Kermanshah, Iran. Participants in the study were selected by convenience sampling. A Demographic questionnaire, Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Coping strategies questionnaire (CSQ) were used for collecting data. Then it was analyzed through an independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation test.ResultsThe mean total score of the burden of care was 95.5 ± 9.1, resilience was 52.7 ± 8.7, and coping styles were 92.4 ± 8.4. Mothers of children with autism experience a severe burden of care and moderate levels of resiliency. There was also a significant negative correlation between the burden of care and resilience) p < 0.001, r = -0.536), but no significant correlation was found between burden of care and coping style) p = 0.937, r = -0.010).ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, it is necessary to pay more attention to the factors affecting resiliency. Also, considering the significant relationship between burden of care and resiliency, teaching strategies to increase resiliency can be used in the educational program for mothers with autistic children.

Association of Sleep Disturbance With Catastrophizing and Knee Pain: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

To investigate the relationship between sleep disturbance, catastrophizing, and knee pain in middle-aged and older individuals. Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort from months 48 to 96 were used, where month 48 was treated as baseline. Knee pain (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain scale score ≥5 [range 0-20]), catastrophizing (extracted from Coping Strategies Questionnaire score ≥3 [range 0-6]), and sleep quality (extracted from Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [range 1-4]) were assessed annually. We described the association of sleep disturbance with the presence and risk of knee pain and catastrophizing. The mediation effect of knee pain and catastrophizing on the sleep-catastrophizing and sleep-pain association was evaluated, respectively. Catastrophizing and knee pain were reported in 346 (10%) and 917 (24%) of the 3,813 participants (mean 64.9 years, 58% female) at baseline. Participants with worse sleep disturbance were more likely to have knee pain (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.4-2.0, P for trend <0.001) and catastrophizing (PR 1.4-3.1, P for trend <0.001). Sleep disturbance at baseline predicted the risk of knee pain (risk ratio [RR] 1.1, P for trend <0.001) and catastrophizing (RR 1.2-1.7, P for trend <0.001) during follow-up. No statistically significant interactions between sleep disturbance and knee pain or catastrophizing were observed. Knee pain and catastrophizing mediated the sleep-catastrophizing and sleep-pain association, respectively, at baseline, and knee pain negatively mediated the sleep-catastrophizing association longitudinally. Sleep disturbance was associated with the presence and risk of catastrophizing and knee pain. Sleep interventions may have a universal and independent effect in preventing incident knee pain.

Parenting stress and coping strategies in mothers with children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

The aim of this research was to study the relationship between parenting stress and coping strategies of mothers of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The sample consisted of 143 mothers with a child who had been diagnosed with ADHD. The mothers completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CAE) and the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI-SF). The results showed that mothers experienced high levels of stress and they tended to use coping strategies focused on problem solving. Meaningful differences were found between parenting stress and coping strategies according to sociodemographic characteristics. Negative correlations between parenting stress and coping strategies showed that coping strategies focused on problem solving were associated with lower levels of stress. Besides, positive correlations between parenting stress and coping strategies showed that higher levels of emotional coping strategies were associated with higher levels of parenting stress.