Coping Mechanisms In Patients Research Articles

Perception and coping mechanisms of patients with diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ibadan, Nigeria.

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) ushered in a period of fear and uncertainty, resulting in structural instability across the globe. Vulnerable individuals, such as patients with diabetes mellitus, are predispose to have adverse effects and complications of COVID-19 when infected. We explored the perception of diabetes mellitus patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and their coping mechanisms at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. We employed an exploratory qualitative study design to explore diabetes mellitus patients' perceptions and coping mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 32 participants (2 health professionals and 30 diabetes mellitus patients). In-depth interviews were used to collect the data from the participants. All the recorded audio data were transcribed verbatim and exported to NVivo software for thematic data analyses. Most diabetes mellitus patients were not fearful of the pandemic but were optimistic that it would not affect their health. Mechanisms such as the usage of herbal medicines and adherence to COVID-19 precautionary measures were noticed among patients. The study also revealed that the hospital's coping mechanism during the COVID-19 pandemic include prolonged appointments, limiting the number of patients attended per clinic day, and the provision of telehealth service. Patients in our study utilised negative coping mechanisms such as reduced drug dosages, subscriptions to cheaper drug brands, and reliance on religious institutions rather than a clinic for health instructions. The study has shown that diabetes mellitus patients were not fearful of the COVID-19 pandemic. The utilisation of telehealth, encouragement of daily monitoring of sugar levels, provision of avenues for a medication review, and adherence to the safety protocols were coping mechanisms employed by the health system and diabetes mellitus patients. We recommend that the government and other healthcare stakeholders reinforce the resilience of diabetes mellitus patients by alleviating their health burdens during the pandemic. This could be done by subsidizing the prices of drugs, tests, and consultation fees for patients with diabetes mellitus. Also, more efforts should be made to elevate the health system through the reduction in waiting and appointment times in the diabetes clinic and employing more health personnel in the clinic.

Epigenetic and Coping Mechanisms of Stress in Affective Disorders: A Scoping Review

This review aims to explore the intricate relationship among epigenetic mechanisms, stress, and affective disorders, focusing on how early life experiences and coping mechanisms contribute to susceptibility to mood disorders. Epigenetic factors play a crucial role in regulating gene expression without altering the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequence, and recent research has revealed associations between epigenetic changes and maladaptive responses to stress or psychiatric disorders. A scoping review of 33 studies employing the PRISMA-S (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses—Statement) guidelines investigates the role of stress-induced epigenetic mechanisms and coping strategies in affective disorder occurrence, development, and progression. The analysis encompasses various stress factors, including childhood trauma, work-related stress, and dietary deficiencies, alongside epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation and altered gene expression. Findings indicate that specific stress-related genes frequently exhibit epigenetic changes associated with affective disorders. Moreover, the review examines coping mechanisms in patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, revealing mixed associations between coping strategies and symptom severity. While active coping is correlated with better outcomes, emotion-focused coping may exacerbate depressive or manic episodes. Overall, this review underscores the complex interplay among genetic predisposition, environmental stressors, coping mechanisms, and affective disorders. Understanding these interactions is essential for developing targeted interventions and personalized treatment strategies for individuals with mood disorders. However, further research is needed to elucidate specific genomic loci involved in affective disorders and the clinical implications of coping strategies in therapeutic settings.

Hubungan Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Biologis Dan Sosial Dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Pasien Hemodialisis Di RSUD Cibinong Tahun 2023

Kidney failure is a chronic disease where the kidneys are no longer able to remove toxic substances in the body, resulting in a buildup of toxins as a result. Patients suffering from kidney failure must undergo therapy to remove toxic substances, one of the therapies is hemodialysis. This therapy is carried out in approximately 4-5 hours to remove toxins, there are several accesses, namely with CDL and Cimino. which will cause changes in the physical, socio-economic and psychological conditions of patients undergoing Hemodialysis therapy. These changes will have an impact on the patient's coping mechanisms. Patients undergoing hemodialysis often experience several problems including psychological problems, one of which is often experienced is anxiety. Anxiety is an emotional response to a subjective individual assessment, related to feelings of uncertainty and helplessness and to overcome it is necessary family support. This study aims to determine the biological and social relationship between family support and the level of anxiety in chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. This research was quantitative using a correlation method involving 99 patients in the hemodialysis unit at Cibinong Hospital. To collect data, this study used prepared observation sheets, and statistical analysis was carried out using the Chi Square test. This method was carefully chosen to ensure that the data obtained could be used to evaluate the relationship between biological and social levels of anxiety in hemodialysis patients. With this approach, it is hoped that this research will provide valid and useful findings in supporting efforts to improve the quality of service in the hemodialysis unit at Cibinong Hospital.

Stress and anxiety levels and factors affecting coping mechanisms in patients hospitalised with COVID-19

Introduction and objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess stress and anxiety levels during hospitalisation due to COVID-19 and the relationship between them and personality traits, and coping strategies among women and men, and assessment of stress predictors. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in a reference single-name hospital in Warsaw. The Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), the BRIEF-COPE Questionnaire, the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-PL) were used. Results: The study involved 60 patients (30 women and 30 men) aged 24 to 82 years (M = 52.42, standard deviation, SD = 12.94). Elevated stress levels were found in half of the subjects studied; state anxiety levels were increased in 70% of the participants, and trait anxiety in 77% of them. Compared to men, women had significantly higher levels of state anxiety, and lower levels of openness to new experiences. It was shown that reducing stress levels during hospitalisation depends on the use of either an Active Coping strategy or an avoidance of the Helplessness strategy, with the level of state anxiety being the moderator in both models. Conclusions: Half of the patients hospitalised with COVID-19 did not experience elevated stress levels; women felt state anxiety more intensely as a condition during their hospital stay than men, and 40% of the subjects had an increased level of trait anxiety. For lower stress levels and/or state anxiety, adaptive coping strategies and personality traits were crucial: conscientiousness and agreeableness for women, and openness to experiences and agreeableness for men.

Discussion to: Perspectives, risk factors, and coping mechanisms in patients with self-reported financial burden following lung cancer surgery

Discussion to: Perspectives, risk factors, and coping mechanisms in patients with self-reported financial burden following lung cancer surgery

Hypertension and diabetes patients' perspective of challenges and their coping mechanisms in Mukono and Buikwe districts in Uganda - a qualitative study.

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of non-communicable diseases is steadily rising amidst a high prevalence of communicable diseases stretching the healthcare system. This study explored hypertension and diabetes patients' perspective of challenges and their coping mechanisms in Mukono and Buikwe districts in Uganda. Methods: This descriptive qualitative study involved four focus group discussions with 26 patients at four selected health facilities. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and data analysed following the thematic content analysis guided by the semantic approach with the aid of Atlas ti 6.0.15 software. Results: Five themes were identified regarding challenges and coping mechanisms of patients in managing their conditions. 1) Inadequate opportunities for diagnosis, with community screening supporting identification of patients. 2) Accessing care came amidst transport challenges, absence of health workers and the lack of essential supplies for monitoring conditions. Patients borrowed transport funds or trekked to health facilities and some formed groups to contribute resources to buy equipment and supplies. 3) Access to medications was affected by frequent drug stockouts at public health facilities which pushed patients to purchase own drugs or obtain these through friends and networks. However, other patients resorted to cheaper herbal remedies. 4) Monitoring and managing conditions was affected by insufficient knowledge and opportunities for self-monitoring. Information from health workers and experiences from peers bridged the knowledge gap while private facilities or community health workers supported self-monitoring. 5) Adopting changes in behaviour was challenging but patients fitted these within their usual routines and mobilised family members to also adopt lifestyle changes while ignoring those they deemed unrealistic. Conclusions: The coping mechanisms patients adopted to manage their chronic conditions reflects self-care initiatives at the individual and community levels which could be reinforced and supplemented to better support and empower patients as steps are taken to address existing challenges.

Investigating household catastrophic health expenditure and coping mechanisms in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Enugu, Nigeria: a single center experience

The methods of financing healthcare expenditure for any country are vital in determining the health status of the country. To meet the rising costs of seeking health care, many poor households in managing chronic disease conditions like Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) often resort to coping strategies that are further detrimental to their well-being. CKD is the 12th highest cause of death and 17th highest cause of disability worldwide. This study assessed the incidence of household catastrophic health expenditure and payment coping mechanism of patients with CKD. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 100 patients with various stages of CKD attending the Nephrology clinics of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, South eastern Nigeria. They were recruited using a systematic sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were collected using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation and interquartile range. Chi-square was used to test for association between payment coping mechanisms used by patients across socioeconomic groups. The study demonstrated uniformly high incidence of catastrophic expenditure for all the respondents both at 10% and 40% threshold (100% and 97%) respectively, with cost of treatment uniformly distributed among the various socioeconomic classes. Most of the patients assessed their treatment by paying out of pocket without reimbursement (88%), with money from personal bank savings being the commonest coping mechanism especially among the poorest Socioeconomic Status (SES) class, and borrowing among the least poor SES class. The study concluded that the prevalence of catastrophic expenditure was very high across all the socioeconomic status. It is recommended that the Nigerian Health Insurance program should be expanded to cover at least dialysis treatment of CKD, if not all aspects of CKD management in order to protect these patients and their household from ill-health mediated catastrophic expenditure.

I Cancervive: Exploring the Modern Travails of Cancer-Stricken Adolescents in the Pandemic New Normal

Currently, the world faces two critical challenges: the COVID-19 pandemic and surging cancer cases. Healthcare systems worldwide, including the Philippines, struggle to cope with rising cancer patient mortality. Urgent action and innovative solutions are vital to managing cancer care amidst the ongoing pandemic. Hence, this study explored the journey of adolescent cancer patients who are receiving treatment during the pandemic particularly the present challenges with cancer treatment, its holistic repercussions, the patient's coping mechanisms, and their significant life breakthroughs. It employed a qualitative multiple-case study, utilizing semi-structured interviews to collect data from four (4) pediatric hematology-oncology cases. The data was analyzed using content analysis wherein the narratives of the participants were compared. The findings of the study revealed themes that represent the challenges experienced by cancer patients namely, (1) treatment and other medical services disruption; (2) reduced social support; and (3) increased contamination-related anxieties. The immediate repercussions included (1) psychological disturbance, stress, and depression; (2) uncertainty and emotional distress; (3) stronger behavioral adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures; (4) increased gadget usage/gadget dependence, and (5) decreased scholastic involvement. Further, the participants’ coping mechanisms include (1) active coping strategies via engaging activities; (2) awareness and acceptance of the current situation; (3) strong social and spiritual support, and (4) positive and active mind setting. The insights gathered from the analysis are (1) the need for better access to cancer-related services and assistance, and (2) the call for more psychological health intervention programs. The findings showed that the insights and realizations of participants emphasized the need for better access to cancer-related services and assistance and a calling for psycho-oncological therapeutic interventions for fellow cancer patients.

Perspectives, risk factors, and coping mechanisms in patients with self-reported financial burden following lung cancer surgery

ObjectiveWe evaluated self-reported financial burden (FB) after lung cancer surgery and sought to assess patient perspectives, risk factors, and coping mechanisms within this population. MethodsPatients with lung cancer resected at our institution between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021, were surveyed. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were performed to evaluate the association between clinical and financial characteristics with patient-reported major (“significant” or “catastrophic”) FB. ResultsOf 1477 patients contacted, 31.3% (n = 463) completed the survey. Major FB was reported by 62 (13.4%) patients. multivariable analyses demonstrated increasing age (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.96), credit score >740 (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.14-0.60), and employer-based insurance (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07-0.80) were protective factors. In contrast, an out of pocket cost greater than expected (OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.67-7.88), decrease in work hours (OR, 4.42; 95% CI, 1.59-12.25), or cessation of work (OR, 5.13; 95% CI, 2.06-12.78), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis (OR, 5.39, 95% CI, 1.87-15.50), and hospital readmission (OR, 4.87; 95% CI, 1.11-21.42) were risk factors for FB. To pay for care, some patients reported “often” or “always” decreasing food (n = 102 [23.4%]) or leisure spending (n = 179 [40.7%]). Additionally, use of savings (n = 246 [62.9%]), borrowing funds (n = 72 [16.6%]), and skipping clinic visits (n = 36 [8.3%]) at least once were also reported. Coping mechanisms occurred more often in patients with major FB compared with those without (P < .001). ConclusionsPatients with resected lung cancer may experience major FB related to treatment with several identifiable risk factors. Targeted interventions are needed to limit the adoption of detrimental coping mechanisms and potentially affect survivorship.

Caracterización de los mecanismos de afrontamiento de los pacientes hospitalizados en la unidad de trasplante de médula ósea de una institución de alta complejidad en Cali (Colombia) entre febrero y junio de 2022

IntroductionInformation about coping mechanisms of patients who are taken to bone marrow transplant (BMT) are limited. Besides, the long hospitalization has a high emotional impact. We characterize coping mechanisms and evaluate hopelessness, anxiety and depression of patients who were taken to bone marrow transplant (BMT) in a high complexity health institution in the department of Valle del Cauca between February 1 and June 30, 2022 MethodsDescriptive cross-sectional design, with convenience sampling of patients over 18 years of age who were admitted for BMT. Participants filled out five questionnaires (sociodemographic data, Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), the Beck hopelessness scale and The mental adjustment to cancer scale (MAC-s). The qualitative variables were summarized with absolute frequencies and percentages, the quantitative variables were summarized in medians and interquartile ranges. For the correlation of variables, Spearman's correlation coefficients were used. OutcomesFrom 34 participants, 61.5% were men. The MAC-s scale found fighting spirit as the main coping style, no correlation was found between the scale MAC-s and the clinical variables evaluated. The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scale showed depressive and anxiety symptoms in 20.8% of the participants. The correlation was positive between those with symptoms of depression (PHQ-9 scale) and those with anxiety (GAD-7 scale) (Spearman's coefficient 0.8). ConclusionThis study found fighting spirit as the main coping style. High frequency of anxiety and depression. The high frequency of anxiety and depression raises the need for screening and preventive strategies.

Comparing Pain and Pain Coping Mechanisms in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty as Part of a Mission Trip to Those in the United States

BackgroundAccess to total joint arthroplasty can be difficult in low-resource settings. Service trips are conducted to provide arthroplasty care to populations in need around the world. This study aimed to compare the pain, function, surgical expectations, and coping mechanisms of patients from one such service trip to the United States. MethodsIn 2019, the Operation Walk program conducted a service trip in Guyana during which 50 patients had hip or knee arthroplasties. Patient demographics, patient-reported outcome measures, questionnaires assessing pain attitudes and coping, and pain visual analog scales were collected preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively. These outcomes were compared with a matched cohort of elective total joint arthroplasty at a US tertiary care medical center. There were 37 patients matched between the 2 cohorts. ResultsThe mission cohort had significantly lower preoperative self-reported function scores than the US cohort (38.3 versus 47.5, P = .003), as well as a significantly larger improvement at 3 months (42.4 versus 26.4, P = .014). The mission cohort had significantly higher initial pain (8.0 versus 7.0, P = .015), but there were no differences with regard to pain at 3 months (P = .420) or change in pain (P = .175). The mission cohort had significantly greater preoperative scores in pain attitude and coping responses. ConclusionPatients in low-resource settings were more likely to have preoperative functional limitations and pain, and they coped with pain through prayer. Understanding the key differences between these 2 types of populations and how they approach pain and functional limitations may help improve care for each group. Level of EvidenceII, prospective study.

Financial toxicity and coping mechanisms in patients with metastatic prostate cancer: A pilot study.

125 Background: Assessments of financial toxicity among patients with metastatic prostate cancer are lacking. We sought to describe the prevalence and severity of financial toxicity, identify coping mechanisms, and assess characteristics that may be protective of financial toxicity among such patients at our institution. Methods: All patients evaluated in the advanced prostate cancer clinic at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, were approached to complete a survey between February and May 2022. The survey consisted of three parts: 1) demographic, cancer, and treatment characteristics; 2) a coping mechanism questionnaire; and 3) The Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST-FACIT) questionnaire. COST-FACIT scores range from 0-44, with lower scores signifying higher financial toxicity. Patients were defined as having either high (COST-FACIT score &gt;24) or low (COST-FACIT score ≤24) financial toxicity. Coping mechanisms were compared between patients with low and high financial toxicity using Fisher’s exact test. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate patient characteristics associated with high COST-FACIT scores. Results: Of the 786 patients approached, 417 (53.1%) completed the survey and 281 met inclusion criteria. The median COST-FACIT score was 30 (IQR 24-36). On multivariable analysis, characteristics associated with lower financial toxicity included older age, (estimate:0.36, 95%CI 0.21-0.52), applying for patient assistance programs (estimate:4.42, 95%CI 1.72-7.11), and an annual income of at least $100,000 (estimate:7.81, 95%CI 0.97,14.66). Patients with high financial toxicity were more likely to decrease spending on basic goods (34.6% vs. 2.5%, p&lt;0.001) and leisure activities (61.5% vs. 16.9%, p&gt;0.001), as well as use savings (61.5% vs. 16.9%, p&lt;0.001) to pay for their treatment. However, few patients stopped or partially filled their prostate cancer treatments due to cost. Conclusions: In this cross-sectional study of patients with metastatic prostate cancer, older age, higher income, and applying for patient assistance programs were associated with lower financial toxicity. Greater self-reported financial toxicity was associated with decreased spending on basic goods, leisure activities, and tapping into savings. On rare occasion they delayed or skipped treatment. These findings are important to inform treatment shared decision-making and supportive interventions to mitigate financial toxicity in metastatic prostate cancer.

The Relationship of Spirituality with Coping Mechanism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Sukabumi Regency, Indonesia

Aim: Apart from the obvious health consequences, diabetes mellitus leads in unfavorable psychological responses that can lead to emotional problems. Individual coping techniques for lowering stress and making treatment decisions in which spirituality plays a significant role. The study aimed was to determine the relationship between spirituality and the coping mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: This is correlational study with cross-sectional approach. Total sampling was used to collect data from 54 people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The spirituality instrument uses the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) and the coping mechanism uses The Brief Cope. Statistical analysis using chi-square. Results: The results showed that most respondents had moderate spirituality (59,3%) and adaptive coping mechanisms (55.6%). The chi-square test results obtained a P-value of 0.008, so there is a relationship between spirituality and coping mechanisms in type 2 DM patients. Conclusion: The results showed that most of the respondents had moderate spirituality and adaptive coping mechanisms. Spirituality and adaptive coping skills are predicted to be enhanced by nurses, particularly in populations at risk for chronic disease.

Burden of Symptoms and Symptom Experience of Filipino Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasm: A Qualitative Phenomenological Approach.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the cellular proliferation of one or more hematologic cell lines. Patients with MPN who are Philadelphia-negative such as those with Polycythemia Vera (PV), Essential Thrombocytosis (ET), or Myelofibrosis (MF) experience a cluster of symptoms related to the disease activity which can affect their quality of life. This study aimed to explore the symptoms and symptom experience as well as lived experience of Filipino patients with MPN using a qualitative phenomenological approach to get a deeper understanding of the disease symptomatology. Twenty-three patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms were purposively selected according to: 1) type of MPN (PV, ET, MF) 2) status of MPN disease (newly diagnosed vs. chronic) 3) age (≤50 years old; >50 years) and 4) sex (male vs. female). The investigators conducted key informant interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. Interview scripts and narratives were transcribed and analyzed using categorical aggregation and thematic analysis. Twenty patients proceeded with the interview (8 PV, 6 ET, 6 MF). The meta-themes identified were 1) symptom experience and 2) disease perception. Three sub-themes under symptom experience were a) heterogenous and complex symptomatology; b) dynamic nature of symptoms; c) living and coping with symptoms. Three sub-themes under disease perception were a) struggle with the concept of the disease; b) anxiety and uncertainty; c) acceptance and hope. The most common symptoms experienced by the patients were fatigue, bone pain, and abdominal discomfort. Vascular symptoms specifically headache, numbness, and problems in concentration were commonly reported by patients with PV. Fever and weight loss were the least common. Sources of anxiety/uncertainty include the unpredictability of symptom occurrence and blood counts, the burden of taking maintenance medications, the financial burden of living with MPN, and the unpredictability of disease and complications. Patients with MPN had heterogenous, co-occurring, and dynamic symptoms which affected their overall productivity both at home and at work. Patients with MF had the most symptom burden while patients with ET had the least. This study provided valuable insights on disease perceptions, sources of anxiety, and coping mechanisms of patients with MPN. A deeper understanding of the symptom experience and disease perceptions of the patients will enhance the physician-patient interaction especially when discussing management options.

The Relationship of Duration of Hemodialysis with Coping Mechanisms of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Underwent Hemodialysis

Chronic Kidney Disease patients undergoing hemodialysis can cause stress to the patient. The longer the patient suffers from Chronic Kidney Disease, the more the patient has a variety of experiences with stressors due to the disease. These experiences can be used as an anticipatory effort in dealing with stressors experienced by patients. The purpose of this was the relationship between the duration of hemodialysis and the coping mechanism of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. This study used descriptive quantitative, with a correlation design and a cross-sectional approach. The sample was 111 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Sampling technique used the purposive sampling technique. The data collection instrument used a jalowiec coping scale questionnaire and length of underwent hemodialysis. The results showed that most respondents underwent hemodialysis in the category &lt;8 months (70.3%). The coping mechanisms in most patients were categorized as adaptive (55%). It was concluded that there was a relationship between the duration of hemodialysis and the coping mechanism in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis (p = 0,000). The correlation strength value is 0.402 (moderate strength), and the direction of the correlation is negative, it shows that if the length of time is more than eight months, then the patient's coping mechanism becomes adaptive. The patient has accepted the situation he was undergoing, which is due to routine hemodialysis, which causes the patient to often meet other patients with the same problem so that by often telling each other they can share experiences and problems and encourage each other.

Correlation between Self Efficacy and Coping Mechanism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Patients with Diabetes mellitus can experience psychological distress that is stress, depression, and anxiety. Psychological disorders in diabetic patients caused by changes in behavior in everyday life such as physical activity, regular blood glucose control, continuous drug consumption, proper diet, and avoid foot wounds. The patient's response to stress depends on positive coping mechanisms. Positive self-belief or self-efficacy of a patient to the treatment of his illness can increase positive coping mechanisms. This study aims to explain the relationship between self-efficacy with coping mechanisms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study used correlation research design with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling technique in this study used consecutive sampling with respondents 36 outpatients type 2 diabetes mellitus in dr. Haryoto Hospital at Lumajang. Data was obtained by giving questionnaires of the Diabetes Management Self Efficacy Scale (DMSES) and the Cope Inventory, analyzed by using Spearman Rank correlation test. This study showed a significant relationship between self-efficacy and coping mechanism (p = 0.001) with a strong and positive correlation (r = 0.673) which shows the higher self-efficacy of the patient then the coping mechanism will better. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have high self-efficacy in the treatments will have good coping mechanisms in dealing with psychological distress such as stress, depression, and anxiety

Grieving loss of cognitive abilities and sense of self in patients with dementia – how effective coping strategies can influence care: a review of the literature

<h3>Introduction</h3> As dementia progresses, patients experience memory loss and impaired cognitive functioning, threatening their autonomy and ability to be viewed as valuable members in society. However, in the early stages of disease, patients are conscience of their decline and are still able to talk about their experience of dementia, which they often describe as one resulting in a loss of control and a loss of their sense of self - bringing feelings of despair, anger, and hopelessness. In this way, patients with dementia may be grieving the loss of their identity and cognitive abilities as they progress through the disease. Many patients will adapt problem or emotion-focused strategies to cope with unpleasant emotions and to maintain some connectedness to their self. It is increasingly acknowledged that patients with dementia, especially in the early stages, are well-adept at expressing their needs and concerns. Therefore, it is important to hear from patients directly about their life with the disease so clinicians and caregivers can adapt care to the patients' understanding of reality. Up until recently, there was a paucity of research focused on the experiences of patients with dementia. Within the last decade or so, there has been a growing body of qualitative research aimed at better understanding individuals' feelings about living with dementia and how they cope. Nonetheless, there is still limited research providing guidance on how the patients' experiences and coping strategies can inform care initiatives to reduce stigma and address grief associated with dementia. To enhance and contribute to this area of research, a literature review on grief, the experience of living with dementia, and how patients cope was conducted to help develop methods to manage grief more effectively and improve the quality of life for people living with dementia <h3>Methods</h3> A literature review for peer-reviewed publications was conducted in August 2021 to better understand how patients diagnosed with dementia experience the disease and what coping strategies they used. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Harvard Library were searched with the following key words: grief, dementia, loss, experience of patients with dementia, coping strategies. Articles were screened by title and abstract and retained if they discussed any of the key words. Articles were excluded if they were caregiver focused. Reference lists of relevant articles were hand-searched for additional publications. <h3>Results</h3> Sixteen articles were identified that addressed the experience of individuals living with dementia and the coping strategies they used to reduce negative emotions associated with their diagnosis. Recurring themes of loss - including loss of memory, cognitive abilities, and sense of self as experienced by patients were discussed. Individuals wanted to feel valued and did not want to focus on their losses and becoming a burden to others. The coping strategies mentioned can be summarized into 4 categories: (1) Keep going and holding onto life as is (2) Adapt to the demands of the situation; (3) Accept the situation; (4) Avoid the situation or deny diagnosis. Included publications did not provide recommendations for how to use this information from patients to inform care practices. All qualitative interviews collected as part of this review were conducted outside of the United States. <h3>Conclusions</h3> There is still limited qualitative research on experiences and coping mechanisms of patients with dementia, especially in the United States. There are a variety of coping mechanisms employed by patients, depending on their unique context of living with dementia. It would be beneficial to identify which coping strategies are most effective for managing grief to help inform new models of care and improve quality of life. For example, this could be done by interviewing individuals with dementia while assessing the severity of negative emotions they are experiencing over illness progression. The coping mechanisms and experiences synthesized from this review can inform how patients could be approached about their care and diagnosis. Since patients want to feel purposeful and less like a burden to others, health professionals and caregivers should routinely inquire about a patient's experiences with dementia. Asking patients how they are doing with their diagnosis and affirming that their relationship with the patient is valued could be a meaningful and supportive intervention to help a person struggling with the realities of a progressive disease. This can help reduce the stigma surrounding dementia and encourage patients to speak more openly about their diagnosis. Overall, it is important to continue listening to patients about their life with dementia to gain insight on new models of care that can improve coping skills and better manage grief, thus ensuring patients are well-supported throughout dementia progression by healthcare professionals, friends, and family alike. <h3>This research was funded by</h3> Unfunded.

Pengaruh Edukasi Terhadap Mekanisme Koping Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik Dengan Pre Hemodialisa di RSUD Dr. M. Haulussy Kota Ambon

Coping mechanism is an active process which uses internal resources and develops new behaviors that aim to grow strength in the individual, reduce the impact of anxiety and even stress in life. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education on the coping mechanisms of chronic renal failure patients with pre hemodialysis. This research method is a quasi-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest. The sampling technique used was the accidental sampling method, as many as 60 respondents. The results of the Wilcoxon test showed that the P value = 0.004 &lt; = 0.05, which means that there is an effect of education on the coping mechanisms of patients with chronic kidney failure before and after being given education. Suggestions for patients are to continue to increase knowledge and be active in health education activities. Suggestions for health agencies are to provide optimal counseling so that patients are able to use adaptive coping mechanisms.Keywords: Education; Chronic renal failure; Hemodialysis; Coping mechanism

Increasing our understanding of nonphysical suffering within palliative care: A scoping review.

Nonphysical suffering is emotional, psychological, existential, spiritual, and/or social in nature. While palliative care is a discipline dedicated to the prevention and relief of suffering - both physical and nonphysical - little is known about existing research specific to nonphysical suffering within the context of palliative care. This scoping review helps to fill this gap. Three hundred and twenty-eight unique records were identified through a systematic search of three databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO). The following keywords were used: (suffering) AND (palliative OR "end of life" OR "end-of-life" OR hospice OR dying OR terminal* ill*). Thirty studies published between 1998 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria. Losses, worries, and fears comprise patients' primary sources of nonphysical suffering. Patients face numerous barriers in expressing their nonphysical suffering to healthcare providers. The idea that patients can choose how they perceive their circumstances, thereby minimizing their nonphysical suffering, is pervasive in the research. The nature of nonphysical suffering experienced by family caregivers and palliative care clinicians is revealed in the review. The unique and sensitive interplay between nonphysical suffering and both palliative sedation and requests for hastened death is also evident. Overall, seven themes can be identified: (i) patients' experiences of nonphysical suffering; (ii) patient coping mechanisms; (iii) efforts to measure nonphysical suffering; (iv) palliative sedation; (v) requests for hastened death; (vi) family suffering; and (vii) clinician suffering. This is the first scoping review to map palliative care's research specific to suffering that is social, emotional, spiritual, psychological, and/or existential in nature. Its findings expand our understanding of the nature of nonphysical suffering experienced by patients, families, and palliative care clinicians. The review's findings have significant implications for front-line practice and future research.

PENINGKATAN MEKANISME KOPING PADA PASIEN KANKER PAYUDARA DI RUMAH SAKIT GRANDMED LUBUK PAKAM

The success of the coping mechanism in patients with breast cancer depends not only on early detection but also an understanding of the mechanisms that cause it. Psychological impact experienced by each patient, especially breast cancer which underwent different treatment depending on the level of severity (stage). The differences before and after being given education can affect the coping mechanism of the individual itself. One of the conditions that can cause anxiety is the process of implementing chemotherapy treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in coping mechanisms in breast cancer patients at Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital. Counselling was carried out to see an increase in coping mechanisms, namely by directly informing breast cancer patients about coping mechanisms with education, distributing leaflets and analyzing data before and after education. Data analysis was performed using the Paired Sample T-Test with a confidence level of 95% and a value of α = 0.05. The results obtained from this study have shown a change in the coping mechanism of the patient before and after being given education on the application of the coping mechanism with a p-value = 0.001 (α&gt; 0.05). In conclusion, there is an increase in coping mechanisms in breast cancer patients who are carried out according to standards, for health institutions there is a need for supervision and counselling to the public about the importance of maintaining health, especially for breast cancer patients at Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital.