Monuments of the Italian Renaissance are considered as the symbols of cosmological ideas. The space of the temple is likened the universe in categories developed by the intellectuals of the Renaissance, given the astronomical model of AristotlePtolemy. Discoveries in science, the struggle of ideas and worldviews reflected in the church architecture and construction of country houses. The article was proven that the crisis of anthropocentrism caused by the consequences derived from the theory of Copernicus, reflected in the architectural practice of the 16st century.