Coos County Research Articles

Do rural youth want to stay rural? Influences on residential aspirations of youth in forest-located communities

ABSTRACT Economic transitions have a wide variety of impacts on rural forest-located communities. Uncertain employment prospects and a lack of local higher education institutions may increase out-migration, while individual connections to the local natural environment and community itself may bind youth to their community of origin. We analyzed over 2,000 survey responses from middle and high school youth from traditionally forest-dependent communities in greater Piscataquis County, Maine, and Coos County, Oregon (USA). We explored the role of school and community perceptions, place attachment, and educational aspirations in students’ desired future residential location (rural or non-rural). Community perceptions and place attachment were positively related to desired future rural residence, while educational aspirations were negatively related. We conclude that rural forest-located communities may better retain or attract rural youth by focusing on community attributes and connections to the outdoors for continued community sustainability.

Multilevel Factors for Life Satisfaction Among Residents in Non-Urban Subsidized Senior Housing

Although a quarter of HUD-assisted properties for older adults are located in rural/non-metropolitan areas, there is limited understanding of the population living in these locations. Advanced age and low income are known risk factors for poor physical and mental health. Older adults in rural subsidized housings may be at increased risk for poor health and social isolation due to their isolated locations and small-scale housing complexes. This presents the additional challenge of service provision for the residents’ needs. This study aims to explore multi-level factors affecting life satisfaction among residents in subsidized senior housing. Data were collected for five subsidized senior housings in New Hampshire: two in Coos county (rural, population=33,055) and three in Strafford county (suburban, population=128,613). Mixed-methods approaches were used: Community/organizational-level data were collected using semi-structured interviews conducted with the directors of senior housings. At the individual level, quantitative survey data were collected from 82 residents of five senior housings. Contrary to expectations, we found that residents in rural senior housings were likely to report better life satisfaction (Coef.=0.597, p<.01) than those in suburban areas despite controlling for individual-level factors such as age, gender, education, marital status, health, social relations, and service use. The most salient terms used in the interviews with directors of rural senior housings include limited resources, tight community, and emotional support. The last two may be protective factors positively influencing life satisfaction among their residents. Our results contribute to development strategies to improve quality of life among residents in rural/non-metropolitan subsidized senior housing.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Punctodera mulveyi n. sp. (Nematoda: Punctoderidae) from a golf course green in Oregon, USA, with a key to species of Punctodera

Summary Punctodera mulveyi n. sp. is described and illustrated from turf grass (Poa annua) in golf course greens with other fescues in Bandon, Coos County, Oregon, USA. Females and cysts are characterised by a saccate, globose to ovoid or pear-shaped body with a protruding neck. The cuticle has a lace-like pattern of ridges and heavy punctations on the subsurface. Cysts have distinctive vulval and anal circumfenestral patterns with heavy bullae scattered around the fenestral area, these being absent in young cysts. Second-stage juveniles (J2) vermiform, tapering to a long and cylindrical tail with a bluntly rounded to occasionally clavate tail terminus. Morphologically the new species resembles all known species of Punctodera using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations, but differs from the other species either by the J2 body and stylet length, shape of head, tail and tail terminus, female and male stylet or spicule length, and in having distinctive vulval and anal circumfenestral patterns in the cysts. Molecular analysis with sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees of ITS rDNA, nuclear heat shock protein 90 and mitochondrial COI sequences separated P. mulveyi n. sp. from P. matadorensis, P. punctata, P. stonei and P. chalcoensis, but 18S and 28S were relatively conserved with a few bp differences and there were insufficient Punctodera species sequences to give strong support to a new species designation. A morphologically most closely related species, P. stonei from Canada, further supported the status of P. mulveyi n. sp. An identification key to all five nominal species of Punctodera is given.

Read me a Story!

Read me a Story! is an early literacy program partnership between the Coos County Library Service District’s Extended Services Office (ESO) and the Shutter Creek Correctional Institute. The aim is to reach at-risk children and their caregivers in an unconventional way by building on existing relationships to encourage a love of reading. This gives the child their best opportunity for future educational success, and the prisoner an invaluable opportunity to be a positive influence in a child’s life. Read me a Story! helps spread childhood literacy to our society’s most vulnerable at-risk population: the children of convicted, incarcerated felons. Our goal is to encourage a love of reading that will place them on a path leading toward future educational and economic success, and we do it by building on the preexisting close relationships between children and their incarcerated loved ones. Effectively, finding a silver lining in a difficult situation.

Behavioral and morphological evidence of an Allen’s × Rufous hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin × S. rufus) hybrid zone in southern Oregon and northern California

Abstract Allen’s (Selasphorus sasin) and Rufous (S. rufus) hummingbird have long been suspected to hybridize, and potentially form a hybrid zone where their ranges overlap in southern Oregon. Migratory Allen’s Hummingbird (S. s. sasin) breeds along a narrow strip of the California coast up to the Oregon border, while Rufous Hummingbird breeds from southern Oregon to Alaska. Analysis of behavioral and morphological data for 183 males and morphological data from 138 females showed that Allen’s and Rufous hummingbird form a hybrid zone in southern Oregon and northern California. Linear discriminant function analysis and cline analysis of 20 phenotypic characters for males and 9 phenotypic characters for females suggested the center of the coastal transect of this north–south hybrid zone spanned from Bandon, Oregon (Coos County), to Port Orford, Oregon (Curry County). The contact zone extended north into the breeding range of Rufous (into Florence, Lane County, Oregon) and south into the range of Allen’s (into Arcata, Humboldt County, California). Sporadic inland sampling suggested the hybrid zone extended at least 94 km inland from the coast. Behavioral data included courtship displays, which were composed of discrete, modular, behavioral elements. Sexual selection acted on these courtship displays, as behavioral clines related to courtship behaviors were more narrow than morphological clines. Some of the courtship behaviors analyzed included previously undescribed diagnostic behavioral characters for Allen’s and Rufous hummingbird.

First Records of the Pacific Snake Eel, Ophichthus triserialis, In Oregon Waters

We document the 1st records of the Pacific Snake Eel, Ophichthus triserialis, from washed-up specimens on the coast of Oregon. One specimen, with a damaged head region, was found near a public beach in Lincoln City, Lincoln County, Oregon, on 21 January 2017. We discuss another specimen found on a beach near Bandon, Coos County, Oregon, in March 2016.

Environmental Relationships in Forests of Early 20th Century Coos County, Oregon, Based on Timber Cruise Data

Timber cruise data can provide useful information not available elsewhere. Measurements of timber volume (timber cruises) from the early 20th century for Coos County, Oregon, were used to assess the degree to which tree species distribution and timber volume varied with edaphic and climatic factors. The study area has diverse geology in a moderate maritime climate, and represents an area of forest transition between the Coast Range and the Klamath Mountains. Species distribution was determined from 629 cruised 1-mi2 (2.59 km2) sections, and timber volume from 252 sections of old-growth forest. Most forests were dominated by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii); Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), although least frequent, had the second-most timber volume. All six commercial conifer species differed substantially in distribution in relation to geography and to environment. Both distribution and volume of grand fir (Abies grandis) varied with geologic unit and general soil type: Sitka spruce, with soil and maximal summer temperature (–sign); Douglas-fir, with temperature ( ) and summer precipitation ( ); western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), with precipitation ( ); Port-Orford-cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), with precipitation (–); and western redcedar (Thuja plicata), with no factor. Importance of Douglas-fir and hemlock increased on geologic units with sediments from inland plutonic sources, which reduced importance of Port-Orford-cedar. Some species varied significantly among soil units within a geological formation, and vice-versa. When choosing which species to plant, these cruise data can supplement or replace guidelines based on plant associations.

The Importance of Substate Surveillance in Detection of Geographic Oral Health Inequalities in a Small State

Considering that 42% of children and adolescents and 91% of dentate adults experience dental caries, oral disease is a public health problem. Although the population's oral health is improving, certain subgroups remain at increased risk for dental disease. To assess the oral health status at the substate level and explore the possibility of geographic oral health inequalities in New Hampshire while building upon existing surveillance data sets. We used the Third Grade Oral Health and NH Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys. We ensured the availability of substate level data and compared county/region specific estimates. New Hampshire. Adults and third-grade students in public schools. The prevalence of dental caries, untreated caries, and dental sealants among children; and the insurance status, utilization of dental services, and edentulism among adults. Of the 10 counties, the northernmost Coos County had consistently worse outcomes when compared with other counties. Only 64% of adult Coos County residents reported a dental visit in the past year; of these, 66% reported dental cleaning. Among adults 65 years and older, 29% were edentulous. In comparison with the state overall, these estimates were 76%, 77%, and 19%, respectively. Coos County third-grade students had the highest prevalence of dental caries experience (64% compared with 44% in New Hampshire) and untreated caries (31% compared with 12%), and only 24% had dental sealants (state prevalence is 60%). Overall oral health status in our state is favorable and comparable with the nation, yet significant geographic inequalities exist among children and adults. The oral health status of disparate groups can be improved using tailored interventions such as community water fluoridation or expansion of school-based dental sealant programs. Surveillance at the substate level is an essential part of the planning, targeting, and progress monitoring.

Drylands, A Rural American Saga by Lionel Delevingne and Steve Turner

 Reviews Lost in Coos: “Heroic Deeds and Thrilling Adventures” of Searches and Rescues on Coos River, Coos County, Oregon 1871 to 2000 by Lionel Youst Golden Falls Publishing, Allegany, Oregon, 2011. Photographs, maps, bibliography, index. 142 pages. $15.00 paper. The northern part of Coos County, Oregon, still has some 960 square miles of mostly uninhabited rainforest. The area has steep, vertical slopes reaching 2,000 feet in elevation. Dark canyons are choked with tall trees, brush, and windfalls. Sixty to a hundred inches of annual rainfall have created dense forests with fastmoving rivers and streams. Lionel Youst has lived on the periphery of this wild land most of his life and has previously written several books about Native Americans, pioneers, and gyppo loggers who carved out an existence among the Douglas fir giants of the Coast Range. In Lost in Coos, Youst weaves together the legends and evidence surrounding episodes when humans became stranded in the Millicoma and Elliot forests and fellow humans made valiant efforts to get them out. Youst was twelve years old in 1945, when an Army C-46 aircraft with a dozen veterans ran out of fuel in a horrific November storm in the deep forest miles beyond his home. With no place to land, the soldiers bailed out, just at sunset, before crashing. One soldier’s parachute tangled in the top of a 250-foot fir. For thirty-six hours, in wind and rain, the private held on until he was found by a fifty-year-old logger who used his climbing gear to make a sensational rescue.Other members of the crew did not fare as well. Youst knew members of the rescue party intimately,heard the thrilling stories first-hand, and even possessed one of the propellers from the downed plane.He was personally involved, later in life, in several other rescues described in the book. And he knows the forest well. As a result, readers of Lost in Coos get a wonderfully emotional first-hand account of what it was like to be both a confused and bewildered accident victim and a daring member of a rescue team.The author says he desired to“tell engaging stories that will hold interest”(p.xii). He succeeds. Vivid prose puts readers right at the scene. One can almost feel the ceaseless rain and the hunger pangs of victims trapped in a forest maze. Lost in Coos is an anthology divided into two sections. Six chapters are devoted to rescues that took place before roads penetrated the forests (1870s to 1950s). They involve lost hunters, trappers, loggers, and even a pilot. Six additional chapters involve incidents after roads were punched into the forest to salvage downed timber following the Columbus Day Storm of 1962. Mainly, these chapters involve car accidents on the area’s lonely logging roads. The author has relied heavily on first-person accounts of survivors and rescuers and stories reported in local newspapers. Along the way, Youst describes the typical behavior of lost persons and how the methodology of rescuers has evolved over the decades. Youst has a deep commitment to preserving local history,and his latest book keeps alive the memory of a dozen interesting local stories that otherwise would have been — lost. Steven Greif Coos County Historical Society Drylands, a Rural American Saga by Lionel Delevingne and Steve Turner University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, 2011. Photographs. 144 pages. $27.95 cloth. Tributes to rural America tend to romanticize life on the land and in small towns. If writer Steve Turner and photographer Lionel Delevingne , in their book Drylands, a Rural American Saga, occasionally give in to this tempta-  OHQ vol. 113, no. 1 tion, they also show a keen understanding of the history and dynamics of farming in one small region of eastern Washington — Adams County — and an honest affection for the communities that sustain rural life. The authors see Adams County as a perfect example of “the collective pressures of rural change” (p. xii). As such, it is the victim of several ironies. First, mechanization has led to reduced population and, with fewer people around to patronize small businesses, a depletion of services.In addition,in...

Lost in Coos: “Heroic Deeds and Thrilling Adventures” of Searches and Rescues on Coos River, Coos County, Oregon 1871 To 2000 by Lionel Youst

Lost in Coos: “Heroic Deeds and Thrilling Adventures” of Searches and Rescues on Coos River, Coos County, Oregon 1871 To 2000 by Lionel Youst

One haploid parent contributes 100% of the gene pool for a widespread species in northwest North America

The monoicous peatmoss Sphagnum subnitens has a tripartite distribution that includes disjunct population systems in Europe (including the Azores), northwestern North America and New Zealand. Regional genetic diversity was highest in European S.subnitens but in northwestern North America, a single microsatellite-based multilocus haploid genotype was detected across 16 sites ranging from Coos County, Oregon, to Kavalga Island in the Western Aleutians (a distance of some 4115 km). Two multilocus haploid genotypes were detected across 14 sites on South Island, New Zealand. The microsatellite-based regional genetic diversity detected in New Zealand and North American S.subnitens is the lowest reported for any Sphagnum. The low genetic diversity detected in both of these regions most likely resulted from a founder event associated with vegetative propagation and complete selfing, with one founding haploid plant in northwest North America and two in New Zealand. Thus, one plant appears to have contributed 100% of the gene pool for the population systems of S.subnitens occurring in northwest North America, and this is arguably the most genetically uniform group of plants having a widespread distribution yet detected. Although having a distribution spanning 12.5° of latitude and 56° of longitude, there was no evidence of any genetic diversification in S. subnitens in northwest North America. No genetic structure was detected among the three regions, and it appears that European plants of S.subnitens provided the source for New Zealand and northwest North American populations.

Sawdust in the Western Woods by Lionel Youst

According toPedaling Revolution, the cul tural shifts,unorthodox political leadership, infrastructure upheaval, dedicated bureau cracy, and tenacious citizenry necessary for a true transportation revolution are taking shape. By the end of thebook, itisobvious that Mapes is arguing for much more than simply bicycles. Rather, Pedaling Revolution calls for a transformation in how we develop and move around our urban spaces. Although he is ostensibly speaking for"cycling advocates," Mapes clearlyagreeswith theirviewpointwhen he writes, "many cycling advocates gradually get to the point where theywant to revamp the entire road system,not justfigureout how to integratecyclists in the currentone" (p. 23). Of course, it would not be a revolutionwith out a fundamental shift in the current order, and revamping the entire road systemwould undoubtedly serve as a revolutionary act. As someone who promotes bicycling,walk ing,transit,and ridesharing fora living, Ifind the book's vision is compelling. To temper Mapes's enthusiasm about the current growth inbicycling,however, itis worth delving deeper into the author's musings on the short-lived bicycle craze in the 1970s. As he theorizes, demographic changes brought the bicycle boom to a screeching halt in the late 1970s, as baby boomers moved from their teenage years to early adulthood and graduated from ten-speeds to automobiles. At the time, few industryinsidersor transportationofficialshad a clearunderstanding of the increase inbicycle sales and interest or itsprecipitous decline. Bicycling and its supporters find themselves in a similar quandary today. Few can argue about bicycling's growing appeal, particularly in dense urban areas where transportation departments have dedicated some portion of the roadway to cycling.But arewe on theverge of a revolution? Perhaps, but itwill be up to the historians to debate that question in the coming years. Scott Cohen Portland, Oregon SAWDUST IN THE WESTERN WOODS byLionelYoust Golden Falls Publishing, Allegany, Oregon, 2009. Photographs, bibliography, index. 102 pages. $21.95 paper. Lionel Youst subtitles his latestbook, "A per sonal, pictorial, and primarily oral history of the small sawmill in theDouglas fir region, 1926-1956," which isa precise description. Like the old-time gyppo sawmiller it chronicles, there isnothing fancy or complicated about Sawdust in the Western Woods. The book is composed of a series of interviewsYoust con ducted with his fatherGeorge Youst, interwo venwith commentary and explanation. The advent of the Model T and gasoline and diesel powered sawmills in the 1920sprovided the means for independent owner-operators, such asGeorge Youst, to setup small,portable sawmills with a minimal of capital invest ment. Such "gyppo" operations proliferated throughout thePacificNorthwest until theend of thepost-war housing boom, when recession and lumber company consolidations curtailed independent logging andmilling. While Youst's commentary on his father's oral history is helpful, placing it in a larger historical contextwould broaden the book's appeal. A bit of analysis on the impacts of technology, for example, would be appropri ated asYoust chronicles his father'ssawmilling career,beginning with horse logging,moving onto steamdonkeys, a FordV-8, finishingwith an all-electric sawmill in 1956. After settingup his small sawmill in south ernWashington, George Youst survived the depression by purchasing 320 acres of timber land and used sawmill equipment at fire sale prices. But by 1937, he had depleted his timber, moved to Coos County, Oregon, and set up another operation, profitingbyWorld War II and the post-war boom. Eventually, George sold off his properties inOregon and pur chased an electricmill innorthern California, but he became financially overextended and Reviews 641 was forced to disassemble themill to avoid bankruptcy. The story of George Youst is similar to those of hundreds of other hardworkingmen who attempted to scrape a livingout of the forestsof thePacificNorthwest as independent entrepreneurs. Like others,George Youst was buffeted by thebooms and busts inherent in an unstable industry.Again, some historical analysis of lumber industryeconomics would be helpful. Sawdust in the Western Woods is also liberallysprinkledwith intriguingperiod photographs of logging and milling in the Coast Range, many from theYoust family album. Unfortunately, most are small and rather grainy. For those specifically interested in gyppo sawmills inOregon andWashington, Sawdust in the Western Woods serves as an important primary source. Likemany local and oral his tories,however, itlacks thecontextand analysis ofmore elaborate works such asHard Times...

A study of the vegetation and floristic diversity of two peatland complexes of post-settlement origin in Lake Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge, Coos County, New Hampshire

The floristic diversity and vegetation communities of Leonard Marsh and Harpers Meadow, two peatland complexes of recent origin within the Lake Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge in Coos County, New Hampshire, were investigated. The combined vascular floras of Leonard Marsh and Harpers Meadow consisted of 178 species, 111 of which occurred in both peatlands. The flora included two state-listed species, Eriophorum angustifolium subsp. angustifolium (endangered) and Listera cordata (threatened). Abundance and frequency data from 617 quadrats along 35 transects were analyzed by two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and resulted in the recognition of nine vegetation cover types (CT): Thuja occidentalis–Alnus incana CT, the Picea mariana–Nemopanthus mucronatus CT, the Nemopanthus mucronatus–Alnus incana CT, the Rhododendron canadense–Nemopanthus mucronatus CT, the Rhododendron canadense–Chamaedaphne calyculata CT, the Chamaedaphne calyculata–Carex oligosperma CT, the Scheuchzeria palustris–Carex oligosperma CT, the Carex lasiocarpa–Chamaedaphne calyculata CT, and the Dulichium arundinaceum–Potentilla palustris CT. A tenth cover type consisting of aquatic vegetation, the Brasenia schreberi–Potamogeton spp. CT, was recognized based on qualitative field observations. Despite the recent formation of these peatland complexes following the construction of the Errol Dam in 1853, the vegetation composition of Leonard Marsh and Harpers Meadow shares broad similarities with peatlands in New England, the northcentral United States, and adjacent Canada. Leonard Marsh and Harpers Meadow are best classified as oligotrophic to weakly minerotrophic level peatland complexes occupying broad and shallow outwash plains. Historical records, botanical evidence, and patterns in basin topography suggest that terrestrialization and paludification have been critical processes in the post-settlement development of these two large peatland complexes.

Can't You Hear the Whistle Blowin': Logs, Lignite, and Locomotives in Coos County, Oregon, 1859-1930 by William Lansing

Can't You Hear the Whistle Blowin': Logs, Lignite, and Locomotives in Coos County, Oregon, 1859-1930 by William Lansing

Letters

his professional life with Menasha. This book followshis previously published history of the Menasha Corporation, Seeing theForestfor the Trees (2005). Coos County is replete with published histories,most of them selfpublished. (The only exceptions are William G. Robbins, Hard Times inParadise, University ofWashington Press, 1988; Nathan Douthit, A Guide to Oregon South Coast History, Oregon StateUniversity Press, 1999;andmy twobiographies, published byUniversity ofOklahoma Press.) Local his torydepends almost entirelyon self-published books, and those of us who are local history buffsaremost gratefulforthem.As a self-pub lished book, however, Lansing's stands alone because itcombines a professionally researched text with a fully formattedpicture book suitable for themost discriminating coffee table. There isvery littleto criticize,but here and therecaptions do draw comment. The caption forthebottom picture on page 25,forexample, reads, "Tail block on high lead logging opera tion,"but thepicture isobviously of a Tommy Moore block, almost certainlyground lead,not high lead.On page 57,the"construction crane" is actually a pile driver.There are few others, too petty tomention. The primary documents are the photo graphs, and Lansing supplements themwith a livelyand informednarrative about thehistory and locations of the railroads. There are chap terson the timberand coal industries, thefirst railroads, company histories, and a fascinating section on the Spruce Production Division of the U. S. Army, 1917-1918. An appendix shows twenty-eightof the locomotiveswith details of their manufacture and ownership histories.A special feature isa 24-by-341/2-inch map insert showing the locations of the rail lines,plotted by the author. It is a significant contribution to thehistory of the area. The book presentsoriginal informationon a subject that isshortonwritten documentation. As Lansing says inhis prologue, fewdetailed records were kept of theactivitiesof loggersand miners. Those old-timers did, however, enjoy showing off their equipment during a time when cameras were a novelty, and, as a result, there is a wealth of photographic evidence of their activities. The book is about the 220 photographs itcontains ? 70 percent ofwhich are from the extensive collection of theCoos County Historical andMaritime Museum. I am familiar with thenegativesfrom a large number of thephotographs, and I am amazed at the high quality of the reproductions. For readers interestedinhistoric photos, itisa trea sure trove.Railroad buffs will find itan endless source of interestand fascination, and anyone researchinghistories of the lumber and logging companies will find it indispensable. Lionel Youst Coos Bay, Oregon _LETTERS To theEditor: Inmy continuing quest for informationon Edward Bellamy and the interestinhiswork in thePacificNorthwest (see "Looking Backward atEdward Bellamy's Impact in Oregon," Oregon Historical Quarterly 104:1 Spring 2003), Iwas pleased todiscover thatThe Bookman: A Liter aryJournal,published monthly byDodd, Mead & Company inNew York, regularly printed listingof sales of books during themonth for severalU.S. and Canadian cities. The report fornew books sold between August 1,1897,and September 1, 1897,published in theOctober 1897 issue (vol. 6, no. 2) includes Portland, Oregon, as one of the thirty-one locations with sales data (p. 173).The number one book Letters 347 in sales as reported by "leading booksellers" in Portland forthat month was Bellamy's recently published Equality, the sequel to his Utopian novel, LookingBackward 2000-1887 (1888). Sev eralother locations, includingBuffalo,Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Indianapolis, Louisville, Providence, Toledo, and Toronto, have Equal ity in the top six titles sold thatmonth, but Portland was the only location with thenovel being thenumber one seller. This isreflectivein someway of a continuing interestinBellamy's work in the region. It isalso interestingtonotewhat other titles were best sellers inPortland at this time.The other fivebooks on the listduringAugust 1897 inorder of saleswere TheMartian, byGeorge Du Maurier, From theLand of theSnow Pearls: TalesfromFuget Sound, byElla Higginson, The Choir Invisible,by JamesLane Allen, Soldiers of Fortune, by Richard H. Davis, Jerome, A Poor Man: A Novel, byMary Eleanor Wilkins, and Wolfville, byAlfredH. Lewis (Dan Quin). The nextmonth's listingforPortland (September 1897) shows Equality at thenumber fourposi tion in saleswith Quo Vadis, byHenryk Sien kiewicz, taking over thenumber one position while theworks by Wilkins, Allen, Higginson, and Davis remained in the top six. By the October 1897 listing forPortland, Equality is no longer in the top six; Quo Vadis retains the number one position and twoworks by Rudyard...

VASCULAR FLORA OF GOLDEN AND SILVER FALLS STATE NATURAL AREA IN THE OREGON COAST RANGE, COOS COUNTY, OREGON

ABSTRACT A descriptive plant survey was conducted of Golden and Silver Falls State Natural Area in the Coast Range northeast of Coos Bay in Coos County, Oregon, during 1988, 1990, and 1997. The 63.6 ha natural area was established in 1936 to preserve an old-growth stand of Pseudotsuga menziesii surrounding the area of two scenic waterfalls. Vascular flora consisted of 241 specific and infraspecific taxa in 162 genera from 61 families, of which 70 taxa (29 %) were exotics. The five plant habitats were steep coniferous mountain slopes (Pseudotsuga menziesii-Tsuga heterophylla/Acer circinatum/Polystichum munitum association) and (Pseudotsuga menziesii-Tsuga heterophylla/Gaultheria shallon/Polystichum munitum association), sandstone cliff escarpments, lowland valley hardwoods (Acer macrophyllum-Umbellularia californica/Polystichum munitum association), ruderal, and riparian floodplain (Alnus rubra/Rubus spectabilis/Oxalis oregana association).

Landscapes of Promise: The Oregon Story, 1800-1940.

Landscapes of Promise is the first comprehensive environmental history of the early years of a state that has long been associated with environmental protection. Covering the period from early human habitation to the end of World War II, William Robbins shows that the reality of Oregon's environmental history involves far more than a discussion of timber cutting and land-use planning. Robbins demonstrates that ecological change is not only a creation of modern industrial society. Native Americans altered their environment in a number of ways, including the planned annual burning of grasslands and light-burning of understory forest debris. Early Euro-American settlers who thought they were taming a virgin wilderness were merely imposing a new set of alterations on an already modified landscape.Beginning with the first 18th-century traders on the Pacific Coast, alterations to Oregon's landscape were closely linked to the interests of global market forces. Robbins uses period speeches and publications to document the increasing commodification of the landscape and its products. Environment melts before the man who is in earnest, wrote one booster in 1905, reflecting prevailing ways of thinking. In an impressive synthesis of primary sources and historical analysis, Robbins traces the transformation of the landscape and the evolution of our attitudes toward the natural world. William Robbins is distinguished professor of history at State University. He is the author of Hard Times in Paradise: A History of Coos County, Oregon and Colony and Empire: The Capitalist Transformation of the American West.

Aclonal Reproduction by Polyploid Members of the Clonal Hybrid Species Phoxinus eos-neogaeus (Cyprinidae)

Hybrids of the daces Phoxinus eos and P. neogaeus occur throughout the northern United States and southern Canada. Diploid hybrids and some diploid-triploid mosaic hybrids from East Inlet Pond, Coos County, New Hampshire, produce diploid all-identical ova of P. eos-neogaeus that develop into diploid young if sperm from either parental species serves only to stimulate development but triploid or diploid-triploid mosaic young if the sperm genome is actually incorporated. The hybrid population at East Inlet Pond appears to be perpetuated by this unique form of sperm-dependent, clonal reproduction. Here we report two additional forms of reproduction based on laboratory spawnings of two mosaic and two triploid hybrid females collected from East Inlet Pond, New Hampshire. The two triploids produced diploid offspring that were indistinguishable from P. eos on the basis of several external morphological traits. In addition, the offspring possessed allozymes characteristic of P. eos at all six diagnostic loci tested, and they had histocompatibility antigens and an allele of Gpi-B absent from their mothers. Conversely, the coiling of their digestive tracts varied between the morphology characteristic of P. neogaeus and that of P. eos. Collectively, these data suggest that the triploid females produced haploid ova containing exclusively or mostly chromosomes of P. eos that were fertilized by sperm of P. eos. The two mosaics produced offspring that carried the clonal genome of P. eosneogaeus, indicating that they produced diploid all-identical ova of P. eos-neogaeus like the diploid and mosaic hybrids we have previously reported. However, they also produced some offspring that did not carry the clonal genome, apparently from nonidentical ova of unknown ploidy level. Reproduction by the types of triploid and mosaic hybrids reported here may introduce greater variation into hybrid populations. These modes of reproduction may also provide a vehicle by which genes may be exchanged between the parental species, P. eos and P. neogaeus.

Lentinus Adhaerens, a Species New to North America

(1986). Lentinus Adhaerens, a Species New to North America. Mycologia: Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 296-298.

Irish Potato, Wireworm Control, Guildhall, Vt, 1980

Abstract This study was located on the Burt Peasley Farm, Guildhall, VT which is contiguous with the potato growing region of Coos County, New Hampshire. The area used was prepared for its second year of potato production after being in grass sod for more than 20 years. The plots were 24 ft by 50 ft with each treatment replicated 3 times in a randomized block design. Broadcast (BC) treatments were made on May 27 jut priot to planting and were worked into the soil to a depth of 4 inches.