Coordination Function Research Articles

Intralimb Coordination Pattern of the Lower Limbs in Male Athletes With Allograft and Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction During Landing

Background and Objectives: Two common choices exist for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, autograft and allograft. Hamstring tendon autografts and soft-tissue allografts are commonly used for ACL reconstruction. The outcomes between these two grafts are controversial. This research aims to quantify and compare lower limb joint coordination between two ACL reconstruction graft options and healthy individuals. Methods: Sixty-one athletes were enrolled after ACL reconstruction surgery (allograft, n=22; autograft, n=18). Furthermore, twenty-one healthy athletes were considered in the control group. The inclusion criteria included unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery with allograft and autograft methods, male athletes with a minimum of 9 months and a maximum of two years since their surgery, successfully passing a series of quadriceps and hamstring strength tests and distance jumping before entering sports-specific activities under the supervision of a sports physiotherapist, and returning to pre-injury sports activities. Results: Autograft was not statistically different from matched healthy limbs in terms of joint coordination variability and magnitude (P>0.05). However, the magnitude of joint coordination was superior to the allograft group compared to the autograft reconstructed ACL (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although our result reported no significant difference between groups in joint coordination variability, having an insight into coordinative function after ACL reconstruction will help develop postoperative rehabilitation programs as well as minimize the re-injury risk among patients. We also suggest that scholars should conduct more robust trials with valid research designs to control the results of ACL reconstruction comparison with autograft and allograft.

The European Union agenda in Erdogan’s argumentative discourse: an analysis of the ideational sources and interactive functions of political reasoning

ABSTRACT This article presents the findings of an in-depth analysis of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s position and argumentation regarding the European Union (EU). The study explores the ideational sources (cognitive and normative) and interactive functions (communicative and coordinative) of his foreign policy discourse. We argue that Erdogan instrumentalises and politicises foreign policy discourse for the coordinative function of political mobilisation. First, Erdogan’s dual approach is shaped by his leadership roles (president versus party chairperson), his target audience (national versus international), and timing (election versus non-election periods), with Euroscepticism and antagonistic argumentation featuring prominently in his discourse. Second, as party chairperson, Erdogan employs nationalist chauvinism, a normative source shared by relevant institutional actors, to fulfil a coordinative function. Third, cognitive dissonance stemming from his positional dichotomy, alongside misrepresenting actors and processes, allows him a blame strategy, framed by accusations of 1) double standards, 2) the EU’s miscalculation, 3) pacta sunt servanda, and 4) the actions of ‘certain’ member states.

Coordinative optimization for wind farms considering improved fatigue load index

In the wind farm(WF), there exists a serious uneven distribution of damage equivalent load(DEL) on the wind turbine(WT), which increases the maintenance cost of wind power generation. Previous researches focus on a single objective such as the total or the standard deviation of fatigue loads for optimal control. To address these, this paper proposes a coordinative optimization by considering an improved fatigue load index. The coordinative optimization is achieved on both WF level and WT level. For WF level, a state-space model is built for the active power dispatch by utilizing small signal linearization. Then, an improved sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the fatigue load on the component of the tower and shaft. Further, a coordinative multi-objective function is designed, which minimizes the total DEL of the WF, and balances the individual fatigue load distribution of the WT. For WT level, an adaptive internal model control is proposed to suppress both tower vibrations and torque fluctuation of the main shaft. Several experiments are performed to verify the significance of the proposed method with the weight analysis of power and load coefficient. The comparison results reveals the superiority of the coordinative optimization in restraining the total DEL of the WF, balancing WF fatigue distribution, decreasing the DEL of the single WT, and satisfying the power reference tracking simultaneously.

9284 Leveraging Inter-Individual Transcriptional Correlation Structure To Infer Discrete Signaling Mechanisms Across Metabolic Tissues

Abstract Disclosure: M. Zhou: None. I. Tamburini: None. C. Van: None. J. Molendijk: None. L.M. Velez: None. C. Nguyen: None. R. Yeo: None. C. Filho: None. A.L. Hevener: None. J. Justice: None. L.M. Sparks: None. E.E. Kershaw: None. D. Nicholas: None. M. Seldin: None. Inter-organ communication is a vital process to maintain physiologic homeostasis, and its dysregulation contributes to many human diseases. Given that circulating bioactive factors are stable in serum, occur naturally, and are easily assayed from blood, they present obvious focal molecules for therapeutic intervention and biomarker development. A major obstacle in the characterization of such soluble factors is that defining their tissues and pathways of action requires extensive experimental testing in cells and animal models. Recently, studies have shown that secreted proteins mediating inter-tissue signaling could be identified by “brute-force” surveys of all genes within RNA-sequencing measures across tissues within a population. Expanding on this intuition, we reasoned those parallel strategies could be leveraged to understand how individual genes mediate signaling across metabolic tissues through correlative analyses of genetic gene variation between individuals. Thus, genetics comparison of quantitative levels of gene expression relationships between organs in a population could aid in understanding cross-organ signaling by adopting a gene-centric approach. Here, we surveyed gene-gene genetic correlation structure for ∼6.1x10^12 gene pairs across 18 metabolic tissues in 310 human individuals and 7 tissues in 103 diverse strains of mice fed a normal chow or HFHS diet. where the variation of genes such as FGF21, ADIPOQ, GCG, and IL6 showed enrichments that recapitulate experimental observations. Further, similar analyses were applied to explore both local within-tissue signaling mechanisms (liver PCSK9) as well as genes encoding enzymes producing metabolites (adipose PNPLA2), where genetic inter-individual correlation structure aligned with known roles for these critical metabolic pathways. Examination of sex hormone receptor correlations in mice highlighted the difference in tissue-specific variation in relationships with metabolic traits. Finally, we utilized this resource to suggest new functions for metabolic coordination between organs. For example, we prioritized key proteins for putative signaling between skeletal muscle and hippocampus, and further suggest colon as a central coordinator for systemic circadian clocks. We refer to this resource as Genetically-Derived Correlations Across Tissues (GD-CAT) where all tools and data are built into a web portal enabling users to perform these analyses without a single line of code (gdcat.org). This resource enables the querying of any gene in any tissue to find genetic coregulation correlated patterns of genes, cell types, pathways, and network architectures across metabolic organs. Presentation: 6/1/2024

7226 Leveraging Inter-Individual Transcriptional Correlation Structure To Infer Discrete Signaling Mechanisms Across Metabolic Tissues

Abstract Disclosure: M. Zhou: None. I. Tamburini: None. C. Van: None. J. Molendijk: None. L.M. Velez: None. C. Nguyen: None. R. Yeo: None. C. Filho: None. A.L. Hevener: None. J. Justice: None. L.M. Sparks: None. E.E. Kershaw: None. D. Nicholas: None. M. Seldin: None. Inter-organ communication is a vital process to maintain physiologic homeostasis, and its dysregulation contributes to many human diseases. Given that circulating bioactive factors are stable in serum, occur naturally, and are easily assayed from blood, they present obvious focal molecules for therapeutic intervention and biomarker development. A major obstacle in the characterization of such soluble factors is that defining their tissues and pathways of action requires extensive experimental testing in cells and animal models. Recently, studies have shown that secreted proteins mediating inter-tissue signaling could be identified by “brute-force” surveys of all genes within RNA-sequencing measures across tissues within a population. Expanding on this intuition, we reasoned those parallel strategies could be leveraged to understand how individual genes mediate signaling across metabolic tissues through correlative analyses of genetic gene variation between individuals. Thus, genetics comparison of quantitative levels of gene expression relationships between organs in a population could aid in understanding cross-organ signaling by adopting a gene-centric approach. Here, we surveyed gene-gene genetic correlation structure for ∼6.1x10^12 gene pairs across 18 metabolic tissues in 310 human individuals and 7 tissues in 103 diverse strains of mice fed a normal chow or HFHS diet. where the variation of genes such as FGF21, ADIPOQ, GCG, and IL6 showed enrichments that recapitulate experimental observations. Further, similar analyses were applied to explore both local within-tissue signaling mechanisms (liver PCSK9) as well as genes encoding enzymes producing metabolites (adipose PNPLA2), where genetic inter-individual correlation structure aligned with known roles for these critical metabolic pathways. Examination of sex hormone receptor correlations in mice highlighted the difference in tissue-specific variation in relationships with metabolic traits. Finally, we utilized this resource to suggest new functions for metabolic coordination between organs. For example, we prioritized key proteins for putative signaling between skeletal muscle and hippocampus, and further suggest colon as a central coordinator for systemic circadian clocks. We refer to this resource as Genetically-Derived Correlations Across Tissues (GD-CAT) where all tools and data are built into a web portal enabling users to perform these analyses without a single line of code (gdcat.org). This resource enables the querying of any gene in any tissue to find genetic coregulation correlated patterns of genes, cell types, pathways, and network architectures across metabolic organs. Presentation: 6/1/2024

Experimental Model of Cerebral Arterial Air Embolism in Conscious Rats.

In this work, an optimal air supply mode was selected to create a model of cerebral arterial air embolism (CAAE) on conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=49). The efficacy of the selected model (administration of 100 μl/kg of air at a rate of 10 μl/min with an infusion pump) was determined by changes in serum biochemical parameters (cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphates, AST, and triglycerides), impaired motor functions in the Rotarod test, and visual assessment of the ischemic foci (staining of frontal sections with 1% triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution) at different terms after AAE. The model of AAE created by us confirmed impairment of coordination and motor function in conscious animals and reproduced the lethal consequences of this condition. The obtained results can serve as the basis for drug testing and the development of new approaches to the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Influence of medial longitudinal arch flexibility on lower limb joint coupling coordination and gait impulse

BackgroundA causal link exists between structural differences in the foot and alterations in the lower limb biomechanics, which might predispose an individual to develop characteristic musculoskeletal disorders. Research questionThis study aimed to determine how the foot structural characteristics, as represented by the medial longitudinal arch flexibility, affect lower limb joint coupling coordination and anterior-posterior ground reaction impulses (GRIs) during walking and running. MethodsFollowing the calculation of arch height flexibility, a total of fifty-four physically active males were grouped and completed gait experiments to collect kinematic and kinetic data synchronously. Inter-joint coordination and variability were calculated from the angle-angle plots of knee-hip, ankle-knee, and metatarsophalangeal (MTP)-ankle couplings based on an optimized vector coding technique. ResultsOur results indicate that coupling coordination of interest and its variability, as well as anterior-posterior GRIs, could potentially be influenced due to differences in arch height flexibility. Notably, the individuals with stiff arches exhibited significantly greater coordination variabilities during the early stance for both ankle-knee and MTP-ankle coordination yet significantly smaller for MTP-ankle coordination variabilities during the mid-stance phase. Furthermore, combining the statistical parametric mapping analysis results, the flexible arches experienced a greater proportion of GRIs in the anterior-posterior direction. SignificanceIn conclusion, these observations demonstrated that variations in arch flexibility led to differences in lower limb joint coordination variabilities and GRIs during gait. This fresh insight into inter-joint coordinative function may be useful for enhancing foot motion strategies based on arch structural characteristics.

The Relationship Between Family Income And Motor Coordination Function In Children With Autism And Typically Developing Peers

The Relationship Between Family Income And Motor Coordination Function In Children With Autism And Typically Developing Peers

Lamotrigine for cognitive deficits associated with neurofibromatosis type 1: A phase II randomized placebo-controlled trial.

To find proof-of-principle evidence for short-term treatment with lamotrigine to improve cognitive functioning of adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). This was a double-blind, parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (the NF1-EXCEL trial: Examining the Cognitive and Electrophysiological benefit of Lamotrigine in Neurofibromatosis type 1; Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02256124), with the aim of enrolling 60 adolescents with NF1 aged 12 to 17 years 6 months. The short-term study intervention was 200 mg of lamotrigine taken orally for 26 weeks. The primary outcome was performance IQ tested with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third Edition, complemented with secondary outcomes for visuospatial learning efficacy, visual perception, visual sustained attention, fine motor coordination, attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems, and executive functioning. We screened 402 adolescents with NF1, of whom 31 (eight females) entered the study. Complete-case analysis showed no effect of lamotrigine on either performance IQ (-0.23, 95% CI -6.90 to 6.44) or most secondary outcomes. Visual sustained attention showed a trend towards better performance in the lamotrigine group (-0.81, 95% CI -1.67 to 0.04). Lamotrigine did not improve cognitive functioning in adolescents with NF1. The small treatment effects make it unlikely that a larger sample size could have changed this conclusion.

Konsep Administrasi Pendidikan

This paper explains the concept of educational administration which is a support for achieving educational goals effectively and efficiently. Administration in education that is orderly and organized is needed to improve the ability to manage education for principals and teachers. The purpose of this paper is to explain the meaning, urgency, purpose, function, process and scope of educational administration. The research method used in this research uses the library research method, namely research based on processed manuscripts (manuscript studies), facts and primary and secondary data (supporting data) related to the focus of the research. The results of this study indicate that educational administration is essentially a tool to achieve optimal educational goals. Because the school is a sub-system of the national education system. The educational administration process includes the functions of organizational planning, coordination, communication, supervision, financing supervision, and evaluation. All these functions are very closely related to each other.

Bale Mediation as an Alternative Institution For Resolution of Communal Intellectual Property Rights Disputes Among Indigenous Communities in West Nusa Tenggara

The settlement of communal intellectual property rights disputes is not only through litigation, but is also possible through mediation. The purpose of this study is to determine the position of the mediation hall as an alternative institution in resolving communal intellectual property disputes and in the judicial system in Indonesia and how the legal force of the Bale Mediation decision is in resolving Communal Intellectual Property disputes. This research method uses normative legal research, namely legal research conducted by examining library materials or secondary data. Based on the results of the study, Bale Mediation is an institution that carries out the functions of mediation, coaching and coordination in the implementation of mediation in the community in accordance with local wisdom in the context of legal reform in the field of resolving Communal Intellectual Property Rights disputes. Bale Mediation is not part of the state judiciary but rather an institution that resolves disputes outside the courts. Legal settlement of Communal Property disputes through Bale Mediation is a non-structural institution and is responsible to the Governor. The decision or result of the dispute resolution at the Mediation Center in the form of an agreement that does not yet have permanent legal force but is only an ordinary contract for the parties, only obtains the status of a peace deed after the parties, with or without the assistance of a mediator, file a peace lawsuit through the Commercial Court/District Court.

Enhanced electro-optical properties of polymer dispersed liquid crystals doped with functional nanofibers for applications of efficient smart windows and advanced anti-counterfeiting

The development of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) capable of infrared smart tuning and displaying distinct information under ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light presents significant challenges. These challenges include the tuning of electro-optical properties and IR reflectivity, the preparation of complex patterns, and the display of different display states under various stimuli. In this work, nanofibers doped with alumina-zinc oxide nanoparticles (AZO NPs) and loaded with cesium tungstate nanoparticles (Cs0.33WO3 NPs) into PDLC not only enhanced their electro-optical properties but also added infrared shielding. Temperature regulation tests demonstrate that PDLC films can intelligently modulate infrared light reflection, offering superior shading and temperature regulation capabilities. PDLC smart windows integrated with nanofibers achieve a temperature coordination function, maintaining a temperature differential of 12.1 °C compared to standard PDLC. This significant enhancement underscores their potential for applications in thermally regulated smart windows. In addition, a full-wavelength anti-counterfeiting mode for PDLC was developed using a screen-printing strategy to display different information under various wavelengths of light. Noteworthily, the anti-counterfeiting system exhibits a bright fluorescent pattern under UV light, a scattering pattern under visible light, and an infrared-modulated pattern when viewed with an infrared detector. Furthermore, an advanced dynamic anti-counterfeiting mode with time response was created using nanofibers loaded with different concentrations of Cs0.33WO3 NPs. This advanced anti-counterfeiting material can be used as multimodal and dynamic anti-counterfeiting label, which greatly facilitates the development of novel anti-counterfeiting and optical sensing materials.

Nonoxidovanadium(IV) Complex-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-cyano-4H-pyrans/4H-chromenes, Biscoumarins, and Xanthenes under Green Conditions.

Reaction of [VIVO(acac)2] (Hacac = acetylacetone) with a Mannich base, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyl benzyl)-1,2-diaminoethane (H4L, I) in a 1:1 molar ratio in MeOH, leads to the formation of the nonoxidovanadium(IV) complex [VIVL] (1). Air stable complex 1 has been characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, DFT calculations, and single-crystal X-ray studies. 1 adopts distorted octahedral geometry where ligand coordinates through all coordination functionalities available. This complex has been used as a catalyst in the one-pot, three-component synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-pyrans using 1,3-dicarbonyls (1,3-cyclohexanedione, dimedone, barbituric acid, and 4-hydroxycoumarin), malononitrile, and various substituted aromatic aldehydes in equimolar amounts employing ethanol as a green solvent. The catalytic reaction revealed that the multicomponent synthesis of 4H-pyrans and chromenes is greatly influenced by both types of 1,3-dicarbonyl compound employed and the nature of the substituent on the aromatic ring of the aldehyde. Synthesized catalyst has also been used in the synthesis of pharmacologically relevant oxygen-containing heterocycles, specifically, 1,8-dioxo-octahydro-1H-xanthenes and biscoumarins. The possible mechanism for the synthesized one-pot, multicomponent product has been proposed by isolating intermediate(s) generated during synthesis.

Saroglitazar, a PPAR α/γ agonist alleviates 3-Nitropropionic acid induced neurotoxicity in rats: Unveiling the underlying mechanisms

Saroglitazar (SGZ), a peroxisomal proliferated activated receptor α/γ agonist showed neuroprotective effects in various neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. However, no studies were performed on Huntington’s, so the goal of the current study is to examine the effect of SGZ on Huntington’s disease like symptoms induced by 3-Nitropropionic acid. In this protocol, twenty-four rats were divided into four groups, each group consisting of 6 animals. Group 1: The control group received 1 % CMC 10 mg/kg, p.o. for 14 days. Groups 2, 3, and 4 received 3-NP 15 mg/kg, i.p. from Day 1 to Day 7. Groups 3 and 4 received SGZ 5 mg/kg, p.o. and 10 mg/kg, p.o. respectively once daily from day 1 to day 14. Various behavioral tests like OFT, rotarod, hanging wire, narrow beam walk, MWM, and Y-maze were performed. On day-15, the animals were euthanised by cervical dislocation and brain sample were isolated for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Administration of 3-NP showed a significant decrease in motor coordination and cognitive function. Furthermore, 3-NP altered the activity of acetylcholinesterase, anti-oxidant enzymes, Nrf-2, NF-κB, BDNF, CREB levels, and histological features. However, treatment with SGZ showed ameliorative effects in the 3-NP induced neurotoxicity via PPAR α/γ pathway by reducing motor dysfunction, memory impairment, cholinesterase levels, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation. It also enhanced the levels of Nrf-2, BDNF, and CREB expression and improved histological features. In conclusion, treatment with Saroglitazar attenuated Huntington’s disease-like symptoms in rats which are induced by 3-NP via activation of PPAR α/γ pathway.

Impairment of Multi-Finger Force Control in Adult Patients with Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the impact of cerebral palsy (CP) on motor control strategies, with a focus on understanding the altered capability of multi-finger force control in adult patients with dyskinetic CP.METHODS: Eight adults with dyskinetic CP and ten age- and sex-matched healthy controls participated in this study. The participants performed three force production tasks using four fingers of the dominant hand under isometric conditions: maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) to assess maximum force production, a ramp task to evaluate finger interdependency (enslaving), and a pulse task to examine the ability to rapidly and precisely adjust force. The co-contraction index (CCI) of finger flexor and extensor was also determined during steady state and pulse force production.RESULTS: Patients with dyskinetic CP demonstrated significant impairments in finger force control compared to healthy controls. Specifically, the accuracy and consistency of force production were reduced in the CP group, and they exhibited a longer time to peak pulse force. The CP group also showed increased finger interdependency and elevated CCI during pulse force production, suggesting a greater reliance on co-contraction and less efficient motor control strategies.CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the distinct motor control deficits in individuals with dyskinetic CP, particularly in tasks requiring rapid and precise finger force adjustment. These results have important implications for the functional rehabilitation of patients with CP. Therapies aimed at reducing excessive co-contraction and decreasing finger interdependency may be beneficial for improving muscle coordination and overall motor function.

Цифровий менеджмент як сучасний тренд розвитку підприємства

The article highlights digital management as a modern trend in enterprise development. The study’s authors noted that digital management is based on aspects of society’s modern technical and economic development and modern creative approaches to managing enterprise business processes. The main directions of the development of digital management are outlined. To study the possibility of improving the digital management system at the enterprise, it is recommended that an assessment be carried out using the point method. Attention is focused on the fact that the assessment of digital management should be carried out in the context of management functions: planning, organization, coordination, motivation, and control. The analysis showed that the functions of planning, organization, and coordination of the accounting system of the studied enterprise function better than motivation and control. It is established that digital management is formed based on a knowledge society, information use of components used in the so-called “smart society”. In turn, enterprises’ information and digital development is based on information resources. The importance of information and digital management lies in its emphasis on digitalization, which is determined by specialists’ competence, qualifications, and ability to solve complex computerization problems. It is determined that the main problem of digital management is that it needs to be sufficiently automated and developed to function independently without the participation of managers. In addition, any changes in digitalization algorithms require the involvement of many specialists, making the automation process even more complex than business processes without its participation. A sufficient level of qualification and enough specialists who can solve these problems promptly do not allow you to create perfect software shells for business management. The publication identifies the tasks that need to be solved to create a unified system for automating business processes and the parameters that allow compiling algorithms for the digitalization of business management. Keywords: digital management, digitalization, information resources, information systems, effect.

ML218 modulates calcium binding protein, oxidative stress, and inflammation during ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in mice

Cerebral ischemia disrupts calcium homeostasis in the brain causing excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal cell apoptosis. During ischemic conditions, T-type calcium channel channels contribute to increase in intracellular calcium ions in both neurons and glial cells therefore, the current study hypothesizes the antagonism of these channels using ML218, a novel specific T-Type inhibitor in experimental model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) brain injury. CI/R injury was induced in Swiss Albino mice by occlusion of common carotid arteries followed by reperfusion. Animals were assessed for learning and memory (MWM), motor coordination (Rota rod), neurological function (neurological deficit score), cerebral infarction, edema, and histopathological alterations. Biochemical assessments were made for calcium binding proteins (Calmodulin- CaM, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-CaMKII, S100B), oxidative stress (4-hydroxy 2-nonenal-4-HNE, glutathione-GSH, inflammation (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-p65-NF-kB, tumor necrosis factor-TNF-α, interleukin-IL-10) inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in brain supernatants. Furthermore, serum levels of NF-kB, iNOS, and S100B were also assessed. CI/R animals showed impairment in learning, memory, motor coordination, and neurological function along with increase in cerebral infarction, edema, and histopathological alterations. Furthermore, increase in brain calcium binding proteins, oxidative stress, inflammation, and AChE activity along with serum NF-kB, iNOS, and S100B levels were recorded in CI/R animals. Administration of ML218 (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg; i.p.) was observed to recuperate CI/R induced impairments in behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological analysis. Hence, it may be concluded that ML218 mediates neuroprotection during CI/R via decreasing brain and serum calcium binding proteins, inflammation, iNOS, and oxidative stress markers.

Progesterone improves motor coordination impairments caused by postnatal hypoxic-ischemic brain insult in neonatal male rats

BackgroundHypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult in infants induces brain injury and results in motor coordination impairments associated with cerebral palsy; however, preventive measures for HI brain injury in preterm infants remain unclear. We investigated the impact of progesterone (P4) in a rat HI insult model that mimics HI brain injury in preterm infants. MethodsNeonatal male rats with their right common carotid artery coagulated were exposed to a 1-h hypoxia (6% oxygen) on postnatal day (PND) 3. P4 (0.2 mg) was subcutaneously administered daily from PND4–12. Motor coordination function and muscular strength were evaluated on PND50 using rotarod and grip strength tests, respectively. Brain histology was evaluated via immunohistochemistry using anti-NeuN, anti-Olig2, and anti-IbaI antibodies on PND15 and PND50. ResultsIn male rats, P4 significantly improved the latency-to-fall off on the rotarod test in the insult rats to the levels of the sham-operation rats. Neither the insult nor P4 administration impacted the grip strength results. No significant differences were observed in the number of neurons, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), and microglia in the motor and somatosensory area of the cortex between the insult and insult followed by P4-administered rats on PND50. The number of OPCs in the corpus callosum was significantly increased in the ipsilateral side compared with the contralateral side of the insult in the P4-administered rats, indicating that P4 facilitates recruitment of OPCs to the corpus callosum. HI insult accelerated neuronal differentiation in rats on PND15, which was abrogated in the P4-administerd group, suggesting that P4 suppresses transient neuronal differentiation caused by the insult. ConclusionP4 administration restored motor coordination impairments caused by postnatal HI insult in male rats. The insult timing corresponds to that of human preterm infants, indicating P4’s potential for protecting HI brain injury in preterm male infants.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ И ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНОГО ДИАГНОЗА ЭТАНОЛОВОЙ АТАКСИИ

The abuse of alcoholic beverages and the consequences of its impact on the internal organs and nervous system, remains an urgent medical and social problem for our country for a long time. Alcoholism has an extremely negative effect on the functioning of the cerebellar system, causing dynamic and static-locomotor ataxia and damage to the peripheral nervous system, which aggravates the impaired function of walking and coordination. Due to the concomitant emotional and cognitive disorders, age-related features in individuals suffering from alcoholism, the diagnosis of clinical manifestations of ataxia and comorbid cerebral, visceral pathology has a number of features that need to be considered for the diagnosis and treatment of the patient.

New Results on Simpson-Type Inequalities for Co-ordinated Convex Function by Generalized Conformable Integrals

In this paper, firstly, we prove an identity involving generalized conformable integrals. By using this obtained identity, we establish several Simpson-type inequalities for differentiable co-ordinated convex function by means of generalized conformable fractional integrals. More precisely, some Simpson-type inequalities are obtained using the well-known Hölder and Power mean inequalities. Furthermore, we also consider some special cases which can be deduced from the main results.