Coordination Of Components Research Articles

Building block design of thermally regenerable metal–organic framework composites for highly selective lithium adsorption

Crown ether-based organic lithium adsorbent has good stability for diverse lithium extraction scenarios, but hindering by its relatively low selectivity. Here, we report a building block design strategy for fabricating highly selective and thermally regenerable 12-crown-4 (12CE4) based lithium adsorbent. The synergistic coordination and ion-sieving blocks can sufficiently improve the ion selectivity and adsorption capacity of pNCE@MOF fabricated by copolymerizing thermosensitive segment and 12CE4 inside MOF. With the aid of synergistic coordination component of sulfonate group (SS), its Li+/Mg2+ selectivity increased from 12.9 to 21.8 (pNCE-SS@UiO-66) tested in 10,000 ppm salt solutions. Moreover, the 6.0 Å window of UiO-66 could successfully sieve hydrated Li+ (7.64 Å) and Mg2+ (8.56 Å), enhancing the selectivity 3.3 times from 5.1 for pNCE-SS@MOF-808 (10.0 Å) to 21.8. The adsorption capacity of pNCE-SS@UiO-66 was also optimized from 1.00 to 1.47 mmol·g−1. Furthermore, this material demonstrated a lithium selectivity of 11.5–19.8 in synthetic brines with a Mg/Li ratio of 1 to 0.1. Importantly, it could be fully regenerated in warm water at ≥ 40 °C. This work opens the door to constructing highly ion-selective functional materials via a modular method.

System and Method for Reducing NLOS Errors in UWB Indoor Positioning

The ultra-wideband (UWB) technology has been increasingly recognized as an efficacious strategy for Indoor Positioning Systems (IPSs). However, the accuracy of the UWB system can be severely degraded by non-line-of-sight (NLOS) errors. In this study, we proposed a new method to reduce the UWB positioning error in such an indoor environment. We developed a system consisting of a Robotic Total Station (RTS), four UWB base stations, a moving target (including a prism and a UWB tag), and a PC. The observed coordinates of the moving target, captured using millimeter precision from an RTS device, served as the ground truth for calculating the positioning errors of the UWB tag. In a significant NLOS scenario, the UWB’s three-dimensional positioning error was identified to exceed the nominal value declared by the manufacturer by a factor of more than three. A detailed analysis revealed that each coordinate component’s error distribution pattern demonstrated considerable variance. To reduce the NLOS error, we designed a combined multilayer neural network that simultaneously fits errors on all three coordinate components and three separate multilayer networks, each dedicated to optimizing errors on a single coordinate component. All networks were trained and verified by benchmark errors obtained from the RTS. The results showed that neural networks outperform the traditional methods, attributed to their strong nonlinear modelling ability, thereby significantly improving the external accuracy by an average reduction in RMSE by 61% and 72%. It is evident that the proposed separate networks would be more suitable for NLOS positioning problems than a combined network.

MONETARY AND FISCAL COORDINATION IN UKRAINE AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARITAL STATE

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy instruments, to determine the level of influence of monetary and fiscal factors on economic growth, as well as to justify ways for improving the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy coordination. Insufficient coordination of monetary and fiscal policies entails devastating economic consequences. The critical analysis of scientific publications proved that today the coordination of monetary and fiscal policies depends on the degree of balanced regulation of interest rates and inflation control. The research uses a NARDL model to capture mainstream trends in the influence of monetary and fiscal factors, as well as in the empirical study of their coordination. According to the estimations it was established that the weighted average rate of NBU instruments is absorbed to a greater extent in the monetary component of coordination, the system of managing the internal public debt – in the fiscal component. The participation of monetary authorities in the management of the national internal debt remains a debatable issue today. It is proved that the process of coordination of monetary and fiscal policies is influenced by the state of Ukraine’s economy during the war.Despite the difficult political and economic situation in Ukraine, it is necessary to focus on improving the coordination of monetary and fiscal policies. In particular, the significant contribution of the NBU in financing the state budget deficit due to their purchase of government bonds needs to be resolved. Strengthening the role of macroprudential policy in the coordination of monetary and fiscal policies, one of the goals of which is to counter the emergence of a systemic crisis; formation of a clearly developed coordination strategy, which would be based on clearly defined goals, set tasks on the basis of selected methods and instruments for their achievement.

Собственные колебания упругой прямоугольной CFCF-пластинки при одноосном растяжении-сжатии ее плоскости

The influence of a uniaxial distributed load in the plane of a thin rectangular plate on the value of the first natural frequency of its oscillations has been studied. We considered a plate, two opposite faces of which are clamped, and the other two are free (CFCF-plate, C-clamped edge, F-free edge). The load is applied to the clamped edges. The main differential equation for the coordinate component of the deflection function and all the boundary conditions of the problem are fulfilled exactly using two hyperbolic-trigonometric series in two coordinates and an additional function depending on one variable x. The problem was reduced to an infinite system of linear algebraic equations with respect to one sequence of uncertain coefficients, containing as parameters the magnitude of the load and the frequency of oscillations. For a number of load values, the natural frequencies of oscillations were found by enumerating frequency values in combination with the method of successive approximations when solving a reduced system of linear algebraic equations. To ensure acceptable accuracy of calculations, the number of terms in the series (the size of the reduced system), the number of iterations and the number of significant digits in the mantissa when calculating non-trivial coefficients of the system were changed. A square plate was considered as an example. Based on the calculation results, a graph was constructed of the dependence of the first natural frequency of oscillations on the magnitude of tension-compression forces, which is a curve close to a parabola. Under Eulerian compressive load, the oscillations stop. The shapes of natural vibrations changed slightly and were similar to the shape of the curved surface of a plate under the action of a uniform transverse load. The purpose of this study is to create an effective algorithm for calculating the natural frequencies of oscillations of a CFCF-plate when the uniaxial tensile-compression load of its clamped faces changes.

Models of Cutting Forces in the Matrix Theory of Multitool Machining Accuracy

Two generalized cutting schemes predetermining the machining error formation mechanism are distinguished: contour machining, when the profile of the machined surface is formed by the corresponding tool path - contour machining; profile machining, when the profile of the machined surface is formed by the corresponding tool profile - shaped tool machining. For the trajectory scheme, the known force relations are generalized to a spatial curvilinear trajectory. Generalized dependencies for the cutting force components of form, slotted, cut-off and groove cutters are derived for the profile scheme. The evaluation of the adequacy of the proposed model for cutting force components is carried out on the basis of a specially conducted experimental research of the profile turning process with direct measurement of forces at different levels of varying technological factors. Thus, the developed dependences of the coordinate components of cutting forces on technological factors (parameters of cutting conditions, strength properties of the processed material, deformation properties of the technological system, etc.) allow using them for the practical application of machining error models in the matrix theory of multitool machining accuracy.

How external and agency characteristics are related to coordination in homecare – findings of the national multicenter, cross-sectional SPOTnat study

BackgroundHomecare client services are often distributed across several interdependent healthcare providers, making proper care coordination essential. However, as studies exploring care coordination in the homecare setting are scarce, serious knowledge gaps exist regarding how various factors influence coordination in this care sector. To fill such gaps, this study’s central aim was to explore how external factors (i.e., financial and regulatory mechanisms) and homecare agency characteristics (i.e., work environment, workforce, and client characteristics) are related to care coordination in homecare.MethodsThis analysis was part of a national multicentre, cross-sectional study in the Swiss homecare setting that included a stratified random sample of 88 Swiss homecare agencies. Data were collected between January and September 2021 through agency and employee questionnaires. Using our newly developed care coordination framework, COORA, we modelled our variables to assess the relevant components of care coordination on the structural, process, and outcome levels. We conducted both descriptive and multilevel regression analyses—with the latter adjusting for dependencies within agencies—to explore which key factors are associated with coordination.ResultsThe final sample size consisted of 1450 employees of 71 homecare agencies. We found that one explicit coordination mechanism (“communication and information exchange” (beta = 0.10, p <.001)) and four implicit coordination mechanisms—“knowledge of the health system” (beta = -0.07, p <.01), “role clarity” (beta = 0.07, p <.001), “mutual respect and trust” (beta = 0.07, p <.001), and “accountability, predictability, common perspective” (beta = 0.19, p <.001)—were significantly positively associated with employee-perceived coordination. We also found that the effects of agency characteristics and external factors were mediated through coordination processes.ConclusionImplicit coordination mechanisms, which enable and enhance team communication, require closer examination. While developing strategies to strengthen implicit mechanisms, the involvement of the entire care team is vital to create structures (i.e., explicit mechanisms) that enable communication and information exchange. Appropriate coordination processes seem to mitigate the association between staffing and coordination. This suggests that they support coordination even when workload and overtime are higher.

Performance Evaluation in Macroeconomics based on DEA Malmquist Index with a New Approach for the Efficiency Evaluation in a Two-Stage Process

The goal of this work is to know and evaluate the macroeconomic development progress dynamics based on the Malmquist index by also giving a new and as explicit as possible approach to the evaluative reasoning of the DMUs’ overall performance. The calculation of the DEA (Data envelopment analysis) Malmquist index and of its composing components in coordination with the DMUs’ ranking positions opens up perspectives for a broad comprehensive and evaluative study. Rankings and the Malmquist index are, each in its-self, a performance test. To coordinate these two tests in as organic as possible way, two factors, the so called Z1 and Z2 “statistical” indicators are used in this work. They are expressed as functions (given by the formula, by further calculating the geometric mean of their values) in the evaluation of the overall performance. In this work, the effects of each variable factor are analyzed. A new approach, studied as a two-stage process, is given here. The inserted intermediate variable factors are not simply dealt with as “exogenous” variables fixed in the approach of the two-stage process, but they are considered as included in the total system of the studied variables set (input-output). To interpret the advantages and disadvantages that support the macroeconomic development dynamics, along with the indication of the best practices, the factors that affect the inefficient DMUs are studied. The study covers the 2015-2020 period of time and includes 19 European region countries.

Isochronous rhythms: Facilitating song coordination across taxa?

The biological expression of isochronous rhythms- rhythms like those produced by a metronome- was once thought to be unique to humans. A new study reports that faster and more isochronous rhythms lead to more successful duets in singing gibbons: isochronous rhythms might be an important component of song coordination across taxa.

Digitally-mediated coordination in healthcare: the effects of teleconsultation on doctor-to-doctor relational coordination

BackgroundDigitalization transforms the way in which interdependent work is coordinated, especially in healthcare settings. This work deepens the effect of teleconsultation use on health professionals’ coordination. For this aim, we rely on Relational Coordination Theory (RCT), which explores coordination as an interactive process among group participants within the context of task interdependency.MethodsWe collected data through an online survey administered to Italian specialist doctors between March and April 2023. 489 complete answers were gathered. Hypotheses have been tested through Structural Equation Modelling.ResultsWe found that teleconsultation frequency of use has a positive and significant effect on both components of relational coordination, confirming our hypotheses.ConclusionsTheoretically, this research contributes to our understanding of the effect of digitally mediated coordination mechanisms on relational coordination. In practice, we shed light on the organizational implications of telemedicine under a novel perspective, focusing on the role of professional interactions in digitally mediated work and providing useful elements for the organizational design of telemedicine.

Analisis Pengaruh Pemberian Latihan Two Step Ladder Drill Terhadap Agility Dan Speed

In futsal, players are required to always move quickly and control the ball in order to increase their chances of scoring goals in the opponent's goal. This requires good physical condition, especially in the components of endurance, strength, speed, agility, flexibility and coordination. However, according to the results of observations and observations of athletes in the 12 year old birth category at the Gresik Futsal School, they showed weaknesses in their physical condition, especially in agility and speed. So this research aims to analyze the effect of providing two step ladder drill training on agility and speed in 12 year old athletes at the Gresik Futsal School. This research is a quantitative research with an experimental approach involving 14 samples. Data collection was carried out using the pretest and posttest method, then a statistical test was carried out in the form of a paired T test. Through this statistical test, for both agility and speed, a p-value of 0.000 was obtained. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of providing two step ladder drill training on increasing agility and speed in Gresik Futsal School athletes born aged 12 years.

Physical Fitness Tests in the Army-Legitimate Diversity or Randomness?

In this article, I present my views on the diversified approaches to assess the physical fitness of soldiers within selected armies worldwide. I discussed the related common features and paradoxes associated with these approaches. For the comparative analysis, national diversity was taken into account and subjective selection of the physical fitness tests conducted in the armies of the United States, Finland, Germany, India, China, Israel, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and Poland was done. An analysis of the physical fitness tests reveals significant variations, despite the purpose of the assessment being the same, that is, to evaluate a soldier's physical preparedness for combat tasks. Based on the analysis, I categorize the variation in physical fitness tests of soldiers at four levels: (1) single-system function tests (e.g., push-ups, sit-ups) vs. multi-system tests (obstacle courses), (2) considering health aspects vs. not considering health aspects during physical fitness tests, (3) motor components vs. coordination components (e.g.,balance), and (4) tests differentiated by gender and age vs.tests not differentiated by gender and age. In conclusion, I am in favor of multi-system tests, comprised of obstacle courses mirroring potential situations in combat tasks. In my opinion, multi-system tests are superior compared to single-system function tests since they enable a comprehensive assessment of effort, coordination, and mental predispositions necessary for functioning in real-life conditions. I also support physical fitness evaluation that is not differentiated based on a soldier's gender and age, as there is no logical justification for such distinctions.

An Analysis of Protection and Renewal Strategies for Ancient Villages in Dongguan: The Case of Tangwei Ancient Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China

Traditional villages carry important memories of the development of China’s farming civilization and are an important part of our cultural heritage. Traditional villages have a profound historical and cultural heritage, and they are both an important carrier of regional culture and a necessary component of regional coordination. Research on the protection and renewal strategy of traditional villages is not only a key area of China’s cultural heritage research, but also an important part of exploring the organic integration of cultural heritage protection and urban-rural development. Under the policy background of centralized and contiguous protection of traditional villages, in view of the realistic environment of revitalization of traditional ancient villages, based on the theory of regeneration and development, the study explores the logical relationship between the protection and development of Dongguan’s traditional villages, puts forward the strategy of protection and regeneration of the ancient villages, and discusses the experience and problems of the practice of the protection and development of the villages, taking the Tangwei Ancient Town of Dongguan City, Guangdong Province as an example. This study has important theoretical and practical significance for the protection and development of Dongguan’s traditional ancient villages, and can provide reference for relevant decision-making and planning.

Antimicrobial Resistance Challenge to Sustainable Development Goals and Targets: A One-Health Perspective

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest challenges to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). Antimicrobial resistance is primarily associated with misuse, abuse, or overuse of antimicrobials, resulting in no effect of antibiotics on microorganisms in humans, animals, and the environment in the domain of One Health. AMR directly affects Sustainable Development (SDG) Goals 1,3, and 4 related to wellbeing considered the inner component, SDG Goals 2, 6, 8, 9, and 12 the infrastructural middle component, and SDG Goal 17 the related component of cooperation and coordination. AMR indirectly affects SDG Goals 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, and 16. This interpretation is based on the dynamic interaction of various components that leads to direct or indirect tradeoff in achieving SDG goals based on the One-Health approach. Thus, understanding this dynamic interaction among various components of One Health is important to underscore the importance of AMR challenging Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Antimicrobial resistance extends beyond misuse, abuse, or overuse in healthcare settings, encompassing inadequate access to clean water, substandard practices in human and animal sanitation and hygiene, limited availability of early diagnostic tools, and insufficient legislation addressing the issue. Notably, a widespread lack of awareness and understanding regarding the issue poses a potential threat to SDGs. Hence, efforts must encompass strategic and synchronized actions across various tiers of the systems, coupled with evidence-based policy formulation, to yield sustainable outcomes on a global scale with the transdisciplinary approach of One Heath.

The role of therapist-patient relationships in facilitating engagement and adherence in upper extremity rehabilitation.

Active patient engagement and adherence are essential for successful rehabilitation outcomes, particularly in complex cases such as work-related musculoskeletal injuries. Although the therapist-patient relationship is a significant component of successful care coordination, there has been limited examination of this relationship within upper extremity musculoskeletal rehabilitation. To explore therapists' perspectives on how the therapist-patient relationship intersects with engagement and adherence in the provision of holistic and collaborative rehabilitation services. Data were collected from four therapists over three months. Descriptive statistics were generated from the Sport Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (SIRAS) and the Rehabilitation Therapy Engagement Scale (RTES) completed by therapists following visits from a sub-sample of patients (n = 14). Weekly semi-structured group interviews (n = 13) were analyzed using an iterative grounded theory-informed process. Emerging themes were identified, refined, and situated within the context of quantitative results. SIRAS scores averaged 14.4 (SD: 1.0) and RTES scores averaged 42.5 (SD: 3.5), indicating high perceived patient engagement and adherence. Four themes emerged from therapist interviews: (1) dynamic power; (2) co-constructed engagement; (3) emotional states; (4) complementary therapy contexts. In this engaged and adherent setting, therapist-patient relationships were complex and intimate, and extended beyond education and physical interventions. Careful management of this relationship was central to active patient participation and engagement. Incorporating holistic techniques may provide more structure for managing and communicating these aspects of care. These findings provide a preliminary understanding of the impact of therapeutic relationships on engagement and collaborative care.

All-dielectric six-foci metalens for infrared polarization detection based on Stokes space.

The detection technology of infrared polarization has gained significant attention due to its ability to provide better identification and obtain more information about the target. In this paper, based on the expression of the full polarization state in Stokes space, we designed micro-nano metasurface functional arrays to calculate the polarization state of the incident light by reading the Stokes parameters (a set of parameters that describe the polarization state). Metalens with linear and circular polarization-dependent functions are designed based on the propagation and geometric phases of the dielectric Si meta-atoms in the infrared band, respectively. The device exhibits a high polarization extinction ratio. The influence of incident angle on polarization-dependent metalens is discussed, and the analysis of incident angle is of great significance for the practical application. An infrared six-foci metalens is proposed, each corresponding to the Poincaré sphere's coordinate component (a graphical polarization state method). By matching the six polarization components of the incident light and the Stokes parameters, the polarization detection function can be realized by calculating the polarization state of the incident light. There is a slight error between the theoretical value and the calculated value of the unit coordinate component of the Stokes parameters. At the same time, the intensity distribution of different incident light polarization azimuth angles and ellipticity angles on the focal plane agrees with the theory. The advantage of the device is that the polarization state of the incident light can be directly calculated without passing through other components. The six-foci metalens have potential applications in polarization detection and imaging, space remote sensing, etc.

Stochastic modeling of the receiver clock parameter in Galileo-only and multi-GNSS PPP solutions

In Precise Point Positioning (PPP), the receiver clock parameter is typically estimated independently in each observation epoch, which increases the noise of the estimated station coordinates and troposphere parameters due to correlations. Applying stochastic modeling to the receiver clock parameter stabilizes PPP solutions and reduces clock noise for the time transfer. However, the receiver clock modeling is possible only for the GNSS receivers connected to the utmost stable atomic clocks. We propose receiver clock modeling that involves the Markov stochastic process in the form of a random walk. We test different levels of random walk constraints for GNSS stations equipped with different types of clocks for Galileo-only and multi-GNSS solutions in kinematic and static PPP. In multi-GNSS solutions, the common clock parameter is derived with inter-system biases (ISBs). This raises the question of the constraints that should be imposed on the common clock only or also on the ISBs. We found that similar results can be achieved by imposing constraints on the common clock parameter and estimating ISB as a constant parameter and when constraining the common clock parameter and ISBs with a ratio of 1:100. Other ratios of clock-to-ISB constraints, such as 1:1 and 1:10, give inferior results. In the kinematic PPP, stochastic clock modeling has a marginal impact on the North and East coordinate components, whereas the Up component is substantially improved for GNSS receivers equipped with hydrogen masers. In the static PPP, the clock modeling improves the time transfer, due to the reduced noise of the clocks.

On the importance of accurate pole and station coordinates for VLBI Intensive baselines

Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) is a geodetic technique capable of deriving the complete set of Earth orientation parameters, including the highly variable Earth’s phase of rotation. This observable can be expressed through UT1–UTC, the difference between the Universal Time and the Coordinated Universal Time. The so-called Intensive sessions, or Intensives, are typically 1-h sessions between two to three stations that are observed daily with the primary goal of determining UT1–UTC with a short latency. In this publication, we examine the impact of erroneous a priori information on the UT1–UTC estimation with VLBI Intensive sessions in a systematic way and on a global scale. Our findings are based on a simulation study which is carried out on a regular 10 times 10 degree grid of artificial telescopes. In the simulations, realistic errors are introduced in the station coordinates, polar motion and nutation to get a global picture of the impact of these errors on the estimation of UT1–UTC. Our results reveal that in contrast to errors in the horizontal components of the station coordinates, an error in the station height only slightly affects the UT1–UTC estimate. North–south-oriented baselines are in general strongly affected by errors in the a priori information. In all cases, very short and very long baselines as well as baselines with a midpoint close to the equatorial plane are less robust. On the other hand, east–west-oriented baselines, except equatorial baselines, seem to be rather resistant against errors of these a priori values.

Stimulus control of a social operant.

Three pigeon dyads were exposed to a two-component multiple schedule comprised of two tandem variable-interval 30-s interresponse time (IRT) > 3-s schedules in the presence of different stimuli. Pecks to keys by both pigeons of a dyad occurring within 500 ms of one another were required for reinforcement under one tandem schedule (the coordination component), and such coordinated responses were not required under the other (the control component). The terminal link of each schedule ensured that the reinforced coordination response was an IRT > 3 s. Rates of coordinated IRTs > 3 s and total rates of coordinated responses (composed of IRTs > 3 s and IRTs ≤ 3 s) were higher in the coordination components than in either of two different control components in which coordination was not required for reinforcement. This difference in coordinated responses in the presence and absence of the coordination requirement under stimulus control transitorily deteriorated and then was reestablished when the relation between the stimulus and the coordination contingency or its absence was reversed. The results show coordinated responding to function as a discriminated social operant.

Perbandingan Ketelitian Koordinat 3-D Antara Hasil Pengolahan Data GNSS Menggunakan Perangkat Lunak Hi-Target Geomatics Office dengan Trimble Business Center

The Global Positioning System (GPS) data processing method is a key to obtaining the accuracy of the 3-D coordinates. Therefore, there is commercial software issued by tool vendors and can be accessed by users. Among the software are Hi-Target Geomatics Office (HGO) and Trimble Business Center (TBC). Both of these software can be used to process GPS data by post-processing and can be accessed by users. In this study, a comparison of the results of GPS data processing using the two software will be carried out by comparing the accuracy of each software for processing GPS data at baseline of 5 – 10 m and 5 – 20 km. The results of data processing that was carried out in this study found that GPS data processing using both software at a baseline of 5 – 10 m did not show significant differences with the two having a difference of 1 mm in each coordinate component. However, at 5 – 20 km baseline the results of GPS data processing using TBC are more accurate with a difference of -0.0050 m in Northing, -0.0800 m in Easting and -0.0550 m in Elevation compared to the actual coordinates. With these results, the TBC software is more recommended.

A Rare Case of Transverse Myelitis During Pregnancy, In A 23-Year-Old Female in A Resource-Limited Setup

Background: Transverse myelitis(TM) is a rare, acquiredneuro-immune spinal cord disorder that can present with the rapid onset of weakness, sensory alterations, and bowel or bladder dysfunction. Case presentation: We report a case of 23- a year- old woman, gravid two, para zero with one previous abortion, at a gestation age of 38 weeks and five days presented to the obstetric emergency of our hospital with complaints of neck pain for two days and weakness of upper limb and lower limb and inability to walk for one day with no history of trauma. She was delivered by emergency cesarean section due to fetal bradycardia (fetal heart tone ranging from 107 to 115 beats per minute) which was confirmed by a cardiotophographic machine. The caesarian section went well, where the alive baby girl with Apgar scores of six and ten in one and five minutes respectively, and her birth weight of 3.4 kilograms (kg) followed by postoperative order with the uncomplicated postpartum period. During treatment, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine was done and a diagnosis of TM was made. She was managed with parenteral steroids and physiotherapy. She was later discharged from our hospital in good health plus an uneventful postnatal follow-up. We present this case as a rare diagnosis to our facility with successful management during pregnancy and the possibility of recovery in a resource-limited setup. Conclusion: Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare phenomenon in pregnancy, therefore obstetric care is needed, and if untreated in this critical condition, it may lead to complications such as deep vein thrombosis, urinary tract infections, and preterm labor. This will require an additional component of coordination between women and their families.