Cooperative Production System Research Articles

Effects of flood‐induced financial stress on the viability of a cooperative production system and its farmers: A multilevel study

AbstractFloods can severely disrupt agricultural activities. When these activities are part of production chains, domino effects can occur. We use agent‐based modeling to simulate the production dynamics of a French cooperative winery as an example of a production chain, adopting a dual individual‐collective perspective. The cash‐flow analysis shows that there are nonexplicit mechanisms in the cooperative organization that allow the propagation of flood impacts throughout the chain and influence the winegrowers' ability to cope, thus threatening the continuity of the winegrowers' activity and the cooperative winery itself.

A study of degrowth paths based on the von Neumann equilibrium model

Abstract This paper revisits the von Neumann equilibrium model from a degrowth perspective. Degrowth can be either planned or autonomous based on voluntary simplicity (VS), characterized by voluntary constraints on the private consumptions. Any share of the working population is allowed to limit their private consumptions or ecological footprint. Degrowth means a lower economic growth rate as well as reductions in the usage of materials and fossil energy; however, when the economy cannot fit within the biophysical boundary despite such reductions, degrowth can also mean a deliberate transition towards lesser and cleaner production of a smaller number of goods. Taking ecological boundaries into consideration may thus switch the direction of an economy from growth to degrowth. Degrowth is consistent with economic equilibrium in the dynamic input-output model. Degrowth equilibrium results when a critical mass of the population prioritizes diminishing the ecological deficit over increasing the output levels. Green growth can take place during degrowth. While the economy gradually shrinks, the interest (profit) rate in macroeconomic equilibrium is negative due to the conservation target (excessive consumption has negative value to VS-type agents). Degrowing private consumptions implies less work, more leisure and better quality of the environment, improving social welfare. Degrowth can be advanced by adopting a more cooperative production system or by imposing high ecological taxes. The equilibrium model yields an argument for basic income as a means of supporting welfare during degrowth and of compensating for unpaid work. The open economy version of the model shows reduced scope for intra-industry trade between similar countries.

Preventing Faults in Machine Tools for Critical Cooperative and Distributed Industrial Productions

A critically important high-tech industrial enterprise forms part of a territorially distributed cooperative production system. Precise optimization of management decisions regarding fault prevention in its stock of machine tools is very important. Up-to-date tools for management decisions must be used for that purpose. Those tools must support the basic management functions and include software for high-level mathematical models of machine-tool operation (models of the state of the equipment and a model of its use in the course of production) and a model of the economic potential of the enterprises.

Smart factory in the context of 4th industrial revolution: challenges and opportunities for Romania

Manufacturing companies, independent of operation sector and size, must be able to produce lot size one products, just-in-time at a competitive cost. Coping with this high adaptability and short reaction times proves to be very challenging. New approaches must be taken into consideration for designing modular, intelligent and cooperative production systems which are easy to integrate with the entire factory. The coined term for this network of intelligent interacting artefacts system is cyber-physical systems (CPS). CPS is often used in the context of Industry 4.0 – or what many consider the forth industrial revolution. The paper presents an overview of key technological and social requirements to map the Smart Factory vision into reality. Finally, global and Romanian specific challenges hindering the vision of a true Smart Factory to become reality are presented.

INTEGRATION OF REMOTELY SENSED DATA INTO GEOSPATIAL REFERENCE INFORMATION DATABASES. UN-GGIM NATIONAL APPROACH

Remote sensing satellites, together with aerial and terrestrial platforms (mobile and fixed), produce nowadays huge amounts of data coming from a wide variety of sensors. These datasets serve as main data sources for the extraction of Geospatial Reference Information (GRI), constituting the “skeleton” of any Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). <br><br> Since very different situations can be found around the world in terms of geographic information production and management, the generation of global GRI datasets seems extremely challenging. Remotely sensed data, due to its wide availability nowadays, is able to provide fundamental sources for any production or management system present in different countries. After several automatic and semiautomatic processes including ancillary data, the extracted geospatial information is ready to become part of the GRI databases. <br><br> In order to optimize these data flows for the production of high quality geospatial information and to promote its use to address global challenges several initiatives at national, continental and global levels have been put in place, such as European INSPIRE initiative and Copernicus Programme, and global initiatives such as the Group on Earth Observation/Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEO/GEOSS) and United Nations Global Geospatial Information Management (UN-GGIM). These workflows are established mainly by public organizations, with the adequate institutional arrangements at national, regional or global levels. Other initiatives, such as Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), on the other hand may contribute to maintain the GRI databases updated. <br><br> Remotely sensed data hence becomes one of the main pillars underpinning the establishment of a global SDI, as those datasets will be used by public agencies or institutions as well as by volunteers to extract the required spatial information that in turn will feed the GRI databases. <br><br> This paper intends to provide an example of how institutional arrangements and cooperative production systems can be set up at any territorial level in order to exploit remotely sensed data in the most intensive manner, taking advantage of all its potential.

INTEGRATION OF REMOTELY SENSED DATA INTO GEOSPATIAL REFERENCE INFORMATION DATABASES. UN-GGIM NATIONAL APPROACH

Abstract. Remote sensing satellites, together with aerial and terrestrial platforms (mobile and fixed), produce nowadays huge amounts of data coming from a wide variety of sensors. These datasets serve as main data sources for the extraction of Geospatial Reference Information (GRI), constituting the “skeleton” of any Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). Since very different situations can be found around the world in terms of geographic information production and management, the generation of global GRI datasets seems extremely challenging. Remotely sensed data, due to its wide availability nowadays, is able to provide fundamental sources for any production or management system present in different countries. After several automatic and semiautomatic processes including ancillary data, the extracted geospatial information is ready to become part of the GRI databases. In order to optimize these data flows for the production of high quality geospatial information and to promote its use to address global challenges several initiatives at national, continental and global levels have been put in place, such as European INSPIRE initiative and Copernicus Programme, and global initiatives such as the Group on Earth Observation/Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEO/GEOSS) and United Nations Global Geospatial Information Management (UN-GGIM). These workflows are established mainly by public organizations, with the adequate institutional arrangements at national, regional or global levels. Other initiatives, such as Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), on the other hand may contribute to maintain the GRI databases updated. Remotely sensed data hence becomes one of the main pillars underpinning the establishment of a global SDI, as those datasets will be used by public agencies or institutions as well as by volunteers to extract the required spatial information that in turn will feed the GRI databases. This paper intends to provide an example of how institutional arrangements and cooperative production systems can be set up at any territorial level in order to exploit remotely sensed data in the most intensive manner, taking advantage of all its potential.

AGV 운행을 위한 비전기반 유도선 해석 기술

AGV는 최근 생산라인에서 활용이 증대되고 있으며, 저렴하고 속도가 빠른 자기 테이프 유도 방식의 AGV가 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 방식의 AGV 운행 시스템은 고가의 설치비와 운행경로 변경의 유연성 저하 등으로 인해 다품종 소량 생산 시스템이나 협업 기반 생산 시스템에 적용하기 어려운 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 설치 및 변경이 매우 용이한 색 테이프 또는 페인트 기반의 유도선을 카메라 비전을 이용하여 검출하고 해석하는 기술을 제시한다. AGV 운행경로의 자유로운 설정 및 변경이 가능하도록 분기 지점이나 합류 지점과 같은 복잡한 구조의 유도선 부분도 자동으로 분석하는 방법을 제시하며, 또한 안정적인 AGV 운행이 가능하도록 적합한 유도선 추적방향을 결정하는 방법도 제시한다. 제시한 기술을 구현 적용한 실제 산업용 AGV의 실시간 운행 실험을 통해, 제시한 기술이 산업현장에서 실제로 안정적으로 적용 가능함을 확인하였다. AGVs are more and more utilized nowadays and magnetic guided AGVs are most widely used because their system has low cost and high speed. But this type of AGVs requires high infrastructure building cost and has poor flexibility of navigation path layout changing. Thus it is hard to applying this type of AGVs to a small quantity batch production system or a cooperative production system with many AGVs. In this paper, we propose a vision based guideline interpretation technique that uses the cheap, easily installable and changeable color tapes (or paint) as a guideline. So a vision-based AGV with color tapes is effectively applicable to the production systems. For easy setting and changing of AGV navigation path, we suggest an automatic method for interpreting a complex guideline layout including multi-branches and joins of branches. We also suggest a trace direction decision method for stable navigation of AGVs. Through several real-time navigation tests with an industrial AGV installed with the suggested technique, we confirmed that the technique is practically and stably applicable to real industrial field.

A naturalistic approach to the theory of the firm: The role of cooperation and cultural evolution

One reason why firms exist, this paper argues, is because they are suitable organizations within which cooperative production systems based on human social predispositions can evolve. In addition, we show how an entrepreneur, given these predispositions, can shape human behavior within a firm. To illustrate these processes, we will present a model that depicts how the biased transmission of cultural contents via social learning processes within the firm influence employees’ behavior and the performance of the firm. These biases can be traced back to evolved social predispositions. Humans lived in tribal scale social systems based on significant amounts of intra- and even intergroup cooperation for tens if not a few hundred thousand years before the first complex societies arose. Firms rest upon the social psychology originally evolved for tribal life. We also relate our conclusions to empirical evidence on the performance and size of different kinds of organizations. Modern organizations have functions rather different from ancient tribes, leading to friction between our social predispositions and organization goals. Firms that manage to reduce this friction will tend to function better.

강화플라스틱선의 협동화 생산시스템 운용을 위한 표준화 연구

The cooperative production system was proposed as an efficient production system to reduce the ship construction cost and to enhance the competitiveness for small/medium sized shipbuilder in the previous paper. In viewpoint of cooperative production system, the specialization of the FRP ship sizes has already been accomplished to reduce the number of the hull molds by FRP shipbuilders of the Sapjin industrial complex located in Mokpo area in 2003. There also exist lots of effective methods, as a cooperative production system, to cut down the construction cost. In this study, an effective production system in connection with the super structure and outfitting members is proposed such as the standardization of those items and specialized company which intensively produces the super structure and outfitting members at the collectivization area for cooperative work.

Mediator-Based Communication, Negotiation and Scheduling for Decentralised Production Management

Recent trends in industry towards autonomous and co-operative production systems and latest developments in data network technologies have created new opportunities for enhancing the co-operation of production networks. In order to take advantage of the emerged opportunities, an approach based on a software system called Mediator has been developed. The Mediator provides order planning support necessary to integrate decisionmaking and scheduling of several actors in decentralised business organisations. The approach will be demonstrated in the context of order planning in multi-site and supplychain production.

「人・機械協調型生産システム」の開発 カーエアコン組立ラインへの適用

「人・機械協調型生産システム」の開発 カーエアコン組立ラインへの適用

REORGANIZATION OF RICE-PRODUCING COOPERATIVES IN THE NISHI-MIKAWA PLAIN

The establishment and activities of the Takatana Farm Management Association, and the effect of rice-production control on it were studied. From these analyses, a general modell of rice-producing cooperatives in the metropolitan areas was made. The writer pointed out that this model is applicable to the ricep-producing cooperatives prevailing in the Nishi-Mikawa plain. Then, he considered the factors and conditions which contributed to the reorganization of rice-producing cooperatives. The following are the results of the analyses. 1. The Takatana Farm Management Association, which consists of eleven farm households, caretakes paddy fields which are entrusted by part-time farmers through the Agricultural Cooperative. The Takatana Farm Management Association caretakes one half of the area devoted to rice in the town of Takatana which contains 368 farm households. Selfsupporting farm households play the main functions of the association. The increase in number of farm households with a side job in an attempt to reduce or abandon rice production was one of the reasons for the establishment of the association. Conditions are rather favorable for the association to operate because the agreed-upon period is long (five years). Moreover, the charges for caretaking paddy fields are 1.5 hyo (90 kilograms of rice) per 10 are (the average rice-production per 10 are is 7.5 hyo), with no charges for fallow lands. The second plan to reduce acreage of paddy fields by granting subsidies to change the crop has not given much difficulty for the operation of the Agricultural Management Association. Thus, the model of rice-produing cooperatives is applicable to those in the outskirts of a city where leased paddy fields are abundant. 2. There are 20 similar agricultural management association in the city of An jo, and two in the southern part of the city of Toyota. Reorganization of farm households as outlined in the model above is progressing in the Nishi-Mikawa plain. 3. The increase in the number of farmers with a side job, coincidence of the consolidation of farm lands with the introduction of large agricultural machinery and the plan to reduce the acreage of paddy fields greatly contributed to the reorganization of rice-producing cooperatives. The guidance of agricultural cooperatives to benefit local farmers was another important factor which lead to the success of the rice-producing cooperatives. 4. Local environments which were responsible for the establishment of the rice-producingcooperatives include the adjustment of local agricultural practices to the progress of urbanization, , and the traditional cooperative production system practiced in the area known as a Denmarkk in Japan. Another factor was land conditions which became arable land through the Meiji Irrigation Canal.

THE REORGANIZATION OF RICE-PRODUCING COOPERATIVES IN THE SAGA PLAIN, KYUSHU

The purpose of this paper is to state the development of the system of agricultural pro duction of the 1970's in the Saga Plain, one of the most famous rice producing districts in Kyushu. In order to consider it, Morotomi Machi, Mikatsuki Machi, Tosu Shi and Fuku domi Machi in Saga prefecture were selected as study regions. In the Saga Plain, the system of group cultivation of rice was broken in about 1970. Then the system of agricultural production equipped with the farm-machinery and facili ties was formed by the introduction of various financial aid. And the system has owned distinctive characteristics of the region. In Mikatsuki and Tosu, a formation of the system of the land being placed under the management of the group or the agricultural coopera tive began with the urbanization. Put, generally, there exists the cooperative utilization system including part-time farmers as in the case of Morotomi, because the class differen tiation of farmers has not proceeded into a large scale and a small scale in the Saga Plain. On the other hand, in Fukudomi the system of the cooperative utilization of the farm machinery was broken because there was a relatively large number of full-time farmers. The mechanization of agriculture in the cooperatives or individuals reduced, remarkably, . working hours of farmers in rice producing. In spite of the increase of part-time farmers, there was a limit of the enlargement of the management scale of full-time farmers in rice producing. Then, full-time farmers cultivate the rented land for a period of the secondd crop (that is chiefly wheat producing). Unders such conditions, methods of adaptation of part-time farmers are as follows; (1) The method of obtaining the high rent of land which is much higher than the standard price of tenancy on a contract of “Ukeoi Kosaku”, (2) The method of establishing the income of rice producing and the non-agricultural inLome), lending the land for a period of the second crop and contracting the cultivation in rice-planting season. It can be said the establishment of the rice centers or the grain elevators ensured the security of living for part-time farmers. From the administrative point of view, it aimed at both making the basis of the structures of leading the farm management and expanding or rearranging the system of production in the form of unified settlments. But in fact there was a tendency of the separation of upper-class farmers from the cooperative production system, except for the case of Mikatsuki and Tosu. And the same thing happened to the system of the cooperative utilization of the farm-machinery. It seems as if they always wanted to return the farm management from group cultivation to individual one. We shall pay attention to the change in administrative system of production which unifies settlements, and consider whether it can acquire the leadership in the development of local agriculture.

SYMPOSIUM: FRUIT GROWING REGIONS IN THE EASTERN JAPAN

Fruit farming of decidous tree has developed in the Eastern Japan. Furthermore, the Tsugaru Plain is the largest apple producing region in Japan. In Hirosaki City, the center of the Tsugaru Plain, we had a symposium concerning the fruit farming, during the fall meeting of the Association. The summary of papers presented by reporters are in the following. (I) Norio Natsumura (Chiba Shoka Univ.): Apple cultivation in Tohoku District was started when the seedings had been supplied by the Home Ministry, while pioneers of the cultivation were landlords. Since they wanted to have marketable crops, they chose apple cultivation. (2) Yuzo Ishikawa (Akita Kita High-school): Fruit growing regions in Akita Prefecture are divided into the Yokote Basin and the Hanawa Basin. In the Yokote Basin, where farmers adopted cooperative production system, there has been an increasing fruit production. On the contrary, in the Hanawa Basin, there has been a decline in it. (3) Hiroyasu Aoki (Nakano Primary-school in Nagano Prefecture): The Nagano Basin is also an apple producing region. Since 1965, multi-fruit cultivation has been intro duced to produce pears and grapes as well as apples, replacing the traditional mono culture of apples. (4) Hiroshi Sasaki (Tsukuba Univ.): Vineyards in the Kofu Basin have intensively been cultivated in order to get fresh eating grapes. However, as grapes cultivation in Germany is different in the purpose to make wine, the same types of grapes can be produced in the small scale farms in the Kofu Basin. Here the consolidation of arable lands has been promoted to increase the production. Comments and discussions Studies on the relationships among fruit farming and paddy field farming, problem of circulation system of fruits, infuence of urbanization and industrialization on friuit farming, connection about technique of fruit cultivation and formation of the place of production are important. These are the conclusions which we have reached in this symposium.