Cooperative Information Exchange Research Articles

The Beauty and Importance of Scientific Journals

For more than 300 years, academic journals have been the main means of communication in all disciplines to disseminate scientific discoveries and advances, both theoretical and methodological, through scientific article, since they have covered all the functions of knowledge generation. Writing articles is the highlight of the research process and through it we not only share ideas and foster the spirit of free and cooperative exchange of information, but also fuel the process of self-correction that makes science powerful. To be shared with the community, articles must go through a process of attribution of authorship, certification of validity, dissemination, distribution and archiving of knowledge. Throughout history, scientific journals have gone through different stages and through different problems inherent to the editorial process. In this essay on scientific publications, we will reflect on the nature of publications, their importance and usefulness both social and economic, their less luminous side as well as their role, as a systemic and almost irreplaceable mechanism, in the generation and transmission of scientific culture, of our knowledge and understanding about the world and about ourselves.

A fully decentralized machine learning algorithm for optimal power flow with cooperative information exchange

Traditional power grids, being highly centralized in terms of generation, economy, and operation, continually employed probabilistic methods to account for load uncertainties. In modern smart grids (SG), rapid proliferation of non-dispatchable generation (physical decentralization) and liberal markets (market decentralization) leads to dismantling of the centralized paradigm, with operation being performed by several decentralized agents. Handling uncertainty in this new paradigm is aggravated due to 1) a vastly increased number of uncertainty sources, and 2) decentralized agents only having access to local data and limited information on other parts of the grid. A major problem identified in modern and future SGs is the need for fully decentralized optimal operation techniques that are computationally efficient, highly accurate, and do not jeopardize data privacy and security of individual agents. Machine learning (ML) techniques, being successors to traditional probabilistic methods are identified as a solution to this problem. In this paper, a conceptual model is constructed for the transition from a fully centralized operation of a SG to a decentralized one, proposing the transition scheme between the two paradigms. A novel ML algorithm for fully decentralized operation is proposed, formulated, implemented, and tested. The proposed algorithm relies solely on local historical data for local agents to accurately predict their optimal control actions without knowledge of the physical system model or access to historical data of other agents. The capability of cloud-based cooperative information exchange was augmented through a new concept of s-index activation codes, being encoded vectors shared between agents to improve their operation without sharing raw information. The algorithm is tested on a modified IEEE 24-bus test system and synthetically generating historical data based on typical load profiles. A week-ahead high-resolution (15-minute) fully decentralized operation case is tested. The algorithm is shown to guarantee less than 0.1% error compared to a centralized solution and to outperform a neural network (NN). The algorithm is exceptionally accurate while being highly computationally efficient and has great potential as a versatile model for fully decentralized operation of SGs.

Language without information exchange

This paper attempts to revive a once‐lively program in the philosophy of language—that of reducing linguistic phenomena to facts about mental states and actions. I argue that recent skepticism toward this project is generated by features of traditional implementations of the project, rather than the project itself. A picture of language as essentially a mechanism for cooperative information exchange attracted theorists to metasemantic accounts grounding language use in illocutionary action (roughly, using an utterance to elicit a propositional attitude). When this picture is rejected, a metasemantics grounding language in locutionary action (using an utterance to direct attention) emerges as a more viable proposal, dissolving an intractable issue for traditional theories: the metasemantics of subsentential expressions.

Group Dynamics and Interplay in un Disarmament Forums: In Search of Consensus

The elimination of nuclear weapons has been an objective of the United Nations (un) since 1946. Although addressed through multiple forums, including the un General Assembly’s First Committee, Conference on Disarmament and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the possession and renunciation of nuclear weapons nevertheless remains a topic beset by multilateral stalemate and frustration over the entrenchment of positions between nuclear- and non-nuclear weapon states. Yet within these forums, disarmament politics are taking a new turn, with the emergence of new, cross-regional, cross-factional political groups working alongside more established blocs. Focusing on these group dynamics, this article argues that the emergence of new political groups, and their interplay with others, is critical to the effective functioning of disarmament negotiations. Through cooperative information exchange, encouraging policy entrepreneurship and by challenging the rigidity of entrenched bloc positioning, these new group dynamics may make an important contribution in the search for consensus within the un.

Host-Based Intrusion Detection for VANETs: A Statistical Approach to Rogue Node Detection

In this paper, an intrusion detection system (IDS) for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is proposed and evaluated. The IDS is evaluated by simulation in the presence of rogue nodes (RNs) that can launch different attacks. The proposed IDS is capable of detecting a false information attack using statistical techniques effectively and can also detect other types of attacks. First, the theory and implementation of the VANET model that is used to train the IDS is discussed. Then, an extensive simulation and analysis of our model under different traffic conditions is conducted to identify the effects of these parameters in VANETs. In addition, the extensive data gathered in the simulations are presented using graphical and statistical techniques. Moreover, RNs are introduced in the network, and an algorithm is presented to detect these RNs. Finally, we evaluate our system and observe that the proposed application-layer IDS based on a cooperative information exchange mechanism is better for dynamic and fast-moving networks such as VANETs, as compared with other techniques available.

21st Century Pedagogy using Wikipedia

When the era of Constructivismis laced with a broad range of Web2.0 tools, a new form of learning has evolved. Knowledge construction and deconstruction has become easier as the means to write and rewrite information has continued to evolve. Wikipedia is one of the most powerful instruments through which this digital revolution of knowledge creation, co-creation and access has been redefined. This paper is a treatise, exploring the ease with which Wikipedia can be assimilated within the curriculum and how even a secondary school student can add to the immense world of knowledge.
 Wikipedia is a free access, free content platform that offers every person the capability and easy-to-use tools to become a contributor of knowledge. Since its inception in 2001, the online encyclopaedia hasgrown with a burgeoning number of articles being added, modified and reviewed by contributors worldwide by the second. The very nature of the website is collaborative, thus enabling collective learning and cooperative exchange of information. Placing a student in this infinite space as a collaborative contributor of information, which is governed by the website’s stringent governance policies and is open to review and critique across the world, makes him or her a conscientious creator of verified knowledge which consolidates the learning at the highest taxonomic level of education. This curricular integration of Wikipedia could thus be the very essence of constructivism, making it a highly desirable and viable method of digitising any pedagogy.

Payload-Distributed GEO Communication Satellite System and Opportunistic Network Coding Based Cooperative Information Exchange

Fractionated Spacecraft is a concept which transforms a traditional monolithic spacecraft into a network of elements where a free-flying payload module is supported by nearby free-flying infrastructure modules. In this paper, we propose a novel concept named as Payload-Distributed GEO Communication Satellite System (PD-GEO) which divides the traditional GEO communication satellite into several modules. Those modules can be reconfigured, added, or exchanged independently from the others, and be reused over several missions. Then, for the purpose of reliable and high-efficient data transmission in this system, an opportunistic network coding based cooperative information exchange (ONC2IE) scheme was presented. Qualitative analysis and extensive simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of ONC2IE.

Payload-Distributed GEO Communication Satellite System and Opportunistic Network Coding Based Cooperative Information Exchange

Fractionated Spacecraft is a concept which transforms a traditional monolithic spacecraft into a network of elements where a free-flying payload module is supported by nearby free-flying infrastructure modules. In this paper, we propose a novel concept named as Payload-Distributed GEO Communication Satellite System (PD-GEO) which divides the traditional GEO communication satellite into several modules. Those modules can be reconfigured, added, or exchanged independently from the others, and be reused over several missions. Then, for the purpose of reliable and high-efficient data transmission in this system, an opportunistic network coding based cooperative information exchange (ONC2IE) scheme was presented. Qualitative analysis and extensive simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of ONC2IE.

Modeling of Future Cyber–Physical Energy Systems for Distributed Sensing and Control

This paper proposes modeling the rapidly evolving energy systems as cyber-based physical systems. It introduces a novel cyber-based dynamical model whose mathematical description depends on the cyber technologies supporting the physical system. This paper discusses how such a model can be used to ensure full observability through a cooperative information exchange among its components; this is achieved without requiring local observability of the system components. This paper also shows how this cyber-physical model is used to develop interactive protocols between the controllers embedded within the system layers and the network operator. Our approach leads to a synergistic framework for model-based sensing and control of future energy systems. The newly introduced cyber-physical model has network structure-preserving properties that are key to effective distributed decision making. The aggregate load modeling that we develop using data mining techniques and novel sensing technologies facilitates operations of complex electric power systems.

Can the Law Imply More than it Says? On Some Pragmatic Aspects of Strategic Speech

A great deal of the law (even if not all) in any given jurisdiction consists of directives issued by various legal authorities, such as legislatures, judges, administrative agencies, and others. In a fairly clear sense, therefore, the content of the law is determined by what legal authorities communicate. Both lawyers and philosophers of language know very well, however, that the full content of communication in a natural language often goes beyond the meaning of the words and sentences uttered by the speaker. Semantics and syntax are essential vehicles for conveying communicative content, but the content conveyed on particular occasions of speech is often pragmatically enriched by various factors. My purpose in this essay is to explore some of the pragmatic aspects of legal speech. Some of these aspects are unique. The standard model in the pragmatics literature focuses on ordinary conversations, in which the parties are presumed to engage in a cooperative exchange of information. Unlike ordinary cases of conversation, however, the legal context offers an example of conversation that is strategic in nature. Part of my purpose here is to show that the pragmatics of strategic conversation has certain features that deviate from the standard model. The essay proceeds as follows: the first section aims to clarify the conceptual framework, focusing on two main instances of implied communicative content, namely, implicatures and utterance presuppositions. I will argue that in both of these cases, there is an important distinction between implied content that is semantically encoded in the utterance ‐ and therefore forms part of what the law communicatively determines -- and implied content that is essentially contextual and thus much more problematic in the legal case. In the second section I focus on the idea of pragmatic commitments and their normative foundations. My main concern here is to explore the normative framework of strategic speech and ways in which it differs from ordinary conversations. Finally, I will try to explain in what sense legal speech is strategic, and demonstrate how the pragmatic aspects of strategic speech actually work in the legal context.

The dynamics of information exchange dialogues

A simple model of cooperative information exchange between multiple participants is defined, using propositional update semantics. The model is presented in the form of a reduction system. Several properties of the system are proven, concerning confluence, normalisation, properties of normal forms and reduction strategies. We end by discussing possible applications and extensions.

Calling writers' bluffs: The social production of writing ability in university placement-testing

This article examines the implications for testing of a profoundly social model of writing elaborated over the last 15 years by critical composition scholars. Students' development is seen as a process of socialization into the ways of speaking and thinking considered appropriate within academic or professional communities. Such socialization is fraught with conflict in that the values underlying these ways of speaking may differ radically from those that students bring to the situation. Yet, to develop as writers, students must engage these dominant ways of speaking. In this light, testing becomes a kind of “border checkpoint” in the “contact zone” (Pratt, 1987), where students' identities are defined and contested in this textual encounter between writers and readers. Using this theoretical frame, the article examines one aspect of elaboration in student writing as a product of this encounter. Results of a study of a stratified random sample of student placement tests reveal several patterns in the elaboration of “old” and “new” information that deviate sharply from what would be expected in a “cooperative exchange of information between equals.” (Grice, 1967/1975). Yet, these patterns correlate significantly with readers' evaluations of texts. Analysis of these patterns shows them to be two strategies for managing discursive conflict in this situation.

Toward a conceptualization of mail survey response behavior

A conceptual framework for understanding and researching mail survey response behavior is proposed and developed around the constructs of cooperation, trust, and commitment. Survey response is viewed as the cooperative exchange of information by respondents in return for an opportunity to shape their environment. Issues related to the valuation of the survey exchange process are examined within the proposed framework. Current survey inducement techniques are evaluated in terms of their relationship to the three central constructs and their effects on the decision to participate in a mail survey. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

CO-OPERATIVE KEROSENE POISONING STUDY

A co-operative study of the ingestion of kerosene and other petroleum distillate products was carried out among 46 participating hospitals in various cities in the United States and Canada. The basic objectives of the study were the evaluation of gastric lavage as a treatment for the ingestion of petroleum products and the development and formulation of a pattern for the co-operative exchange of information pertaining to poisoning problems. Reports were obtained on a total of 760 patients; 299 of these were submitted by seven participating hospitals that alternated the use and the omission of gastric lavage on even and odd dates of the month in accordance with protocol, and it is primarily on these alternated cases that conclusions regarding the relationship between gastric lavage and the development of complications were based. The other cases were used to examine various epidemiologic characteristics of the problem. Gastric lavage was not harmful to the patients, but there was no conclusive evidence that it was beneficial. The presence of pulmonary complications and of pulmonary complications associated with fever were more closely correlated to the presence of vomiting and to the ingestion of amounts greater than one ounce of petroleum distillates than to the use or omission of gastric lavage. Patients developed complications in the absence of both vomiting and lavage, thus allowing the inference that bloodstream absorption is a factor in the toxicity of these products to humans. Although the case fatality rate is relatively small (only 2 fatalities in the 760 cases) the incidence and the morbidity is substantial. On the basis of National Health Survey figures and reports to the National Clearinghouse for Poison Control Centers it is estimated that about 28,000 such ingestions occur annually in the United States, and in the current series of 760 patients, 62% were hospitalized. Kerosene was by far the commonest type of petroleum distillate product ingested, although mineral seal oil, gasoline, lighter fluid, and a variety of others were involved. Mineral seal oil is the most dangerous from the standpoint of the frequency of toxic manifestations. Treatments reported other than gastric lavage were oxygen, oxygen under pressure, penicillin and other antibiotics, and corticosteroids. In order to determine conclusively whether or not gastric lavage is useful in the treatment of petroleum distillate ingestions it is recommended that an additional co-operative study be carried out. Such a study should include in addition to the factors recorded in this study, the following items: 1. A uniformly recommended specific technique for lavage (with perhaps one additional alternative). 2. Sharper definition of, and closer adherence to, criteria for complications including a history of the presence of cough or gagging at the time of ingestion, and the routine use of serial x-ray. 3. The use of electroencephalography to explore and delineate central nervous system complications. 4. The preservation and analysis of the various types of kerosene and petroleum distillates involved and if possible, quantitative analysis of constituents of kerosene in these samples, in the blood and perhaps in the expired air of the patients ingesting the substances.

Concerning the Possibility of a Cooperative Information Exchange [Letter to the Editor

Personal exchanges play an important role in meeting the information needs of the scientific community. A recent study <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> suggested that about 40% of all the articles, reports, textbooks, symposia and annual reviews read during a two-week diary period by scientists and technologists were obtained through personal recommendations from colleagues. This suggests the possibility of establishing an information exchange system utilizing to a greater extent the channels of communication among scientific workers.