Cooperative Communication Scheme Research Articles

MCMS submersibles: A safe undersea adventure

Abstract. Maritime Cruises Mini-Submarines (MCMS), a company based in Greece, aims to offer safe and deep-sea exploratory experiences to tourists. This paper discusses the primary challenges involved in ensuring tourist safety, particularly focusing on maintaining security in scenarios of mechanical failures or lost communication with the main vessel. We propose comprehensive safety protocols and technological solutions tailored for deep-sea tourist submersibles. The analysis begins with a detailed study of the forces acting on a submersible, considering both operational modes and the impact of ocean currents, utilizing a rigid-body coordinate system and Eulerian angular coordinate transformations to describe the submersibles motion comprehensively. We derive motion and safety parameters by solving the force differential equations, allowing the host ship to predict the submersibles position accurately. In addressing the recovery of lost submersibles, our approach evaluates power loss scenarios and search efficiency, recommending an optimal combination of hydroacoustic and frequency-hopping communication technologies for reliable, low-loss data transmission. We further enhance search methodologies by integrating motion parameters and ocean current dynamics to pinpoint probable locations, adjusting search strategies dynamically based on real-time data, and employing probabilistic models to optimize resource allocation during search operations. A case study in the Caribbean Sea exemplifies applying these methodologies, incorporating localized flow regimes and cooperative communication strategies among multiple submersibles to improve operational efficiency and safety.

Semantic communication for cooperative perception based on importance map

Cooperative perception, which has a broader perception field than single-vehicle perception, has played an increasingly important role in autonomous driving to conduct 3D object detection. Through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication technology, various connected automated vehicles (CAVs) can share their sensory information (LiDAR point clouds) for cooperative perception. We employ an importance map to extract significant semantic information and propose a novel cooperative perception semantic communication scheme with intermediate fusion. Meanwhile, our proposed architecture can be extended to the challenging time-varying multipath fading channel. To alleviate the distortion caused by the time-varying multipath fading, we adopt explicit orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) blocks combined with channel estimation and channel equalization. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms the traditional separate source-channel coding over various channel models. Moreover, a robustness study indicates that only part of semantic information is key to cooperative perception. Although our proposed model has only been trained over one specific channel, it has the ability to learn robust coded representations of semantic information that remain resilient to various channel models, demonstrating its generality and robustness.

COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SOCIO-CULTURAL ACTIVITIES: ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

This study investigates into the complex interplay among communication strategies, globalization, and socio-economic factors within the context of regional development, with a specific focus on Ukraine. Employing a mixed-methods approach, it seeks to investigate the profound impact of effective communication strategies on socio-cultural management and their contribution to regional growth in the era of globalization. The study combines quantitative data from regional development reports with stakeholders across various Ukrainian regions. A theoretical model, based on game theory and the Prisoner's Dilemma, is employed to examine strategic choices in communication, globalization integration, socioeconomic focus, infrastructure development, and cultural initiatives.Through an extensive analysis combining quantitative data derived from regional development reports with insights from stakeholders representing diverse Ukrainian regions, this research reveals that cooperative communication strategies, characterized by robust engagement, a balanced approach to globalization, equitable socio-economic development, strategic infrastructure investment, and active promotion of cultural initiatives, yield the most favourable outcomes for regional development.The key takeaway from this study is the paramount significance of inclusive and participatory approaches, effective communication strategies, and harmonious integration of globalization to foster sustainable regional development. Notably, tailored communication strategies exhibit a significant correlation with the success of socio-cultural initiatives, consequently exerting a positive influence on regional development. These encompass community engagement, cultural sensitivity, and adaptive information dissemination. In conclusion, comprehending and optimizing communication strategies emerge as critical imperatives for harnessing the benefits of globalization in the realm of regional development in Ukraine and analogous contexts.

ВЛИЯНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-КУЛЬТУРНЫХ УСЛОВИЙ НА УРОВЕНЬ ФАМИЛЬЯРНОСТИ В ОБЩЕНИИ

Socio-cultural factors influence on manifestation of familiarity communication in modern society is studied in the article. Familiarity communication is defined in the work as a specific form of speech behavior, conventionally fixed by the cultural and socio-historical practice. Research of personal speech preferences in a socio-cultural context makes it possible to substantiate the reasons for choice of certain verbal or non-verbal means with familiarity orientation, which is regulated by the level of cultural, ethical, moral and value attitudes formation of both the individual and society as a whole. It is noted that differences in familiarity communicative style use in institutional and everyday spheres of society are caused by socially determined distribution of communicants' socio-cultural characteristics and are associated with cooperative or disjunctive communication strategy implementation. The paper describes the results of empirical material analysis, which combined samples of modern speech oral statements by native Russian speakers and modern literary works fragments with examples of common ways and means of expressing familiarity, as well as the author's sociological survey. The data obtained as a result of processing indicate dependence of familiarity manifestation degree on participants' social-role or status position in communication, as well as the particular socio-communicative situation specific conditions.

A Study on Learning Strategies and Styles Segmentation of Learner Groups in Online Education Platforms

Abstract Online education is becoming a popular form of education day by day. In order to provide corresponding learning programs according to the types of learning styles and learning strategies of different learners, this paper proposes a learning style recognition algorithm based on the Felder-Silverman model. The Bayesian discriminant analysis algorithm is used to calculate the probability estimation of samples belonging to one category, and then the clustering center is calculated by k-means clustering analysis so as to complete the classification of learning styles. According to the results of learning style identification, the perceptual learning group has the highest level of cooperative communication strategies in the information perception style dimension, with a mean score of 3.575, the linguistic group is the least adept at all strategies in the information input dimension, with a mean score of only 3.55, the sequential group excels in a variety of strategies for information comprehension, and the active group is the most adept at performing information processing. The personalized learning experiment was conducted according to the characteristics of different style groups. It was found that students who received personalized teaching based on their learning styles improved their performance more significantly, with their average scores in each subject increasing from 73.174 to 82.247 in the pre-test. Their scores in the post-test were 5.729 points ahead of those of the control class. The application effects are significant when learning strategies and styles are classified, and teaching programs are improved accordingly.

Reputation-Aware Rate Maximization for Cross-Media Cooperative Transmission in Smart Ocean IoT

In smart ocean Internet of Things (IoT) systems, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are responsible for underwater information collection. Due to the nature of the medium of water, the acoustic communications for AUVs are of low bandwidth and adverse environmental conditions causing severe transmission problems. In order to realize cross-media transmission from AUVs to the offshore platform, unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) have been suggested to forward the collected information in a coordinated manner. Against this backdrop, this contribution develops a cooperative USV-to-USV (U2U) cross-media cooperative communications scheme. Then, we formulate a rate maximization problem with the objective of optimizing the reputation-aware USV selection strategy. Furthermore, to characterize the impact of the mobility of AUVs/USVs, a long-term dynamic process is constructed. Meanwhile, we also develop an efficient algorithm which transforms the reputation-aided dynamic USVs selection problem into the infinite time horizon average one restricted by time average rate constraints in the collection of penalty processes with the help of the Lyapunov optimization framework and drift-plus-penalty method. Finally, numerical results are presented to validate the convergence behavior and the performance for the designed dynamic USVs selection algorithm.

Secrecy Outage Probability Analysis for Downlink RIS-NOMA Networks With On-Off Control

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been regarded as a promising technology since it has ability to create the favorable channel conditions. This paper investigates the secure communications of RIS assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks, where both external and internal eavesdropping scenarios are taken into consideration. More specifically, novel approximate and asymptotic expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) for the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> -th legitimate user (LU) are derived by invoking imperfect successive interference cancellation (ipSIC) and perfect successive interference cancellation (pSIC). To characterize the secrecy performance of RIS-NOMA networks, the diversity order of the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> -th LU with ipSIC/pSIC is obtained in the high signal-to-noise ratio region. The secrecy system throughput of RIS-NOMA networks is discussed in delay-limited transmission mode. Numerical results are presented to verify theoretical analysis that: i) The SOP of RIS-NOMA networks is superior to that of RIS assisted orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and conventional cooperative communication schemes; ii) As the number of reflecting elements increases, the RIS-NOMA networks are capable of achieving the enhanced secrecy performance; and iii) The RIS-NOMA networks have better secrecy system throughput than that of RIS-OMA networks and conventional cooperative communication schemes.

MIMO Device-to-Device Communications via Cooperative Dual-Polarized Intelligent Surfaces

By making the propagation environment a programmable entity, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) constitute a key enabler to fulfill the quality-of-service requirements of device-to-device (D2D) communications. In practice, however, a single RIS may not be able to establish a line-of-sight path between the devices, e.g., in environments with rich scattering or when devices are far apart. This can hinder the communications especially in applications that require the transfer of different data sets from a source to multiple destinations. Considering such type of applications, this letter proposes a dual-polarized cooperative RIS-assisted MIMO D2D communication scheme, where the beam routing path via multiple RISs is selected based on the maximum received signal-to-noise ratio and path constraints. Looking into system operation in indoor environments, and utilizing a realistic channel model, tractable expressions are obtained for the system’s error rate and outage probability. An asymptotic analysis is also conducted to evaluate the diversity gain. The findings reveal significant advantages of the dual-polarized cooperative RIS scheme over other RIS-based schemes.

Energy efficient hybrid ARQ scheme for cooperative communication in underwater acoustic sensor networks

Energy efficient hybrid ARQ scheme for cooperative communication in underwater acoustic sensor networks

Energy efficient hybrid ARQ scheme for cooperative communication in underwater acoustic sensor networks

Energy efficient hybrid ARQ scheme for cooperative communication in underwater acoustic sensor networks

Wireless Powered Relay Networks: Rate Optimal and Power Consumption-Aware WPT/SWIPT

We focus on the rate-optimal design of Wireless Powered Relay Networks (WPRNs) and propose a new cooperative communication scheme. Our scheme employs multiple wireless powered Amplify and Forward (AF) relays and relay selection and combines Time Splitting (TS), with Antenna Switching (AS) and Self Energy Recycling (SER). It consists of an initial Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) subframe, followed by a cooperative transmission subframe, during which one antenna is used for Energy Harvesting (EH) and SER and the remaining ones are used for data reception and data forwarding. For this scheme, we present solutions to the problems of 1) rate-optimal beamforming (BF) design, 2) rate-optimal, joint Harvesting Antenna Selection (HAS), BF design, and WPT subframe duration determination. Our solutions build on a generic piecewise linear EH model, which allows us to closely approximate the characteristics of different non linear EH measurements and models, by selecting the number of piecewise linear components and their parameters. In addition, we consider a realistic power consumption model at the relays that accounts for both transmit and circuit power consumption. Moreover, our BF solution is optimal and requires solving a set of simple optimization problems, where the solution of each one of them can be found in a simple closed form. Thus, it is characterized by low implementation complexity, and avoids sophisticated iterative optimization methods. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first one to introduce a scheme, which combines TS, AS, and SER principles and exploits realistic EH and power consumption models at the relays. Finally, we assess the performance of our scheme over fading channels and find that it outperforms existing solutions that use the same hardware.

Research on Polarization Coding Cooperative Communication Scheme for FSO System

To solve the problems of interruption events and the high bit-error rate of the FSO system caused by atmospheric turbulence, an FSO cooperative communication scheme based on system polarization code is proposed. In this scheme, the upper limit of the average bit-error rate of the atmospheric turbulence channel is used to construct the frozen bit set of the system polarization code, and the information bit set of the S−R link is recovered by using the ownership relationship between the frozen bit set of the S−R link and the S−D link at the destination node. Finally, the information bits of the S−R link and S−D link are combined using equal gain combination, and the original information is recovered by decoding. The simulation results show that the FSO cooperative communication system can overcome the influence of atmospheric turbulence and improve the system performance, and the bit-error rate performance of the FSO cooperative communication system can be improved by at least 0.5dB; the outage probability of the FSO cooperative communication system can be reduced to less than 10−7, and it shows a stable inhibitory effect on strong turbulence conditions.

Optimized video internet of things using elliptic curve cryptography based encryption and decryption

The adaptive Joint Photographic Experts Group 2000 (JPEG2000) image compression approach employing the wavelet image transform had proposed with the rise of the optimized Video Internet of Things (VIoT) using image transmission security using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) techniques. Compressive Sensing (CS) for periodic data transfers has shown to be an excellent option for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) since CS-based sensor communications drastically reduce data transmissions and enhance energy efficiency. However, another issue that arises when utilizing the optimized VIoT with image transmission compression is data loss as a result of various security risks during transmission. The numerous cooperative communication strategies proved their feasibility in different ways. However, additional issues must be handled while handling image transmission in VIoT. For example, when preparing to transmit an image, you may expend a lot of energy. The main objective of this paper is to increase image quality while minimizing processing time and error rates. However, force aptitude is vital to the research problem for the Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN), as high-dimensional digital images use greater processing capabilities of sensor nodes. The image in WMSN is transmitted through a large number of relays. The experimental findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested paradigm.

OUTAGE PERFORMANCE OF COOPERATIVE RELAY PROTOCOL ON UAVS-BASED FLYING ADHOC NETWORK

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are getting increased strength and count day by day in various civilian and military applications. The UAVs can form flying ad-hoc networks (FANET) to send data to a distant ground control station through multi-hop relaying. However, due to typical features of UAVs and limitations posed by areas of deployment, achieving efficient data dissemination with quality of service is a challenging task in such networks. Different algorithms have been reported in literature however, physical layer transmission issues need to be investigated more in such networks. In this work, we consider dual-hop cooperative communication using a single relay in a downlink communication scenario. A data dissemination scheme based on cooperative relaying is proposed to ensure reliability in operation. The performance of a non-buffer aided dual-hop relay network of UAVs considering the hardware impairments is analyzed. The end-to-end SNR analysis and derivation of the probability of outage expressions for both regenerative and non-regenerative modes of communication working in a half-duplexed fashion are presented. Monte Carlo Simulations verify the analytical results and depict that our proposed cooperative communication scheme improves the system performance compared to compulsory direct and compulsory indirect communication. The system achieves performance improvement at lower data rates using hardware without impairments working on Rayleigh fading channels in an urban environment. Results display that the fading distribution coefficients have a strong impact on system performance.

Interference Management with Reflective In-Band Full-Duplex NOMA for Secure 6G Wireless Communication Systems.

The electromagnetic spectrum is used as a medium for modern wireless communication. Most of the spectrum is being utilized by the existing communication system. For technological breakthroughs and fulfilling the demands of better utilization of such natural resources, a novel Reflective In-Band Full-Duplex (R-IBFD) cooperative communication scheme is proposed in this article that involves Full-Duplex (FD) and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technologies. The proposed R-IBFD provides efficient use of spectrum with better system parameters including Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP), throughput, data rate and secrecy capacity to fulfil the requirements of a smart city for 6th Generation (6thG or 6G). The proposed system targets the requirement of new algorithms that contribute towards better change and bring the technological revolution in the requirements of 6G. In this article, the proposed R-IBFD mainly contributes towards co-channel interference and security problem. The In-Band Full-Duplex mode devices face higher co-channel interference in between their own transmission and receiving antenna. R-IBFD minimizes the effect of such interference and assists in the security of a required wireless communication system. For a better understanding of the system contribution, the improvement of secrecy capacity and interference with R-IBFD is discussed with the help of SOP derivation, equations and simulation results. A machine learning genetic algorithm is one of the optimization tools which is being used to maximize the secrecy capacity.

Wireless powered backscatter-aided cooperative communication scheme for IoT

Wireless powered backscatter-aided cooperative communication scheme for IoT

A cooperative communication scheme based on blockchain

Traditional cooperative communication is based on the complete trust between source and relay, and relay voluntarily helps source to forward information. However, in practice, relay may not be willing to forward information for source, and source may not trust relay due to the tampering or dropping of information. Existing incentive mechanisms that encourage relay to cooperative cannot establish trust foundation between source and relay, and cannot guarantee the security of data transmission. Blockchain naturally has properties of tamper-proof, transparent, and full traceability, it can effectively solve the trust problem and improve the security of data transmission. So we introduce blockchain into cooperative communication, propose a cooperative communication scheme based on blockchain, and design a set of detailed working procedure for this scheme. In the working procedure, we propose an optimal relay selection scheme and a consensus mechanism based on mobile terminal credit value (CM-MTCV) to encourage terminals to cooperation and achieve fast consensus. The simulation results show that our scheme can save 6.74% energy cost compared with the maximum-minimum scheme when the number of relay nodes is 8, the delay of CM-MTCV is 1/2000 of that of PoW, the transaction throughput of CM-MTCV is 2000 times of that of PoW.

Joint relay and channel selection against mobile and smart jammer: A deep reinforcement learning approach

This paper investigates the joint relay and channel selection problem using a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm for cooperative communications in a dynamic jamming environment. The latest types of jammers include the mobile and smart jammer that contains multiple jamming patterns. This new type of jammer poses serious challenges to reliable communications such as huge environment states, tightly coupled joint action selections and real-time decision requirements. To cope with these challenges, a DRL-based relay-assisted cooperative communication scheme is proposed. In this scheme, the joint selection problem is constructed as a Markov decision process (MDP) and a double deep Q network (DDQN) based anti-jamming scheme is proposed to address the unknown and dynamic jamming behaviors. Concretely, a joint decision-making network composed of three sub-networks is designed and the independent learning method of each sub-network is proposed. The simulation results show that the user agent is able to anticipate the jammer behaviors and elude the jamming in advance. Furthermore, compared with the sensing-based algorithm, the Q learning-based algorithm and the existing DRL-based anti-jamming approaches, the proposed algorithm maintains a higher average normalized throughput.

MIMO Based Cooperative Communication and Joint Maximum Likelihood Detection for Cognitive Radio System

In this work, novel cooperative communication strategies like Decode and Forward based relay schemes, joint maximum likelihood signal detection in combinational Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) cooperative relay cognitive networks are used. The joint cooperative signal detection using Maximum-Likelihood (ML) detector at each relays, and associated path links improves the quality of services at the destination node, which can be dynamically altered using different relay combinations and associated iterative computational complexity accumulated during ML detection. Here the relay performs ML decoding and transmit the detected symbols to the destination and also to the multiple antennas equipped for cooperative communication. The same ML detection at the destination combines the MIMO based diversity to narrow down the error probability among different orthogonal transmissions. The combination of iterative signal detection and relay assisted decoding scheme shows superior error rate performance when compared to non-iterative hard decoded signal detection. The simulations results proved the influence of MIMO assisted cooperative communication and the associated performance penalty gaps that come with imperfect channel state information at the destination node.

ASC Performance Prediction for Medical IoT Communication Networks

Wearable devices are gradually entering the medical health field. Medical Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely used in all walks of medical health. With the complexity of medical health application scenarios, the medical IoT communication networks face complex environments. The secure communication issue is very important for medical IoT communication networks. This paper investigates the secrecy performance of medical IoT communication networks. To improve the secrecy performance, we adopt a cooperative communication strategy. We also use the average secrecy capacity (ASC) as a metric, and the expressions are first derived. Then, a secrecy performance intelligent prediction algorithm is proposed. The extensive simulations are used to verify the proposed method. Compared with other methods, the proposed algorithm realizes a better prediction precision.