Cooling Fan Research Articles

Testing the thermal performance of water cooling towers

Abstract The essential service water system (ESWS) in nuclear power plants circulates the water that cools fan coolers, cooling water heat exchangers, and condensers and other components before dissipating the heat into the environment. Because this includes cooling the systems that remove decay heat from both the primary system and the spent fuel rod cooling ponds, the ESWS is a safety-critical system. In locations without a large body of water in which to dissipate the heat, water is recirculated via a cooling tower. Cooling towers fall into two main categories: Natural draft and Mechanical draft. Since, the mechanical draft cooling towers are much more widely used; the focus is on them in this work to measure its performance. Therefore; the present work addresses the thermal acceptance test for mechanical draft water cooling tower in order to determine its thermal capability in accordance with the cooling technology institute (CTI) code recommendations. Both the Characteristic Curve and the Performance Curve Methods are used. A detailed description of the test procedure according to the CTI ATC-105 test code is presented, and the test code is applied on the Egypt second research reactor (ETRR-2) cooling tower as a case study. All the instruments used in the reactor plant are calibrated prior the test and the measured data is collected at regular intervals according to the code recommendations. The test result shows a tower capability of about 105 % and so the tower is thermally accepted.

Optimization of Cooling Fan Based on Unequal Angle and Leading-Edge Triangle Blade Design

In order to reduce the noise of the axial fan, an uneven blade spacing was used to optimize tonal noise and blade leading edge triangles were added to optimize the broadband noise. First, different angular distribution schemes were designed on the basis of ensuring the dynamic balance of the fan, and the noise of the different schemes was simulated by using the computational aeroacoustics (CAA) numerical simulation method. Then, the best optimal angular distribution design was selected for experimental verification, which confirmed the reliability of the numerical calculation. The test results also show that the uneven blade spacing has little effect on the fan pressure and efficiency. Additionally, triangular leading edges were added to each blade based on the uneven blade spacing design. Combining these two optimization schemes proved to reduce the fan noise by 13.4 dBA.

Vibrational Analysis on Cooling Fan with Induced Mechanical Faults

Abstract This paper reports the investigation of different mechanical faults such as unbalanced loading, broken blades, and deformed blades induced in a fan using vibration analysis. The fan used in this study was a CPU cooling fan as a representation of a basic fan system giving an idea of vibration signatures when it is subjected to faults conditions. This study assists in developing the techniques of condition monitoring for the diagnosis of failures and faults in fan systems while logging the operating status and trend in performance. The investigation is carried out in the turbine testing lab using a Tri-axial accelerometer and a commercial Intel® CPU cooling fan consisting of 7 blades. The fan was run at different RPMs with normal and fault conditions like unbalanced loading conditions induced by adding mass of different weights, breakage of blades, deformation of blades, and holes in the blades. These faults are induced to simulate various mechanical faults that frequently occur in fan-based systems. The vibration data obtained from the accelerometer are filtered and the time series of acceleration values are plotted using MATLAB. For further analysis of data, the Fast Fourier Transform is done to evaluate the peaks of vibration signals in normal and fault conditions. Vibrational amplitude in fault conditions like Hole-2 has 4.5 times higher amplitude than normal and Cut-2 has 31.5 times higher amplitude.

Optimization Based on Computer Fluid Dynamics Finite Element Method Automotive Cooling Fan Structure

With the continuous improvement of vehicle comprehensive technology, the heat load generated by automotive engine systems, hydraulic systems, and other devices also increases. Therefore, improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the cooling system is a key technology that cannot be ignored in the current vehicle development process. The car cooling fan is an important component of the cooling system, and its working characteristics will directly affect the cooling effect of the engine. This article uses the finite volume method of computer fluid dynamics to optimize the structure of a heat dissipation fan, analyze and define the flow field control volume required for its numerical calculation, use structured and unstructured grids to discretize the internal flow field region, select pressure inlet and pressure outlet boundary conditions, and simulate and analyze the fluid flow in the radiator based on fluid dynamics theory calculations. The orthogonal experimental method was used to analyze various performance indicators during the experimental process. The results showed that the comprehensive performance of the No. 3 optimized cooling fan was the best, with a 10.45% increase in static pressure efficiency, a 14.03% increase in dynamic pressure efficiency, and an 11.26% increase in maximum flow velocity. The optimized fan flow field streamline became more full and uniform, significantly improving the fluid dynamics performance of the air in the cooling system.

Numerical Investigation on the Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Characteristics in New Energy Vehicle Cooling Fan with Shroud

The cooling fan is one of the important noise sources for new energy vehicles, and the research on its aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics is of great help to improve the noise, vibration and harshness performance of new energy vehicles. However, most of these studies focus on the impeller, and little consideration has been given to the study of the shroud. Based on the coupling calculation method of large eddy simulation and the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings acoustics model, the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics in a cooling fan with the shroud are investigated at flow rates from 0.623 kg/s to 1.019 kg/s (where 0.865 kg/s is the flow rate corresponding to the best efficiency point). The accuracy of numerical simulation results is verified by the grid independence verification and the comparison of experimental data. Research shows that several large-scale vortex structures are observed in the clearance between the impeller and the shroud. The maximum peak-to-peak values of pressure fluctuation at different flow rates occur in the intermediate section or outlet section of the shroud. Although the shroud contributes relatively less to the far field noise, its different distribution may change the position of the maximum sound pressure level. The dominant frequency of pressure fluctuation equals the blade passage frequency (BPF) and the maximum SPL is around the BPF, both of which are independent of flow rates. The maximum SPL and the amplitude of the dominant frequency decrease as the flow rate increases.

Design Modeling and Prototyping of a 55 Watts Surface Mounted PM Machine With High Torque and Low Torque Ripple for Cooling Fan Application

Design Modeling and Prototyping of a 55 Watts Surface Mounted PM Machine With High Torque and Low Torque Ripple for Cooling Fan Application

Comparison of the Peltier Effect Cooled Liquid Cooling System Developed for Computers Operating in Harsh Environment Conditions with the Fan Cooling System

Günümüzde kullanım alanları artan bilgisayar sistemleri çeşitli sorunları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Yüksek işlem gücü elde etmek için işlemcilerin elektronik bileşenleri daha sıkı yapılar haline getirilmektedir. Bu durumda ısının uzaklaştırılması önemli bir sorundur. Yarıiletken malzemelerin sıcaklıklarının artması daha yüksek güç tüketimlerine ve kararlı yapılarının bozulmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bilgisayar işlemcilerinin soğutulması amacıyla geliştirilen fanlı soğutma sistemleri bilgisayarın bulunduğu ortamın toz ve sıcaklık gibi çevresel şartlarından etkilenmektedir. Klimalı soğutma sistemlerinin çevreye zararlı gazlar yayması bilgisayar soğutma sistemlerinin geliştirilmesinde araştırmacıları yeni yöntemlere yönlendirmiştir. Bu çalışmada; peltier etki ile soğutulan sıvı soğutma sisteminin, fanlı soğutma sistemine göre 2511 MHz saat hızında %40, 2745 MHz saat hızında %24 oranında soğutma verimliliği sağladığı görülmüştür. Yapılan deneylerde peltier etkisi ile soğutulan sıvı soğutma sisteminin fanlı soğutma sistemine göre %32,85 oranında daha fazla güç tükettiği tespit edilmiştir.

Investigation of Various Laminating Materials for Interior Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor for Cooling Fan Application

Investigation of Various Laminating Materials for Interior Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor for Cooling Fan Application

Investigations of Naive Bayes, Random Forest and Decision Tree Algorithm for building aeroponics system

Urban farming has becoming popular and most adopted recently as society has become more conscious about the food quality they consume and conservation of resources. The Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning algorithms are employed to build and implement an automated aeroponics system. This system contains Arduino as a main processing unit and uses Node MCU for cloud storage. It gets inputs from sensors like ultrasonic sensor, light sensor, humidity sensor, temperature sensor and exhibit the output in a LCD unit. In response to the inputs, water pump, cooler fan and light acts automatically. The data are stored in cloud as a record for future use. Using machine learning algorithms Naive Bayes, Random Forest and Decision Tree the datasets from cloud are trained and tested to know the crop suitable for the given condition. According to the results, the system has the potential to save more labour and reducing water consumption than conventional methods.

New insights to containment management in TRR during severe accident by spray and fan cooler measures

The corium behavior and its effects on containment behaviors along with mitigation measures are investigated for Tehran Research Reactor (TRR) by using the MELCOR and CONTAIN codes during a Severe Accident (SA). According to obtained results, the SAs analysis for the research reactor shows different behavior compared with power reactors. This behavior can be can be investigated in two phases; the initial phase: before the concrete ablation initiation up to 119 days and secondary phase: initiation concrete ablation from 119 to 125 days. During the initial phase, the containment pressure increases at a rate of 0.016 Pa/s and reaches 0.1138 MPa (the maximum pressure of the containment) during about 24 h. In this phase, the effects of the corium initial temperature, corium mass and relative humidity on the containment behavior are not significant. During the secondary phase, the average containment pressure increasing rate is about 12 times more than initial phase. Results show that containment management systems are need to maintain containment integrity. The suggested systems are to use a fan cooler (minimum power capacity 3 kW, coolant flow rate and temperature 0.05 Lit/s and 298 K) or spray (maximum spray droplet temperature 298 K with minimum spray flow 0.001 Lit/s) to mitigate SA.

A Hybrid Neural Ordinary Differential Equation Based Digital Twin Modeling and Online Diagnosis for an Industrial Cooling Fan

Digital twins can reflect the dynamical behavior of the identified system, enabling self-diagnosis and prediction in the digital world to optimize the intelligent manufacturing process. One of the key benefits of digital twins is the ability to provide real-time data analysis during operation, which can monitor the condition of the system and prognose the failure. This allows manufacturers to resolve the problem before it happens. However, most digital twins are constructed using discrete-time models, which are not able to describe the dynamics of the system across different sampling frequencies. In addition, the high computational complexity due to significant memory storage and large model sizes makes digital twins challenging for online diagnosis. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a novel structure for creating the digital twins of cooling fan systems by combining with neural ordinary differential equations and physical dynamical differential equations. Evaluated using the simulation data, the proposed structure not only shows accurate modeling results compared to other digital twins methods but also requires fewer parameters and smaller model sizes. The proposed approach has also been demonstrated using experimental data and is robust in terms of measurement noise, and it has proven to be an effective solution for online diagnosis in the intelligent manufacturing process.

Case study on reliability improvement of sinter cooler fan

Case study on reliability improvement of sinter cooler fan

On the Fast Prediction of the Aerodynamic Performance of Electronics Cooling Fans Considering the Effect of Tip Clearance

On the Fast Prediction of the Aerodynamic Performance of Electronics Cooling Fans Considering the Effect of Tip Clearance

Parameters in Injection Molding of Cooling Fan for Electronic Chips of Electric Vehicles

Parameters in Injection Molding of Cooling Fan for Electronic Chips of Electric Vehicles

Optimization of Lube Oil Cooler Fan at Reserve Shutdown Combined Cycle Power Plant Priok

Optimization of Lube Oil Cooler Fan at Reserve Shutdown Combined Cycle Power Plant Priok

Reduce the Cooling FAN Blade Pass Frequency Noise in Electrical Vehicle

Air duct in the inlet of the cooling fan is often used in EV (electrical vehicle) due to the usage of AGS (active grille system) and profile. It often leads to the unexpected noise of the cooling fan, the overall level and the BPF (blade pass frequency) noise becomes much worse than before significantly. The experimental results shown that the boundary conditions of the cooling fan affect the noise sensitively. So, the whole engine room CAE model is set up to apply the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the Computational Aero Acoustics (CAA). Thus, the CFD and CAA synthesis methods are used to predict the fan noise. After theoretical analysis, it is found that the fan shroud is the most sensitive area which significantly affect the BPF noise. Then different shroud proposals are applied to find the best solutions for the BPF noise, The CAA results shown that the BPF frequency peak of the interior noise reduces 5dB (A) for the best shroud case. Then the best proposal one is manufactured and assembled in EV to validate the effects. The Noise in the EV also cut down in 5-8 dB (A). The Experimental and CAE synthesis method for the whole engine room analysis is confirmed to be useful to solve the cooling FAN BPF noise issue. According to the above researches the cooling FAN NVH design rules are drawn and used in EV NVH design.

Design and Implementation of an Industrial Heat Detector and Cooling System Using Raspberry Pi

In this research paper an industrial heat detector and cooling system using Raspberry PI was successfully developed and implemented. The workspace/machine temperature is maintained and monitored continuously using the DHT11 temperature sensor with Raspberry Pi. This developed system triggers the cooling fan ON immediately the temperature is >25.99oC and triggers it OFF immediately the temperature range is <26.00oC and an email will be sent to the manger (user) when the machine or environment continues to heat above 30.00oC. Furthermore, if the machine continues to overheat up-to 40oC, the embedded software will automatically trigger OFF the machine indicating that something is wrong. The email will notify the manager (user) that the machine is getting overheated and needed an urgent attention. This research work has successfully achieved the aim of solving the problem of machine overheating by either cooling it or sending signal to the manager for immediate intervention which will help in reducing the cost of repairing and frequent maintenance. Keywords: Heat detector, Cooling Fan, Raspberry, Sensor, Microcontroller, Solar Panel

Experimental of the Influence of Blade Pitch Angle Cooler Fan on the Performance of Closed Cooling Water System Gas Turbine

A closed cooling water system is one of the systems contained in gas turbines. The main function of this system is to cool the lubricating oil and winding generator. Decreased performance of closed cooling water system can cause the gas turbine protection system to be active and cause the gas turbine trip. The study began with data collection, both design data for the heat exchanger cooler fan and operating data from the closed cooling water system on the gas turbine. An experiment was carried out by varying the blade pitch angle cooler fan to measure the work parameters in the field and analyzing the results of these measurements against the performance of the heat exchanger cooler fan. Variations of blade pitch angle cooler fan were done by limiting the working parameters of the cooling fan motor. The result of this study was an increase in the blade pitch angle cooler fan results in an increase in the flow rate of the cooler fan, this also affected the heat transfer rate of the heat exchanger cooler fan which grew when the blade pitch angle cooler fan was raised. The increase of blade pitch angle cooler fan also resulted in a decrease in the temperature of closed cooling water on the heat exchanger cooler fan outlet.

Investigations on Five PMMA Closed Types of Piezo Actuators as a Cooling Fan

There are five closed types of piezo actuators (closed type of PA, closed PA) as a cooling fan relative to those different PAJs of the previous work (open type of PAJ, open PAJ) for analysis in the present study. Closed PA was composed of circular piezoelectric ceramics (PCs) and acrylic (PMMA) plates and investigated on five different types at operating conditions. The results show that the noise of the closed PA is quieter than that of the open PAJ by about 10 dB. When the closed PA is deposed at a suitable distance of 10 to 20 mm from the heat source, averting sucking back the high-temperature fluids around that, the thermal convection coefficient is above 120% more than that of the conventional rotary fan. The cooling performances of these five closed PAs were evaluated by thermal analysis technique, and the convection thermal resistance of the best closed PA can be decreased by over 15%. In terms of energy consumption, a monolithic closed PA was less than 10% than that of a rotary fan. Among these five closed PAs, the best one has the essential qualities that the diameter of the piezoelectric sheet is 41 mm, the opening length is 4 mm, and the outer opening length is 10 mm. Moreover, the best operating conditions are a voltage frequency of 300 Hz and a release distance of 15 mm in the present study.

A Numerical Investigation on the Influence of the Circular Ring on the Aerodynamic Noise Generated by a Cooling Fan

The influence of the width of the circular ring of a car cooling fan on the aerodynamic noise is investigated numerically through the determination of the overall sound pressure level (OASPL). The results demonstrate that when the circular rings cover near 2/3 of the width of the blade tips of the rotor in the axis direction, the rotor has the lowest OASPL and the related total pressure efficiency and flow mass rate are better than the corresponding values obtained for a reference rotor without a circular ring. With increasing the width of the circular ring in the axis direction, the tip vortex around the trailing edge of the blade tip becomes smaller and finally disappears. Meanwhile, a separated flow field arises gradually and then grows in size around the middle of the junction of the blade tips with the ring. When the circular rings cover nearly 2/3 s of the width of the blade tips of the fan in the axis direction, the extension of the separated flow around the blade ’s tip attains a minimum.