Convulsive Crisis Research Articles

Enlightening the mechanism of ferroptosis in epileptic heart.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological degenerative disease with a high incidence, affecting all age groups. Refractory Epilepsy (RE) occurs in approximately 30-40% of cases with a higher risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Recent studies have shown that spontaneous seizures developed in epilepsy can be related to an increase in oxidative stress and reactive oxygen derivatives (ROS) production. Increasing ROS concentration causes lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, destruction of nuclear genetic material, enzyme inhibition, and cell death by a mechanism known as "ferroptosis" (Fts). Inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) induces Fts, while oxidative stress is linked with increased intracellular free iron (Fe+2) concentration. Fts is also a non-apoptotic programmed cell death mechanism, where a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-141) dependent hypoxic stress-like condition appears to occur with accumulation of iron and cytotoxic ROS in affected cells. Assuming convulsive crises as hypoxic stress, repetitive convulsive/hypoxic stress can be an effective inducer of the "epileptic heart" (EH), which is characterized by altered autonomic function and a high risk of malignant or fatal bradycardia. We previously reported that experimental recurrent seizures induce cardiomyocyte Fts associated with SUDEP. Furthermore, several genes related to Fts and hypoxia have recently been identified in acute myocardial infarction. An emerging theme from recent studies indicates that inhibition of GPX4 through modulating expression or activities of the xCT antiporter system (SLC7A11) governs cell sensitivity to oxidative stress from ferroptosis. Furthermore, during hypoxia, an increased expression of stress transcriptional factor ATF3 can promote Fts induced by erastin in a HIF-141-dependent manner. We propose that inhibition of Fts with ROS scavengers, iron chelators, antioxidants, and transaminase inhibitors could provide a therapeutic effect in epilepsy and improve the prognosis of SUDEP risk by protecting the heart from ferroptosis.

Encephalic meningioangiomatosis in a dog with high-grade undefined glioma

Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a rare proliferative meningovascular disorder that affects mainly the cerebral cortex, brainstem and spinal cord of humans and animals and can coexist with other proliferative disorders. A 7.5-year-old male Brazilian Campeiro Bulldog died after a convulsive crisis and cardiorespiratory arrest. At necropsy, a firm, white mass involving the piriform and right occipital lobes was seen. Histologically, the mass consisted of two morphologically distinct entities that collided: a congenital malformation characterized by a proliferation of meningothelial cells around blood vessels, within the perivascular spaces; and a neoplasm composed of two cell populations with astrocytic and oligodendrocytic differentiation. Meningothelial cells and neoplastic glial cells immunolabelled for vimentin. This first reported case of encephalic MA with a high-grade undefined glioma in a dog was confirmed through clinical signs, pathological and immunohistochemical findings.

Autistic spectrum disorder and fairy tales: A case study

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder identified by atypical behavioral manifestations, which may present a restricted repertoire of interests and activities and poor communication and social interaction. Its etiology remains unknown and is present in more than 500,000 people throughout Brazil. In this article, there is a brief literature review for the basis of the autistic spectrum disorder and its finding in the patient regarding her wonder about the fairytale princess. Case Report: JAD, 17 years old, is a student without comorbidities. She had been diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorder, Cognitive Deficit, and Epilepsy. At 14 months, she started convulsive crises that were difficult to control, about four episodes daily. About ten months ago, an obsession with a specific fairy tale character (Snow White) began. She put herself in the character’s place and suffered from “supposedly” not receiving visits from the entire group that made up the fairy tale. She had severe cognitive delay and disjointed reasoning. She was spoken very little, did not make long sentences. It presented alterations in neuroimaging. Conclusion: After understanding the definition of the disorder, which involves a change in neurodevelopment, whether in the brain anatomy or due to a deficiency in the neuronal circuit, it is noted that even though the diagnosis is clinical, in some cases—including the reported case—the diagnosis imaging can also help to understand possible behavioral changes due to an anatomical abnormality.

Toxicity of Synthetic Cannabinoids in K2/Spice: A Systematic Review.

(1) Background: Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are emerging drugs of abuse sold as 'K2', 'K9' or 'Spice'. Evidence shows that using SCs products leads to greater health risks than cannabis. They have been associated with greater toxicity and higher addiction potential unrelated to the primary psychoactive component of marijuana, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). Moreover, early cases of intoxication and death related to SCs highlight the inherent danger that may accompany the use of these substances. However, there is limited knowledge of the toxicology of Spice ingredients. This systematic review intends to analyze the toxicity of SCs compounds in Spice/K2 drugs. (2) Methods: Studies analyzing synthetic cannabinoid toxicity and dependence were included in the present review. We searched the PubMed database of the US National Library of Medicine, Google Scholar, CompTox Chemicals, and Web of Science up to May 2022. (3) Results: Sixty-four articles reporting the effects of synthetic cannabinoids in humans were included in our review. Ten original papers and fifty-four case studies were also included. Fourteen studies reported death associated with synthetic cannabinoid use, with AB-CHMINACA and MDMB-CHMICA being the main reported SCs. Tachycardia and seizures were the most common toxicity symptoms. The prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms was higher in third-generation SCs. (4) Conclusion: SCs may exhibit higher toxicity than THC and longer-lasting effects. Their use may be harmful, especially in people with epilepsy and schizophrenia, because of the increased risk of the precipitation of psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Compared to other drugs, SCs have a higher potential to trigger a convulsive crisis, a decline in consciousness, and hemodynamic changes. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify their potential harms and increase the availability of toxicology data in both clinical and research settings.

Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in a pediatric patient with anencephaly, hydrocephalus and epilepsy: Case report

Introduction: a 5-month-old female patient with an intrauterine diagnosis at 5 months of anencephaly plus hydrocephalus with a poor prognosis. Obtained by caesarean section at term. She stayed 4 days in pediatric intensive care and was then discharged. He attended due to a clinical picture characterized by a convulsive crisis at 7:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m. She was hospitalized for 22 days presenting macrocephalus, tension hydrocephalus, external ventricular drain in place, gaze at the rising sun, spontaneous eye opening. She is under sedation and analgesia with infusion of midazolam and fentanyl, connected to mechanical ventilation through an endotracheal tube. Case report: present a complex clinical case where the patient presents anencephaly plus hydrocephalus and epilepsy without evidence of cerebral lobes. Conclusion: anencephaly, hydrocephalus and epilepsy are serious neurological conditions, due to the significant impact that can be present in the life of the person suffering from these medical conditions. It is extremely rare that the patient presents epilepsy and each time the episodes are more violent until the loss of consciousness

Acute adrenal insufficiency revealed by a convulsive crisis

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Epilepsia por dependência de piridoxina: um relato de caso

Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (EDP) is an autosomal recessive disease clinically represented by recurrent seizures. The diagnosis is made by clinical observation, and may be assisted by electroencephalography (EEG) and biochemical and genetic tests. The aim of this work was to report the case of an infant patient with epilepsy due to pyridoxine dependence, using the methods of analysis of clinical history data, physical examination, therapeutic response, with simultaneous laboratory investigation and image analysis. In the face of a neonatal convulsive crisis immune to the instituted anticonvulsants and, with laboratory and imaging exams without changes, the introduction of pyridoxine brought clinical improvement, allowing the discontinuation of the other drugs in use. The reported case reinforces the importance of investigating neonatal seizures for the correct diagnosis and treatment.

Epilepsia por dependência de piridoxina: um relato de caso

Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (EDP) is an autosomal recessive disease clinically represented by recurrent seizures. The diagnosis is made by clinical observation, and may be assisted by electroencephalography (EEG) and biochemical and genetic tests. The aim of this work was to report the case of an infant patient with epilepsy due to pyridoxine dependence, using the methods of analysis of clinical history data, physical examination, therapeutic response, with simultaneous laboratory investigation and image analysis. In the face of a Residência Pediátrica; 2023: Ahead of Print DOI: 10.25060/residpediatr-2023-600 Nota aos leitores: pode haver informações pendentes, por se tratar de um artigo em “visualização pré-publicação”. neonatal convulsive crisis immune to the instituted anticonvulsants and, with laboratory and imaging exams without changes, the introduction of pyridoxine brought clinical improvement, allowing the discontinuation of the other drugs in use. The reported case reinforces the importance of investigating neonatal seizures for the correct diagnosis and treatment.

P17.11.A Experience of ketogenic diet with support of liquid formula 3:1 and high-grade gliomas: Case series

Abstract Background High-grade gliomas, including glioblastoma, are the most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults. Despite the efforts to develop new therapies, treatment options remain limited and the prognosis is poor. Ketogenic diet, is an emerging complementary therapy for high-grade gliomas. It is hypothesized that through the change of the energy source from glucose to ketones and the inability of glioma cells to metabolize ketone bodies with the same ease due to inefficient oxidative phosphorylation, tumor growth is slowed. The feasibility of a ketogenic diet is a matter of concern. Its influence on the quality of life of patients with advanced cancers showing that even though it may cause constipation and reflux, quality of life is generally not affected Material and Methods We reported a case series of patients with high-grade gliomas using ketogenic diet with liquid formula 3:1 ratio (KDS) as a complementary treatment. We describe baseline characteristics, and EORTC-QLQ30 score and symptom evaluation Results We describe the case of 3 patients (2 women and 1 man) with diagnoses of grade 4 glioblastoma (2) and grade 3 oligodendroglioma (1), mean age 46.7 years (38- 56 years), ECOG 1 (2) and ECOG2 (1), gross tumor resection (1 glioblastoma patient), subtotal resection (1 glioblastoma patient), and biopsy (1 oligodendroglioma patient). All patients received radiotherapy, 66.7% (n=2) stupp protocol, and 33.3% (n=1) received hypofractionated therapy and adjuvant treatment with temozolomide. All patients received first line with temozolomide, and 33.3% received a total of four lines of chemotherapy. All the patients were fed orally and managed with KDS at the last progression. Median follow up time was 4 months. KDS didn’t impact corporal weight and a positive impact was noted in seizure episodes (> 3 per day before vs < 3 per day after DKS) and quality of life (EORTC-QLQ30 61,3 [60 - 66,8] at the begining vs 70,9 [69,8 - 71,2] at the last visit). Regarding tolerance, one patient presented diarrhea and/or constipation grade 1 the first 5 days of treatment. Compliance was measured by days with a median adherence of 90%. Current disease status is stable disease (RANO criteria) in the three patients. Conclusion KDS could be an interesting therapy complementary to standard treatment in patients with high grade gliomas, especially in those patients who debut with seizures, improving quality of life and number of convulsive crises. More studies in adult patients are required to confirm this hypothesis

Treatment of Canine Idiopathic Epilepsy - Clinical Picture after Drug Interaction

Background: The large number of diseases demand perennial development of the pharmaceutical industry. The drug-testing phase is essential to make them available safely. Awareness of pharmacological properties, adverse effects and drug interactions is required. Drug interactions are common in veterinary medicine and should be avoided. At times, epileptic seizures require polydrug therapy, predisposing patients to drug interactions. The interaction between carbamazepine and phenobarbital reported in the literature is an example. The aim of this paper is to report a clinical picture of drug interaction in the treatment of idiopathic epilepsy. Case: A 1-year-old Border Collie male dog, was admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras in post-ictal. The tutor reported that a year ago the animal had epileptic seizures and clusters with intervals of 21 to 25 days. Despite the continued use of previously prescribed phenobarbital (7.4 mg/kg, v.o., BID, until new recommendations) and carbamazepine (7.5 mg/kg, v.o., BID, until new recommendations), seizure control was not achieved. The physical examination indicated, tachypnea, ptialism, mydriasis, intense fatigue, and alienation from the environment. The patient did not respond to the threat-reflex test. Blood count, hepatic and renal blood chemistry, serum electrolyte (potassium, sodium, calcium and phosphorus), and phenobarbital dosages were requested. Based on the animal's history, breed characteristics, and alterations in the physical examination associated with normal results in complementary exams, idiopathic epilepsy was diagnosed. After analyzing the case, it was observed that the inefficiency in the control of seizures was possibly due to the drug interaction between phenobarbital and carbamazepine. Carbamazepine and phenobarbital reciprocally reduce their half-lives. To confirm the raised hypothesis, the serum concentration of carbamazepine was gradually reduced through weaning from its dose administered to the patient. Serial dosage of the concentration of phenobarbital in the bloodstream was performed. As a result, the serum phenobarbital, previously dosed at a concentration of 13.3 mg/dL with concomitant administration of carbamazepine, increased to 22 mg/dL 40 days after the beginning of weaning from carbamazepine (T0), and then to 36 mg/dL 100 days after T0. There was an increase in the concentration of phenobarbital in the bloodstream while the serum concentration of carbamazepine declined. The patient spaced out his seizures to every 50 to 60 days with phenobarbital monotherapy at a dose of 6 mg/kg. Discussion: Efficient control of clusters, such as the reduction of seizures by 50%, was only possible due to the meticulous perception of the possible interaction reported in medicine. Carbamazepine and phenobarbital are P450 isoenzyme inducers. The concomitant administration of both drugs potentiated the action of isoenzymes in the hepatic microsomal system, which led to an accelerated metabolic processing of the drugs. After weaning from carbamazepine, that is, reducing the action of carbamazepine on the isoenzymes of the P450 enzyme system, the concentration of phenobarbital normalized at 36 mg/dL. Such concentration is within the reference range reported in the literature: 25 mg/dL to 35 mg/dL of serum phenobarbital for treatment efficacy. Therefore, the control of convulsive crises was achieved. The increase in the concentration of phenobarbital due only to weaning from carbamazepine, even after decreasing the daily dose of barbiturate prescribed to the animal, contributed to evidence of the interaction of these drugs. It is noted that prior knowledge of pharmacological properties, careful study of the patient's history, and the cooperation of the tutor were essential for the therapeutic success and practice of evidence-based veterinary medicine. Keywords: drug interaction, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, P450 enzyme. Título: Tratamento da epilepsia idiopática canina - quadro clínico após interação medicamentosa. Descritores: interação medicamentosa, carbamazepina, fenobarbital, enzima P450.

Systemic Phaeohyphomycosis in a Dog Caused by Cladophialophora bantiana

Background: Cladophialophora bantiana is a dematiaceous fungus that causes phaeohyphomycosis, a generic term used to describe a variety of unusual mycoses caused by fungi that have melanin in their cell wall. C. bantiana targets the central nervous system, commonly causing localized brain infections that may result in disseminated infections. In Brazil, minimal phaeohyphomycosis data are available, and information about C. bantiana infections in animals, especially canines, is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the clinical and pathological aspects of systemic phaeohyphomycosis caused by C. bantiana in a dog.Case: A 1-year-old female Pit Bull presented with weight loss, reduced appetite, and a history of cutaneous lesions on the right thoracic limb; however, clinical evolution was not reported. The dog had reportedly given birth recently. Physical examination revealed thinness, pale ocular and oral mucosa, submandibular lymph nodes, and enlarged popliteal lymph nodes. The animal died after convulsive crises during hospitalization. At necropsy, white-yellowish multifocal nodules were observed in the liver and right kidney. The brain featured left cerebral hemisphere asymmetry with blood vessel congestion in the leptomeninges and an irregular brownish focal area on the surface of the right occipital cortex. Cross-sections of the formalin-fixed brain exhibited compression of the left lateral ventricle and the presence of grayish and friable multifocal areas in the gray matter of the left parietal and right occipital cortices. Fragments of the lesions were collected for histopathological and microbiological examination. Histologically, the lesions were similar, characterized by hepatitis, nephritis, and granulomatous and necrotizing meningoencephalitis, multifocal to coalescing, accentuated, chronic, and associated with numerous pigmented fungi. Fontana-Masson–stained fungi exhibited a strong black color. In cleared and unstained histological slides, brownish pigmentation was observed in the cytoplasm and walls of the fungi. C. bantiana was identified via microbiological cultivation.Discussion: A diagnosis of phaeohyphomycosis caused by C. bantiana was made based on the characteristic morphology of the microscopic lesions and confirmed via isolation in microbiological culture. As numerous species cause phaeohyphomycosis, specific confirmation of the etiologic agent using several diagnostic techniques is necessary. In histopathological examinations, pigmented fungal organisms are easily seen among lesions. However, in some cases, the pigment is not apparent in the tissues. FM staining is necessary to demonstrate the presence of the melanin in fungi. As in most phaeohyphomycosis cases, it was not possible to determine the primary portal of entry. However, the lesion on the right thoracic limb probably favored the penetration of the agent. In addition to cerebral lesions, severe lesions in the hepatic and renal parenchyma were observed, which are characteristic of systemic mycosis. Infection and clinical diseases are usually associated with immunocompromised; here, the gestation period may have had an immunosuppressive effect, favoring the proliferation and dissemination of the agent. It was concluded that phaeohyphomycosis caused by C. bantiana produced severe systemic lesions in the brain and organs of the abdominal cavity. Although uncommon, phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora bantiana should be included as a differential diagnosis for other canine diseases that present with similar clinical symptoms.Keywords: canine, fungal diseases, dematiaceous fungi, Cladosporium trichoides, Xylohypha bantiana, melanin, Fontana-Masson

Cadasil: case report / Cadasil: relato de caso

A 48-year-old patient, male, previously healthy, started migraine with aura at 46 years old of age. After two years, he evolved with the first episode of Ischemic Stroke, with motor and sensory deficit of the left hemibody with partial recovery of symptoms. Stroke protocol and etiological investigation were performed without alterations. Two months later, he presented convulsive crisis requiring the use of medication still for control. It evolved with mild cognitive impairment and depression. Three years later, he had a new episode of stroke, performed Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Skull, evidencing areas of hypersignal in T2/ FLAIR in the poles of the temporal lobes, also diffusely affecting the supratentorial white substance, with small focal alterations of a means suggestive of small ischemic sequelae, also present in the callous body, deep gray substantial and brainstem, of probable vascular nature. Thus, CADASIL (Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) was suspected, requested genetic testing showing alteration in the DNA sequence of the NOTCH-3 gene, Allelo1: t C transition, nucleotide 514; códon 146; exchange of the amino acid cysteine Arginine. Allelo 2: Transition C G, nucleotide 1272; códon 398; no amino acid exchange, confirming diagnostic suspicion. The patient is monitored in the neurology outpatient clinic with multidisciplinary rehabilitation therapy, secondary prevention treatment for stroke, antidepressant medication and topiramate for migraine treatment.

Reflexões acerca das implicações éticas e legais da realização da Electroconvulsoterapia

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), also known as electroshock, is a psychiatric treatment, in which alterations in the electrical activity of the brain are caused, induced by means of passage of electric current under the effect of general anesthesia, with the purpose of inducing a convulsive crisis that lasts around 30 seconds. Treatment is done in sessions and the number of applications is defined by the psychiatrist.

Hemorrhagic strokes in a young adult patient

IntroductionStoke is a growing public health problem in the developed world resulting in more hospitalization and mortality. In young adults stroke is the third most common cause of death world wide and the fourth leading cause of disease burden.ObjectivesThe aim was to describe a case of recovery after two hemorrhagic strokes in a young adult patient.MethodsIt was presented a clinical case and review the current literature showing the pathway of recovery.ResultsA 38-years-old man presented two episodes of hemorrahgic strokes with a lack of 6 months. With history of hypertension, smoking habits and consume of cannabinoid. The first hemorrhagic stroke had sequels of right hemiparesis. It was diagnosed with frontal arteriovenous malformation. In the second episode was submeted to frontoparietal craniotomy with total dissection of the arteriovenous malformation. After surgery he had convulsive crises that remited with valproic and levetirazetan. It did intensive rehabilitation and two months later he recovered totally. In this momente he is functional for daily lactivities, maintained the same treatment and cognitive stimulation.ConclusionsIt is necessary to accomplish for healthy habits in order to prevent strokes in young people. A better prognoses may be related to a urgent and prolonged intervention and reabilitation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Aspiration of dental prosthesis fragment during a seizure: a case report

The presence of foreign body inside the tissues, via air or digestive is the frequent accident, mainly in children, that led to obit. The diagnosis may be confirmed by radiograph, endoscopy, broncospy and nasofaringoscopy. The clinical case refers to aspiration of dental prosthesis after facial traumatism during convulsive crisis. The gravity and rareness of this fact demonstrates odontologic interest, before this picture, the dentist must do the diagnostic and refer the patient refer the patient primarily to treatment.

COVID-19 em Pediatria: Relato de um caso com múltiplas complicações e bom desfecho clínico

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infectious disease that caused the emergence of the new serious global pandemic. The infection in children is much less prevalent than in adults and most cases are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. Severe cases represent less than 1% of the total, therefore information about the disease in this age group is scarce compared to data in older individuals. We exposed a case of a 16-year-old male adolescent with a previous diagnosis of myelomeningocele, hydrocephalus with peritoneal ventricle bypass (PVB), recurrent urinary tract infection, epilepsy, and obesity. The patient presented cough and convulsive crises, which worsened during hospitalization with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2, septic shock, and cardiorespiratory arrest and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for 9 days was required. Also presented several other complications and factors of critical prognosis, such as elevated inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, D-dimer), elevated cardiac troponin, and the necessity of renal replacement therapy. Nevertheless, the clinical outcome was satisfactory and he was discharged after a 40-day stay in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Sinking Skin Flap Syndrome: Cause of Secondary Neurological Deterioration

Introduction: Sinking skin flap syndrome is a rare complication of craniectomy, which is performed as a treatment of severe intracranial hypertension. Cases Reports: The first case is a 55 year old man. Admitted with Glascow score of 13/15, rapid neurological deterioration was noted with a GCS of 9/15, and then anisocoria. CT scan had objectified hemorrhagic contusions, subdural hematoma measured 11 mm and deviation of the median line. The patient was operated with evacuation of the subdural hematoma through a large decompressive craniectomy. In the second month, he presented a cranial deformation with a deepening of the cutaneous plane, with deterioration of the neurological status and a generalized convulsive crisis. The second case is that of a 32 year old man, admitted to the emergency room with 8/15 of GCS with anisocoria. CT scan was showing an 11 mm right subdural hematoma with a hemorrhagic contusion opposite, a 12 mm midline deviation and diffuse cerebral edema. The patient was operated with evacuation of the subdural hematoma through a large craniectomy. The neurological examination after the extubation showed a GCS of 14. Two days later, the patient presented a depression of the right scalp with an aspect of skin flap syndrome on CT scan without significant neurological deterioration. Conclusion: The role of decompressive craniectomy in neurological improvement in still uncertain, and timing of cranioplasty is more debate: early with unclear neurologic status and preventing the skin flap syndrome or delete after final outcome.

Doença de Fahr: relato de caso na adolescência

We present here a case of Fahr’s disease in the pediatric age group. Fahr’s disease is a neurological, degenerative and rare disease, especially in this age group. It differs from Fahrs syndrome, which is associated with infectious pathologies, such as human immunodeficiency virus infection and metabolic causes, such as hypoparathyroidism. In contrast, Fahr’s disease has an idiopathic or familial cause and is related to neuropsychic symptoms. However, the differentiation of these terms is still poorly established in the literature. It has an unknown prevalence and affects individuals of both sexes in any age group, and individuals from the 4th decade are more likely to develop it. It has polygenic etiology being autosomal dominant, characterized by abnormal deposits of minerals, including mainly calcium and phosphate in the basal ganglia. It presents extra-pyramidal, psychiatric and epileptic manifestations. It is an incurable disease with progressive and irreversible evolution. Due to the involvement of the central nervous system, the prognosis is reserved and eventually fatal. The patient in question was MF, 15-years-old, male, with severe holocranial headache and convulsive crisis with findings of calcifications in the base ganglia bilaterally tomography of the skull.

Knowledge transfer and teaching in first aid and prehospital care in the engineering courses

This study’s purpose is to present a case report, developed in a higher education institution in Brazil and centered on spreading knowledge about first aid among a group of Engineering students, offering a perspective of prevention regarding dangers and hazards in general. Was analyzes a project at the Federal University of Technology - Parana involving students in Engineering courses. The central modules approached are basic concepts of first aid; clinical emergency; convulsive crisis, intoxication and sudden onset; fractures, hemorrhage control and immobilization of the injured; and burns, bandages, and transportation of the injured. This research results from the diffusion of theory and practice toward knowledge transfer, teaching, training, and the generation of information about techniques and procedures in first aid.

Educational intervention concerning urgency and emergency in Primary Health Care

Primary health care is considered a component of the fixed prehospital emergency care network and the preferred gateway for first contact with the user. Therefore, the teams of the basic health units need to be able to offer quality care to the patient, facing acute and unforeseen conditions, focusing on reducing morbidity, mortality and sequelae. This study aimed to describe an educational intervention process for basic and advanced life support care for health professionals in the primary care network. This was a descriptive study on an educational intervention process conducted with the multiprofessional team of five basic health units in the city of Maringa, Parana. Initially, a situational diagnosis was made through a questionnaire applied to 57 primary care professionals. From this, the educational intervention was built, which was performed by a training given to 65 professionals from the pre-established units. Regarding the difficulties encountered in urgent/emergency care, the professionals cited the team’s lack of preparation, associated with a lack of training, as the major obstacle. Regarding the topics to be addressed in the training, the participants opted for Cardiac arrest; Foreign Body Airway Obstruction and Convulsive Crisis. The study identified the main difficulties faced by the professionals of the BHU when dealing with health conditions, as well as the issues that they considered deficient in their work practice. This highlights relevancy to perform an educational intervention using a strategy mediated by training.