Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism Research Articles

Association between angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism (rs4343) and susceptibility to gestational hypertension and preeclampsia in pregnant women

Hypertension is the most frequent medical complication of pregnancy, and the most severe clinical presentation of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is preeclampsia (PE). PE is a condition significantly associated with maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The etiology of PE remains unknown. However, it has been found that genetic factors cause a defective immune adaptation, which in turn leads to inadequate trophoblast invasion and inappropriate placenta development. This study involved 30 patients with gestational hypertension (GH), 30 patients with PE and 30 normotensive pregnant women as controls. We aimed to evaluate the association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism (rs4343) and susceptibility to GH and PE. Genotyping for rs4343 polymorphism was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The differences of genotypes and allele frequencies were analyzed as well as the relationship between ACE polymorphism and susceptibility to PE. The GG genotype of ACE gene rs4343 and G allele frequency were significantly associated with increased risk of PE [OR (95% CI) 10.3125 (2.1043 to 50.5388), p=0.004 and OR (95% CI) 3.4714 (1.6352 to 7.3697), p = 0.001, respectively]. Also, G allele frequency was significantly associated with severity of PE [OR (95% CI) 15.5455 (1.8938 to 127.6075), p = 0.011]. However, the GG genotype and G allele frequency were not associated with GH. In conclusion, ACE rs4343 polymorphism may be associated with PE susceptibility and severity but not with GH.

Lung cancer in the older population:Interactive effects of angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism (rs 4340 ID) and tobacco addiction in risk assessment.

rs4340ID polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) correlates with serum ACE levels in many known cancers. This study analyzed ACE rs4340 ID polymorphism in lung cancer (LC) in older patients of North India and correlated it with addiction status. The study enrolled all subjects aged 60 years and above with 154 LC and 205 healthy controls. Genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and validated by sequencing of 10% of the sample. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS Statistics 21. Genotype II was observed to have a significant 2.21-fold increased risk of LC as compared to the DD genotype and 3.43-folds enhanced risk with interaction of I allele with tobacco consumption habits as compared to D allele in LC was seen. The risk of LC was higher with II genotype as compared to DD genotype. Interactive effect showed that I allele with tobacco habits may increase the risk of LC.

Association of angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism with diabetic nephropathy in patients using lisinopril

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in the development and progression of Diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present study was designed to determine the possible association between ACE gene polymorphism and DN. The study included 242 samples: DN (n = 121), type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM2) (n = 60) and control (n = 61). The blood samples were collected from the subjects, followed by DNA extraction. Insertion deletion polymorphism of ACE gene studied using specific primers. Patients using Lisinopril were followed for two months. The ACE genotype distribution in DN patients was as follows: DD (n = 47; 38.84%), II (n = 17; 14.04%) and DI (n = 57; 47.10%). In DM group the genotype distribution was DD (n = 4; 6.66%), II (n = 25; 41.66%) and DI (n = 31; 51.66%) while in control group DD (n = 38; 62.29%), II (n = 1; 1.63%) and DI (n = 22; 36.06%). The comparison of II genotype to DD genotype was reflected by p-value =0.0001, OR=17.28 and 95% CI 5.313-49.58. The percent decrease of micro-albuminuria after two months with the use of Lisinopril 10 mg twice a day in DD, II and DI genotype of DN were 31.27%, 12.37% and 16.81%, respectively. Our findings revealed that DD genotype has strong association with DN but not a risk factor for development of disease.

Association of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme gene polymorphism in anemic patients with regular haemodialysis in Sohag University Hospital

Association of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme gene polymorphism in anemic patients with regular haemodialysis in Sohag University Hospital

Angiotensin I converting enzyme gene polymorphisms and risk of psychiatric disorders

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) as an important enzyme in the renin-angiotensin system facilitates biogenesis of the functionally active product angiotensin II from angiotensin I. ACE gene contains a number of functional polymorphisms which modulate activity of the encoded protein. In the current case–control study, we appraised the association between the rs4359 and rs1799752 polymorphisms and risk of bipolar disorder (type I and type II; BPDI and BPDII), schizophrenia (SCZ) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The rs4359 was associated with risk of OCD, BPDI and BPDII in co-dominant and dominant models. The rs1799752 was associated with all assessed psychiatric conditions in four inheritance models except for BPDII whose association was not significant in recessive model. The I allele of rs1799752 was associated with OCD (adjusted FDR q-Value = 4.04E-04), SCZ (adjusted FDR q-Value = 6.00E-06), BPDI (adjusted FDR q-Value = 8.40E-03) and BPDII (adjusted FDR q-Value = 6.00E-06). The effective T allele of rs4359 showed a significant association with disease risk for BPDII group. The estimated haplotypes of these polymorphisms have been distributed differently among patients and controls. Taken together, ACE polymorphisms can be regarded as risk factors for a variety of psychiatric disorders.

Association between angiotensin I converting enzyme gene polymorphisms and risk of autism in Iranian population

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that are described by substantial complications in social, interactive, and behavioral functions. MethodsIn the current study, we have used a candidate gene approach for appraisal of association between polymorphisms within angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene and risk of ASD. Tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR method was used for identification of rs4359 genotypes. The rs1799752 (I/D) genotypes were defined using two rounds of PCR and electrophoresis. ResultsThe differences in allele distribution of both rs4359 and rs1799752 in the ASD patients versus controls was significant (P = 0.016 and P = 0.0004 by Pearson chi-square test from 2 × 2 contingency tables for allele distribution of rs4359 (T vs. C) and rs1799752 (D vs. I), respectively). The differences in allele distribution was also calculated at gender level between ASD patients and controls by chi-square test. There was no significant difference between female patients and female controls for rs4359 alleles (P = 0.07); moreover, the comparison of allele distribution for rs4359 was not significant for male patients compared with male controls (P = 0.145). The rs4359 was associated with risk of ASD in co-dominant model (TT vs. CC: OR (95% CI) = 1.239 (1.051–1.46), P value = 0.01; TC vs. CC: OR (95% CI) = 1.337 (1.076–1.661), P value = 0.0009). This SNP was associated with ASD in dominant model as well (TT + TC vs. CC: OR (95% CI) = 1.571 (1.154–2.14), P value = 0.004). Moreover, rs1799752 was associated with ASD in all assessed inheritance models (P values = 1.9E-28, 0.000005, 4.6E-18, 1.6E-8 and 3.2E-34 for co-dominant (II vs. DD), co-dominant (ID vs. DD), dominant, recessive and over-dominant models. ConclusionCumulatively, ACE gene might be regarded as a risk locus for ASD in Iranian population.

Assessment of angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism in patients with psoriasis

Psoriatic patients had diversity of clinical presentations and complications. Psoriasis can have significant interference with the patient's quality of life, recovery, and outcome. Some evidences suggest that the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is present in the skin of psoriatic patients. This study intended to assess the patterns of ACE insertion/deletion (ACE ID) polymorphism and the levels of serum ACE among psoriatic patients in comparison to normal controls. The study included two groups: 20 patients with psoriasis and 20 apparently healthy adults with negative family history of psoriasis as a control group. Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) was used to measure of severity of psoriasis. In both groups, ACE ID gene polymorphism was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase reaction and serum ACE levels was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ACE ID genotype was significantly higher among the psoriatic group in comparison to the control group (40.0% versus 15.0%, respectively, p=0.016). D allele was significantly higher among the psoriatic group than the control group (25.0% versus 7.5%, respectively, p=0.034). ACE ID genotype carried significantly higher risk in psoriatic group versus control group (OR=3.8). The D allele carried higher risk in psoriatic group versus control group (OR=4.1). ACE serum levels were significantly higher among the psoriatic group compared to the control group (87.4±7.03 versus 2.3±0.7, respectively; p < 0.001). We concluded that ACE ID gene polymorphism may be considered as a risk factor for developing psoriasis.

Association of the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms with recurrent aphthous stomatitis in the Czech population: case\u2013control study

BackgroundRecurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is multifactorial disease with unclear etiopathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine distribution of the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms and their influence on RAS susceptibility in Czech population.MethodsThe study included 230 subjects (143 healthy controls and 87 patients with RAS) with anamnestic, clinical and laboratory data. Five ACE gene polymorphisms (rs4291/rs4305/rs4311/rs4331/rs1799752 = ACE I/D) were determined by TaqMan technique.ResultsThe allele and genotype distributions of the studied ACE I/D polymorphisms were not significantly different between subjects with/without RAS (Pcorr > 0.05). However, carriers of II genotype were less frequent in the RAS group (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.21–1.12, P = 0.059). Stratified analysis by sex demonstrated lower frequency of II genotype in women (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.09–1.17, P < 0.035, Pcorr > 0.05, respectively) than in men with RAS (P > 0.05). Moreover, the frequency of AGTGD haplotype was significantly increased in RAS patients (OR = 13.74, 95% CI = 1.70–110.79, P = 0.0012, Pcorr < 0.05). In subanalysis, TGD haplotype was significantly more frequent in RAS patients (P < 0.00001) and CGI haplotype was less frequent in RAS patients (P < 0.01), especially in women (P = 0.016, Pcorr > 0.05).ConclusionsOur study indicates that while the AGTGD and TGD haplotypes are associated with increased risk of RAS development, CGI haplotype might be one of protective factors against RAS susceptibility in Czech population.

Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism on patients with in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Purpose: To evaluate the association between common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and the risk of in-stent restenosis (ISR) and/or the response to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ACEI in individuals with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) after stent implantation.&#x0D; Methods: The total population of this study consisted of 200 Egyptian individuals divided into 2 groups - in-stent restenosis (ISR) and non ISR group). Genomic DNA was withdrawn from EDTA whole blood applying a spin column approach and ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).&#x0D; Results: Carriers of allele D of ACE gene were significantly more liable to ISR occurrence. However, carriers of allele I were significantly more liable to ISR occurrence after administration of ACEI. There is a negative interaction between DD genotype of ACE gene and ACEI administration on ISR after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, there is a positive interaction between II and ID genotype of ACE gene and ACEI administration on ISR after PCI with bare metal stents (BMS).&#x0D; Conclusion: It is beneficial to implement ACEI in therapeutic regimen in individuals with ID or II genotypes of ACE gene, especially with BMS implementation.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Association of angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism with survival of extremely low birth weight infants

<h3>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</h3> Оценить связь выживаемости детей с экстремально низкой массой тела, нуждающихся в проведении искусственной вентиляции легких и в инотропной поддержке, с полиморфизмом гена ангиотензинпревращающего фермента (<i>ACE</i> (Ins-Del). <h3>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ</h3> Дизайн исследования<b></b> — контролируемое, проспективное, нерандомизированное, одноцентровое. Критерии включения — новорожденные с экстремально низкой массой тела, гестационный возраст менее 29 недель, искусственная вентиляция легких более 3 суток. Критерии невключения — множественные пороки развития, врожденный порок сердца, гестационный возраст менее 25 недель. В работу включено 88 пациентов с массой тела от 990 до 770 г. Конечная точка — уровень летальности, умерло 12 детей. Основную группу составили 35 пациентов, которым проводилась инотропная поддержка добутамином более 24 ч, группу сравнения — 53 новорожденных с кратковременной инотропной поддержкой добутамином. <h3>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</h3> Статистически значимые межгрупповые различия по частоте выявления генотипов и аллелей гена <i>ACE</i> нами не получены, как не выявлены и преимущества в выживаемости исследуемых недоношенных младенцев с экстремально низкой массой тела, не являющихся носителями мутантной аллели D гена <i>ACE</i> (c²=0,553, <i>p</i>=0,458). <h3>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</h3> Носительство мутантной аллели<b></b> гена ангиотензинпревращающего фермента (<i>ACE</i>(Ins-Del)<i></i> не ассоциировано с выживаемостью новорожденных с экстремально низкой массой тела, нуждающихся в проведении искусственной вентиляции легких и инотропной поддержке.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphisms AND Alzheimer's disease susceptibility: An updated meta-analysis.

Many studies among different ethnic populations suggested that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the results remained inconclusive. In the present meta-analysis, we aimed to clarify the effect of ACE polymorphisms on AD risk using all available relevant data. Systemic literature searches were performed using PubMed, Embase, Alzgene and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Relevant data were abstracted according to predefined criteria. Totally, 82 independent cohorts from 65 studies were included, focusing on five candidate polymorphisms. For rs1799752 polymorphism, in overall analyses, the insertion (I) allele conferred increased risk to AD compared to the deletion (D) allele (I vs. D: OR = 1.091, 95% CI = 1.007-1.181, p = 0.032); while the I carriers showed increased AD susceptibility compared with the D homozygotes (II + ID vs. DD: OR = 1.131, 95% CI = 1.008-1.270, p = 0.036). However, none of the positive results passed FDR adjustment. In subgroup analysis restricted to late-onset individuals, the associations between rs1799752 polymorphism and AD risk were identified using allelic comparison (OR = 1.154, 95% CI = 1.028-1.295, p = 0.015, FDR = 0.020), homozygotes comparison, dominant model and recessive model (II vs. ID + DD: OR = 1.272, 95% CI = 1.120-1.444, p < 0.001, FDR < 0.001). Nevertheless, no significant association could be revealed after excluding studies not in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). In North Europeans, but not in East Asians, the I allele demonstrated increased AD susceptibility compared to the D allele (OR = 1.096, 95% CI = 1.021-1.178, p = 0.012, FDR = 0.039). After excluding HWE-deviated cohorts, significant associations were also revealed under homozygotes comparison, additive model (ID vs. DD: OR = 1.266, 95% CI = 1.045-1.534, p = 0.016, FDR = 0.024) and dominant model (II + ID vs. DD: OR = 1.197, 95% CI = 1.062-1.350, p = 0.003, FDR = 0.018) in North Europeans. With regard to rs1800764 polymorphism, significant associations were identified particularly in subgroup of European descent under allelic comparison (T vs. C: OR = 1.063, 95% CI = 1.008-1.120, p = 0.023, FDR = 0.046), additive model and dominant model (TT + TC vs. CC: OR = 1.116, 95% CI = 1.018-1.222, p = 0.019, FDR = 0.046). But after excluding studies not satisfying HWE, all these associations disappeared. No significant associations were detected for rs4343, rs4291 and rs4309 polymorphisms in any genetic model. Our results suggested the significant but modest associations between rs1799752 polymorphism and risk to AD in North Europeans. While rs4343, rs4291 and rs4309 polymorphisms are unlikely to be major factors in AD development in our research.

Tale of two nephropathies; co-occurring Alport syndrome and IgA nephropathy, a case report

BackgroundAlport Syndrome and IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) are both disorders that can cause hematuria. Alport syndrome is most commonly an X-linked disease, caused by COL4A5 mutation. Mutations of COL4A3 and COL4A4 on chromosome two are also common causes of Alport syndrome. IgAN is the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide. Though IgAN is usually sporadic, an estimated 15% of cases have an inheritable component. These cases of Familal IgA Nephropathy (FIgAN) can have mutations on genes which are known to cause Alport Syndrome.Case presentationWe report a case of a 27-year-old man with strong family history of renal disease, who presented with hematuria and new non-nephrotic range proteinuria. Physical exam showed no abnormalities. His creatinine remained persistently elevated, and renal ultrasound exhibited bilaterally increased echogenicity consistent with Chronic Kidney Disease. Twenty-four-hour urinary collection revealed non-nephrotic range proteinuria of 1.4 g, with otherwise negative workup. On biopsy, he had IgA positive immunofluorescent staining as well as moderate interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Electron microscopy showed a basket-weave pattern of thickening and splitting of the lamina densa-consistent with Alport Syndrome, as well as mesangial expansion with electron-dense deposits -consistent with IgAN.ConclusionsMutations of COL4A5 on the X chromosome, as well as mutations of COL4A3 and COL4A4 on chromosome 2, can cause both Alport Syndrome and FIgAN. Genome wide association studies identified certain Angiotensin Converting Enzyme gene polymorphisms as independent risk factors for progression of IgAN. Our Presentation with this co-occurring pathology suggests a new paradigm where Alport Syndrome and FIgAN may represent manifestations of a single disease spectrum rather than two disparate pathologies. Appreciating hematuria through this framework has implications for treatments and genetic counseling. Further genome wide association studies will likely increase our understanding of Alport Syndrome, FIgAN, and other causes of hematuria.

Relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to sepsis

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome caused by the host reaction disorder induced by infection, which leads to serious organ function damage. Sepsis is a serious disease with high mortality, which is the main reason of death caused by infection. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) is one of the most common genetic variants in human, and is closely related to the genetic susceptibility, early diagnosis, disease development and prognosis of sepsis. This article makes a review on the relationship between CD14, Toll like receptor (TLR), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukins (IL-1 and IL-6), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and other gene polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility of sepsis, in order to affect in sepsis on the early prediction, diagnosis, and treatment.

Association between angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The current meta-analytic study explored the relation between ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D), and the risk of EH by reviewing relevant trials so as to determine the association between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism and essential hypertension (EH) susceptibility. Methods: Relevant studies published before May 2019 were collected from the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, CNKI, VANFUN, and VIP databases. Results: Fifty-seven studies involving a total of 32,862 patients were included. These studies found that ACE gene D allele was associated with higher EH susceptibility in allelic model, homozygote model, dominant model, and regressive model, and that Asian population with ACE gene D allele showed a higher EH susceptibility in all these models. Moreover, ACE gene D allele was found closely related to a higher EH susceptibility in the subgroups of HWE, NO HWE, Caucasian population, and Mixed population, with the majority being males in allelic model, homozygote model, and regressive model and the majority being females in allelic model. Conclusion: ACE gene D allele is associated with an overall higher EH susceptibility, which is confirmed in the subgroup analysis of Asian population, HWE, NO HWE, Caucasian population, and Mixed population.

Assessment of angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism in preeclampsia mothers of Bangladesh

The study aimed to assess the association of ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms with the susceptibility for preeclampsia in Bangladesh. It was a case-control study involving 220 subjects (100 preeclamptic and 120 normal pregnant women). The ACE (I/D) genotyping was done using the conventional PCR method. Overall, the frequency of ACE II genotypes was significantly (p<.05) higher in normal pregnant women than the preeclamptic women. The pregnant mother with DD genotype was at 3.43-fold higher risk (OR = 3.43; p<.01) of developing preeclampsia while pregnant mother with ID genotype was at lower risk (OR = 1.32; p>.05). On the other hand, patients having either DD or ID genotypes showed 1.9 fold (OR = 1.90; p>.05) increased risk of developing preeclampsia compared to the control group but not statistically significant. This study suggested that ACE (DD) genotypes may have strong associations with the occurrence of preeclampsia. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? The study was conducted among 100 preeclamptic and 120 normal pregnant women. The preeclamptic patients were diagnosed by protein in urine and high blood pressure. The normal pregnant women were selected with no known complications. What the results of this study add? Overall, the pregnant mothers with DD genotype were at 3.43-fold higher risk of developing preeclampsia while pregnant mothers with ID or II genotypes were at a lower risk. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? ACE (I/D) gene would be a biomarker of early diagnosis of preeclampsia and also be helpful to intervene in personalised medicine and gene therapy as a novel treatment of preeclampsia.

Meta-analysis of the relationship between the polymorphism of ACE and TNF-α gene and the susceptibility of sarcoidosis

Objective To evaluate the relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and tumor necrosis factors-α (TNF-α) gene polymorphism and sarcoidosis. Methods Meta analysis was carried out by retrieving the studies published up to July 2018 to evaluate the relationship between ACE and TNF-α gene polymorphism and sarcoidosis. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software were used to analyze the combined OR value and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) by recessive model and dominant model. The stability of the results was judged by ethnic subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. Results A total of 28 articles and 30 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 7 888 cases, 2 992 cases of sarcoidosis and 4 896 healthy controls. No significant association was found between ACE I/D and sarcoidosis using any model (P>0.05). TNF-α-308A/G was significantly associated with sarcoidosis risk (OR=1.34, 95% CI=1.13-1.58, P=0.0007). Ethnic subgroup analysis showed that the results were significantly different in both the Caucasians (OR=1.36, 95% CI=1.13-1.64, P=0.001) and the Asians (OR=4.88, 95% CI=1.43-16.99, P=0.01). Conclusions The meta-analysis identified that AA/AG genotypes at TNF-α-308 were associated with susceptibility to sarcoidosis .However, no significant correlation was found between ACE I/D and the susceptibility of sarcoidosis. Key words: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Angiotensin-converting enzyme; Gene polymorphism; Sarcoidosis; Meta-analysis

Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism on hypertension in Africa: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

BackgroundHypertension is dramatically increasing in Africa with evidence of increased severity and resistance to treatment. Although angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism is associated with higher prevalence of hypertension, the evidence is inconclusive on its influence on the emerging pattern in Africa. This meta-analysis is conducted to pool the available evidence to inform future research and interventions.MethodsArticles published through May 2018 were systematically searched in PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE databases. Studies were assessed for inclusion by two independent researchers. Six models were used to assess the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme deletion-insertion gene polymorphism. Heterogeneity and publication bias were tested and sensitivity analysis was carried out. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were measured for pooled effect. Both random effect and fixed effect models were used, whilst the frequency of DD, II and DI genotypes were computed and compared.ResultPatients with D allele were 1.49 times more likely to develop essential hypertension compared with patients who carry the I allele (OR:1.49; CI:1.07, 2.07). Similarly, patients who had homozygous co-dominance genotype DD (i.e., DD vs II) were at a 2.17 times higher risk of essential hypertension compared to the co-dominant genotype II (OR:2.17, CI:1.79, 3.18), dominant model (I.e., DD+ID vs II) (OR:1.48; CI:1.03, 2.12), and recessive model (OR:1.64; CI:1.03, 2.61). On subgroup analysis, participants from Sub-Saharan Africa were more genetically susceptible to hypertension compared to their North Africa counterparts. There was no publication bias found, but there was high to moderate heterogeneity.ConclusionACE I/D polymorphism is associated with essential hypertension in Africa in the allele contrast model, as well as the dominant, recessive and homozygous codominance model. On subgroup analysis, ACE I/D was associated with essential hypertension in patients from Sub-Saharan Africa but not in North Africa. A future large scale study, which includes different ethnic groups, is recommended.

Distribution of angiotensin converting enzyme gene (insertion/deletion) polymorphism in Indian populations

The present study was carried out to understand the pattern of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism (rs4646994) among five ethnic groups of Punjab (North-West India), and other culturally and linguistically different Indian population groups. A total of 1012 unrelated individuals belonging to Banias, Brahmins, Jat Sikhs, Khatris and Scheduled Castes were genotyped for Alu ACE gene I/D polymorphism. ID genotype was observed to have highest frequency among all the studied population groups except among Scheduled Castes. The frequency of insertion (I) allele was higher in all the studied groups as compared to the frequency of deletion (D) allele, except in Brahmins. Out of the 10 possible pairwise comparisons, four population combinations show remarkable difference. Furthermore, on comparing these five ethnic groups with other Indian populations, discrepancy was observed in the allele frequency distribution, which can be accounted for variations in sample size, study design, geographical location and diverse ethnic background.

A0939 The relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and hypertension

Objectives: The human angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene is often found in the stool Chromosome 17q23, according to a 287 bp sequence located in its intron 16 column exists or not, divided into insert (¢ñ) and deletion (D) alleles Gene. There are three genotypes included II, ID, DD. The ACE gene polymorphisms have been suggested to be linked to increase risk of hypertension. However, the results are still controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis is to further confirm the relationship between ACE gene and hypertension with different genders. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and so on from their commencement to Oct. 2017 with free text word and MeSH by using these search terms as follows: “hypertension”, “blood pressure”, “ angiotensin converting enzyme “, “polymorphism”. Thirty studies involved 8317 patients were enrolled. Results: We got the conclusions. Compared with the Chinese normotensive patients, hypertensive patients were with higher expression of DD gene[odds ratio (OR) = 1.56; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.23, 1.98, P = 0.0002], normotensive patients with higher expression of II gene (OR = 0.79; 95%CI: 0.70, 0.90, P = 0.0002).Considering for the differences of gender in foreigners, there is no significant difference among the three genotypes. In Chinese population, the DD gene in female hypetensive patients was higher expression than normotensive patients (P = 0.04). However, the II gene in male hypertensive patients was higher expression than normotensive patients (P = 0.003). Conclusion: In the general population, the DD gene in the ACE gene polymorphism is more susceptible to hypertension. Additionally, this trend also exists in the chinese female hypertensive patients, but the trend disappeared in chinese males hypertensive patients.

A0944 The relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and hypertension

Objectives: The human angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene is often found in the stool Chromosome 17q23, according to a 287 bp sequence located in its intron 16 column exists or not, divided into insert (¢ñ) and deletion (D) alleles Gene. There are three genotypes included II, ID, DD. The ACE gene polymorphisms have been suggested to be linked to increase risk of hypertension. However, the results are still controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis is to further confirm the relationship between ACE gene and hypertension with different genders. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and so on from their commencement to Oct. 2017 with free text word and MeSH by using these search terms as follows: “hypertension”, “blood pressure”, “ angiotensin converting enzyme “, “polymorphism”. Thirty studies involved 8317 patients were enrolled. Results: We got the conclusions. Compared with the Chinese normotensive patients, hypertensive patients were with higher expression of DD gene[odds ratio (OR) = 1.56; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.23, 1.98, P = 0.0002], normotensive patients with higher expression of II gene (OR = 0.79; 95%CI: 0.70, 0.90, P = 0.0002).Considering for the differences of gender in foreigners, there is no significant difference among the three genotypes. In Chinese population, the DD gene in female hypetensive patients was higher expression than normotensive patients (P = 0.04). However, the II gene in male hypertensive patients was higher expression than normotensive patients (P = 0.003). Conclusion: In the general population, the DD gene in the ACE gene polymorphism is more susceptible to hypertension. Additionally, this trend also exists in the chinese female hypertensive patients, but the trend disappeared in chinese males hypertensive patients.