Convergent Divergent Validity Research Articles

Turkish adaptation of the fear of cancer scale: validity, measurement invariance and reliability study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Turkish cultural and psychometric properties of the cancer fear scale developed by Feng et al. This methodological study was conducted between January and April 2024 with students from a university in eastern Turkey. Data were collected from two different sample groups (sample 1:350, sample 2:245). Personal information form and cancer fear scale were used. In the adaptation process of the scale, language validity, content validity, construct validity, and reliability were examined. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance and convergent-divergent validity were used to determine construct validity. Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient, test-retest and corrected item-total correlation were used for reliability. According to the results of exploratory factor analysis, it was determined that the fear of cancer scale had a two-factor structure with factor loadings between 0.58 and 0.70. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis performed on the two-factor structure of the fear of cancer scale, it was determined that the model goodness-of-fit indices were acceptable and had an excellent fit. It has been determined that measurement invariance findings across genders support configural, metric and scalar invariance. The Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient of the fear of cancer scale was 0.93, and the corrected item total correlation values were between 0.45 and 0.73. The Turkish version of the fear of cancer scale was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Escala de Autoeficácia Docente para o uso de metodologias ativas: validade baseada em critério externo

Abstract Objective To examine evidence of convergent-divergent validity evidence based on the relationship with external variables for the Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale for the use of Active Methodologies. Method This exploratory cross-sectional study investigated correlations between Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale for the use of Active Methodologies and factors from two other instruments: Well-Being at Work Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory. A total of 317 professors from different public and private Brazilian universities who use active methodologies participated in this study. Results Teacher self-efficacy was found to be positively correlated with positive affect, achievement/expressiveness and professional achievement and it was negatively correlated with negative affect and emotional exhaustion, showing a significant but weak correlation. According to the path analysis model, personal and professional achievement was predictive of teachers´ self-efficacy to foster active learning. Conclusion The scale is considered to have adequate validity evidence based on the relationship with external variables, and can be used in research in the Brazilian framework.

Development and psychometric properties of a measurement to ascertain the impact of genitourinary symptoms on health-related quality of life in menopausal women: the Cervantes-GSM questionnaire.

The Cervantes-GSM questionnaire is a novel tool currently being developed to examine the impact of genitourinary symptoms on health-related quality of life in adult women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). A literature review and cognitive debriefing were conducted in women with GSM, which provided the basis for creating a draft questionnaire. This draft version was pilot-tested to check participant comprehension and ease of completion. The initial draft was then refined to obtain a 15-item version with five domains whose initial psychometric properties were analyzed in 130 adult women with GSM. The psychometric properties tested in this study were factorial structure, feasibility, reliability, and construct validity. The Cervantes-GSM 15-item questionnaire consists of five domains: vulvovaginal symptoms, urinary symptoms, psychological (emotions), interference with daily activities, and sexuality. The instrument was shown to be feasible and easy to complete, regardless of age or educational level. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach α = 0.88). Construct validity was supported by convergent-divergent validity showing higher correlation coefficients between items in their own domain (>0.70) than with the other items and domains in the questionnaire. Cervantes-GSM also showed known group validity with significant differences in total score and most domains (13-20 points, P < 0.01) regardless of whether women chose local treatment of their genitourinary symptoms. This study presents a novel questionnaire capable of assessing health-related quality of life in menopausal women with GSM. The tool has shown acceptable preliminary psychometric properties, including feasibility, factor structure, construct validity, and internal consistency.

Convergent-Divergent Validity and Correlates of the Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging Domain Scales in the MsFLASH Vaginal Health Trial

IntroductionClinical research and management of postmenopausal vaginal symptoms have been limited by the lack of validated measures for assessing symptom impact. AimTo evaluate convergent-divergent validity of the Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging (DIVA) questionnaire among postmenopausal women with moderate-to-severe vulvovaginal symptoms and identify demographic and clinical factors associated with greater symptom impact. MethodsWe examined baseline data from postmenopausal women with moderate-to-severe vulvovaginal itching, pain, irritation, dryness, or pain with intercourse in a randomized trial of vaginal estradiol, moisturizer, or placebo. In addition to completing the DIVA questionnaire, participants rated the severity of their most bothersome vulvovaginal symptom, underwent assessment of vaginal pH and epithelial cytology, and completed other self-report measures including the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-8 for depression (PHQ-8). Main Outcome MeasureThe main outcome measures were the unadjusted correlations and multivariable-adjusted associations with 4 DIVA domain scales designed to assess symptom impact on day-to-day activities, sexual functioning, emotional well-being, and body image/self-concept on a scale of 0 to 4. ResultsAmong 301 women, we detected moderately strong correlations between the DIVA emotional well-being scale and PHQ-8 scores (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] = 0.39) and strong correlations between the DIVA sexual functioning scale and FSFI and FSDS scores (r > 0.50). No significant correlations were detected between any DIVA scales and vaginal pH or epithelial cytology. In adjusted linear-regression analyses, greater vulvovaginal symptom severity was associated with worse DIVA scores for emotional well-being, sexual functioning, and self-concept/body image (average 0.3- to 0.5-point higher DIVA score for each 1-point difference in vulvovaginal symptom severity). Depression symptoms were associated with worse DIVA scores for activities of daily living and emotional well-being (0.2- to 0.4-point higher DIVA score for each 5- point worsening of PHQ-8 score). Women reporting recent sexual activity had lower symptom impact on sexual functioning and self-concept/body image domains (−0.3- to −0.4-point lower DIVA score with weekly sexual activity). Clinical ImplicationsFindings suggest that the impact of postmenopausal vaginal symptoms on functioning and well-being is greater in women with co-morbid depression symptoms and less frequent sexual activity, independent of symptom severity. Strengths & LimitationsStrengths include the multicenter sample and wide array of measures. Results may not generalize to women with mild symptoms. ConclusionOur results support the construct validity of the DIVA questionnaire for clinical practice and research and indicate that depression and lower frequency of sexual activity are markers of greater impact of postmenopausal vaginal symptoms on multiple dimensions of functioning and quality of life.Hunter MM, Guthrie KA, Larson JC, et al. Convergent-Divergent Validity and Correlates of the Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging Domain Scales in the MsFLASH Vaginal Health Trial. J Sex Med 2020;17:117–125.

Extraversion and reward-processing: Consolidating evidence from an electroencephalographic index of reward-prediction-error

Trait extraversion has been theorized to emerge from functioning of the dopaminergic reward system. Recent evidence for this view shows that extraversion modulates the scalp-recorded Reward Positivity, a putative marker of dopaminergic signaling of reward-prediction-error. We attempt to replicate this association amid several improvements on previous studies in this area, including an adequately-powered sample (N = 100) and thorough examination of convergent-divergent validity. Participants completed a passive associative learning task presenting rewards and non-rewards that were either predictable or unexpected. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses confirmed that the scalp recorded Reward Positivity (i.e., the Feedback-Related-Negativity contrasting unpredicted rewards and unpredicted non-rewards) was significantly associated with three measures of extraversion and unrelated to other basic traits from the Big Five personality model. Narrower sub-traits of extraversion showed similar, though weaker associations with the Reward Positivity. These findings consolidate previous evidence linking extraversion with a putative marker of dopaminergic reward-processing.

Escala de sentimientos y emociones en las redes sociales e internet (SERSI): Fiabilidad y validez

Las emociones compartidas en las redes sociales e internet (RSI) tienen gran resonancia en quien las publica y recibe, produciéndose una respuesta denominada Social Sharing Emotional. No hay instrumentos de evaluación para el constructo emocional positivo-negativo y su relación con el uso de las Redes sociales e internet. Objetivos: (1) diseñar una escala-screening de sentimientos y emociones positivas y negativas y aplicarlo a una muestra representativa de la población; y (2) analizar las propiedades psicométricas de dicha escala. Se trabajó con 2842 participantes de 12-21 años, 1763 (62.7%) de 12-16 y 1379 chicos (48.5%), seleccionados aleatoriamente de los centros educativos del País Vasco. Se utilizaron un conjunto de tests psicométricos para el análisis de validez convergente-divergente. La escala comprende ocho ítems con dos dimensiones, una positiva y otra negativa. Resultados: la prevalencia severa en el estado emocional positivo y negativo oscila entre 46.5%-67.9% y 23.4%-87.4% y respectivamente. La fiabilidad fue α=.79 para emociones positivas y α=.63 para negativas, con puntuaciones test-retest de los ítems entre r=.78 y .88. Los análisis de correlación de Pearson con las variables estudiadas demuestran la validez convergente-divergente de la escala. Los baremos discriminan qué tipo de emociones propician mayor riesgo de uso de RSI. Es una escala con propiedades psicométricas rigurosas.

Portuguese validation of the Psychological Entitlement Scale

IntroductionPsychological entitlement can be conceived as a disposition to believe that one deserves or is entitled to more than others. This pervasive sense has a wide impact on social behaviour, namely undesirable social outcomes. Given these theoretical implications on self-concept and interpersonal functioning, Campbell and Bonacci developed a shorter questionnaire of the Psychological Entitlement Scale (PES) to evaluate this construct by reducing from the original version from 57 to 9 items.ObjectiveTo investigate the psychometric properties of Psychological Entitlement Portuguese version.MethodsA community sample composed of 286 university students (69.2% females; mean age = 21.09 ± 2.133; range: 17–33) answered the Portuguese preliminary versions of the PES, of the Dirty Dozen and of the honesty-humility dimension from the HEXACO-100.ResultsThe PES Cronbach alpha was “very good” (a = 0.75). Following Kaiser and Cattel Scree Plot criteria, only one factor was extracted (explained variance = 35.46%), meaning that the scale is unidimensional. Pearson correlation coefficient of between PES and narcissism (r = 0.36), psychopathy (r = 0.21) and Machiavelism (r = 0.24) were positive, moderate and significant (P &lt; 0.01). Pearson correlation between PES and honesty-humility was negative, moderate and significant (r = −0.43 P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsThe Portuguese version of PES present good internal consistency and convergent-divergent validity. Because we consider that psychological entitlement reflects a stable disposition, it is our intent to analyze PES temporal stability within the ongoing research project on the relationship between perfectionism and other personality traits. PES could be very useful both in clinical and research contexts.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Assessing suicide risk with the Clinical Interview for Psychotic Disorders (CIPD): Preliminary reliability and validity of the Suicide Risk Scale for Psychosis (SRS-P)

BackgroundSuicide risk is an important variable to consider both in assessment and throughout the therapeutic process in psychotic disorders. The SRS-P is an 18-item scale computed from the patient and clinician-rated scores obtained in the CIPD. The scale comprises lifetime assessment of depressed mood, anhedonia and its current interference and severity, current and past feelings of hopelessness, suicidal ideation, ‘voices’ about suicide, and suicide-related behaviors.AimsTo assess reliability and convergent validity of the SRS-P in a sample of participants with psychosis.MethodsThe sample comprised 22 participants (68.2% male), single (72.7%), between 19 and 47 years old (M = 31.05; SD = 7.088), with 4–17 years of education (M = 11.77; SD = 3.176), employed (50%). The most prevalent diagnosis was schizophrenia (68.2%) and the participants had a mean of 1.90 hospitalizations (SD = 2.548). The mean age of illness onset was 23.57 years (SD = 5.555). The participants were assessed with the CIPD, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-21, Forms of Self-Criticism and Reassurance Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, Other as Shamer Scale and the Empowerment with Psychotic Symptoms Scales.ResultsThe SRS-P has shown good reliability (α = .87) and validity in relation to depressive symptoms (r = .67; P = .001), anxiety (r = .74; P &lt; .001), stress (r = .59; P = .004), inadequate self (r = .43; P = .046), hated self (r = .54; P = .009), reassured self (r = –.65; P = .001), self-compassion (r = –.63; P = .002), shame (r = .46; P = .033) and empowerment regarding positive symptoms (r = –.54; P = .015).ConclusionsThe SRS-P presented adequate reliability and convergent-divergent validity. Further studies are planned in order to test the factorial structure of the scale and confirm the presented results in a larger sample.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Improving Major Depressive Episode Assessment: A New Tool Developed by Formal Psychological Assessment.

Aim: Major depressive episode (MDE) can manifest with different features. Discriminating between different types of MDEs is crucial for proper treatment. The aim of this study is to propose a new tool for MDE assessment in bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) to overcome some limitations of current rating scales. The proposed tool investigates all of the clinical features of different MDEs and gives qualitative information, differentiating patients with the same score but different symptoms and psychopathology severity. To achieve this purpose authors used a new methodology called Formal Psychological Assessment (FPA). FPA allows creating relations between the items of an assessment tool, and the set of diagnostic criteria of a given clinical disorder. In the application at hand, given the capability to analyze all clinical features, FPA appears a useful way to highlight and differentiate between inhibited and agitated depressive symptoms.Method: The new tool contains 41 items constructed through 23 clinical criteria from the DSM-5 and literature symptoms. In line with FPA, starting from a set of items and a set of clinical criteria, a Boolean matrix was built assigning to each item its own set of clinical criteria. The participants include 265 in the control group and 38 patients with MDE (diagnosed with MDD or BD) who answered the QuEDS. After 1 month, 63 participants performed the test again and 113 took the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale to analyze convergent—divergent validity.Results: The scale showed adequate reliability and validity. A hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis highlighted the presence of three sub factors (affective, somatic, and cognitive) and one high-order factor (depression).Conclusions: The new tool is potentially able to inform clinicians about the patients' most likely diagnostic configuration. Indeed, the clinical state of a patient consists of the subset of items he/she answered affirmatively, along with his/her subset of specific symptoms. Qualitative information is fundamental from a clinical perspective, allowing for the analysis and treatment of each patient according to his/her symptoms in an effective way.

Effect of four monthly doses of a human monoclonal anti-FGF23 antibody (KRN23) on quality of life in X-linked hypophosphatemia

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by lower extremity deformities that lead to bone and/or joint pain that result from decreased renal tubular reabsorption leading to hypophosphatemia caused by elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). ObjectiveValidate the use of SF-36v2 Health Survey (SF-36v2) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) to measure previously unstudied health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in XLH patients and determine the change in HRQoL before and after treatment with KRN23, a human monoclonal anti-FGF23 antibody. MethodsTwenty-eight adult outpatients with XLH received up to four doses of KRN23 administered subcutaneously every 28days. General HRQoL was measured with the SF-36v2 and condition-related HRQoL with the WOMAC at baseline and study endpoint as a secondary outcome of a Phase 1/2, open-label, multicenter, dose-escalation trial. ResultsTesting for scale discriminant validity and convergent-divergent validity supported the use of these scales in the assessment of HRQoL in XLH. Both instruments indicated impairment of physical function at baseline with all mean scores showing a trend to improved health at study endpoint compared to baseline. When corrected for multiple comparisons, the score for Role Limitations due to physical health on the SF-36v2 which measures the patient's perception of their own chronic functional impairments due to poor physical health remained significantly improved (P<0.05), increasing to the mean score of US adults. For the WOMAC, Physical Functioning and Stiffness scores were significantly improved (P<0.05). ConclusionKRN23 administration was associated with significantly improved patient perception of their Physical Functioning and Stiffness due to their disease. This study demonstrates that the SF-36v2 and WOMAC are valid tools for assessing HRQoL in XLH.

The Resiliency Scale for Young Adults

The Resiliency Scale for Young Adults (RSYA) is presented as an upward extension of the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (RSCA). The RSYA is based on the three-factor model of personal resiliency including mastery, relatedness, and emotional reactivity. Several stages of scale development and studies leading to the current RSYA are described that provide construct validity (i.e., internal consistency, confirmatory factor analyses, and convergent–divergent validity) support for the three-factor structure and 10 subscales of this measure for young adults who are attending college. This work is a step in a longer-term project of translating the constructs of personal resiliency for application across the life span.

Metric qualities of the cognitive behavioral assessment for outcome evaluation to estimate psychological treatment effects.

BackgroundCognitive behavioral assessment for outcome evaluation was developed to evaluate psychological treatment interventions, especially for counseling and psychotherapy. It is made up of 80 items and five scales: anxiety, well-being, perception of positive change, depression, and psychological distress. The aim of the study was to present the metric qualities and to show validity and reliability of the five constructs of the questionnaire both in nonclinical and clinical subjects.MethodsFour steps were completed to assess reliability and factor structure: criterion-related and concurrent validity, responsiveness, and convergent–divergent validity. A nonclinical group of 269 subjects was enrolled, as was a clinical group comprising 168 adults undergoing psychotherapy and psychological counseling provided by the Italian public health service.ResultsCronbach’s alphas were between 0.80 and 0.91 for the clinical sample and between 0.74 and 0.91 in the nonclinical one. We observed an excellent structural validity for the five interrelated dimensions. The clinical group showed higher scores in the anxiety, depression, and psychological distress scales, as well as lower scores in well-being and perception of positive change scales than those observed in the nonclinical group. Responsiveness was large for the anxiety, well-being, and depression scales; the psychological distress and perception of positive change scales showed a moderate effect.ConclusionThe questionnaire showed excellent psychometric properties, thus demonstrating that the questionnaire is a good evaluative instrument, with which to assess pre- and post-treatment outcomes.

Birinci Basamak Değerlendirme Ölçeğinin(Primary Care Assessment Tool)hizmetten yararlananlar için Türkçe erişkin sürümünün psikometrik özellikleri/

Objective: To explore the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the “Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT-TR). Methods: The results of this study represent 279,000 residents who were registered in 79 Family Health Centers of the Manisa city center. The sample selection used multistage cluster sampling from 80 clusters (n=800). A confirmatory approach and SEM modeling were used during both reliability (internal consistency) and validity (structural validity, such as known groups validity; convergent-divergent validity and confirmatory factor) analyses. Data analyses were done by using SPSS 15.0 and Lisrell 8.05 softwares for univariate parametric and non-parametric tests; multivariate analyses and confirmatory factor analysis were employed during statistical analyses of this study. Results: Mean age was 40.33 ± 13.85 with a female percentage of 76.7. Chronbach alpha values were also found satisfactory (0.80-0.90) for all domains and subdomains of the PCAT except for three subdomains: Coordination (information system), First contact care (access) and Comprehensiveness (service provided). CFA revealed RMSEA :0.10, CFI:0.84 (full model); and for the derivative subdomains the CFA model generated RMSEA as 0.12, and CFI as 0.88. Conclusion: PCAT can be used to evaluate the performance of PHC services in Turkey. The results of the ongoing and following studies are expected to reach some more information about further reliability and validity of the Turkish PCAT. Keywords: Primary care assessment, PCAT, Turkish.

Validity and reliability of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale among Turkish elderly people

We translated the original 17-item Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale (PGCMS) into Turkish and examined its validity and reliability to determine whether it may used as a tool to measure quality of life (QOL) in a Turkish elderly sample people. The sample included 398 participants aged 65 years living in institutions. Participants who were cognitively impaired (Abbreviated Mental Test score less than 7) or who could not answer questions for other reasons were excluded. Preliminary analysis was conducted to investigate multicollinearity, univariate and multivariate outliers, normality, item difficulty and discriminatory power of individual items. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the structure of the PGCMS. By means of convergent-divergent validity, correlations between PGCMS and Turkish SF-36, correlations between PGCMS and social support scores, and correlations between PGCMS and hopelessness scores were investigated. Reliability was based on internal consistency investigated by Kuder-Richardson-20 (KD-20) and item-total correlation. By means of multicollinearity, we deleted two items. Neither univariate nor multivariate outliers were found. No items showed skewness and kurtosis value greater than recommended. A model containing 15 of the PGCMS items was found to fit Turkish data perfectly. We identified three underlying factors including agitation, attitude toward own aging, and lonely dissatisfaction similar to original PGCMS's three-factor solution. There were strong correlations between PGCMS's subscales. The correlations with the physical and mental domain in SF-36, correlations between PGCMS and social support, and correlation between PGCMS and hopelessness supported construct validity. We found satisfactory evidence of internal consistency (KD-20 was 0.92 for total PGCMS and it ranged from 0.76 to 0.85 for subscales in the PGCMS) with item-total correlations ranging from 0.39 to 0.73. The PGCMS is a valid and reliable quality of life measure in elderly Turkish people.

Quality of life in patients with lower limb ischemia; revised suggestions for analysis

Quality of life (QoL) is a crucial outcome measure in patients with lower limb ischemia (LLI). The Short Form 36 (SF36) has been proposed as the gold standard instrument for generic QoL analysis in patients with LLI. The Short Form 8 (SF8) was developed from the SF36 and we aim to compare these two instruments in terms of validity, reliability, and responsiveness. One hundred ninety-three patients, 135 men and 58 women, median age 66 (range, 44-84) years with LLI completed the SF36 and the SF8. Disease severity was graded according to International Society of Cardiovascular Surgery (ISCVS) suggested reporting standards. Correlation between the two instruments' like domains and non-like domains reflects convergent and divergent validity respectively. A subgroup of 58 patients (44 men) completed two sets of questionnaires, with an intervening period of 2 weeks. Correlation between these two sets of questionnaires was used to analyze test/retest reliability. Spearman's rank correlation was used to analyze validity and reliability. Responsiveness of the individual domains across the whole group was analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, while responsiveness between the groups of patients with varying severity of LLI was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. There was greater correlation between like domains of SF36 and the SF8 than the non-like domains suggesting good convergent-divergent validity. Test/retest reliability was significant for both instruments (r(s) > 0.7). Increasing LLI resulted in a statistically significant deterioration in all eight domains of both instruments. The time taken was significantly shorter and less assistance was required to complete the SF8 than the SF36. The SF8 is a valid and reliable QoL instrument in patients with LLI, and as it is simpler and quicker to complete, we suggest it may challenge the SF36 as the gold standard generic QoL analysis instrument in LLI.

Assessing the Validity and Responsiveness of Disease-specific Quality of Life Instruments in Intermittent Claudication

Purpose To recommend a suitable disease-specific quality of life (QOL) instrument for use in intermittent claudication (IC) based on validity and responsiveness. Methods Seventy claudicants completed two generic (SF36 and EUROQOL) and three disease-specific (CLAUS, VASCUQOL and SIP IC) QOL instruments prior to and 6 months after treatment (angioplasty or conservative therapy). Ankle brachial pressure indices and treadmill walking distances were measured at each assessment and International Society of Cardiovascular Surgery (ISCVS) recommended outcome measures were used to stratify the results. Construct and convergent-divergent validity was assessed for the three disease-specific QOL instruments. Responsiveness was assessed using effect sizes (effect size >0.5 is clinically significant). Results All clinical indicators improved significantly following treatment. All five domains of CLAUS, the VASCUQOL and SIP IC showed highly significant spearman correlation with intermittent claudication distance (ICD) and maximum walking distance (MWD) (0.267–0.697, p=0.01), suggesting good construct validity. There was greater correlation between like domains of CLAUS and SF36 than non-like domains suggesting good convergent-divergent validity. Pain domain of CLAUS and VASCUQOL could detect mild clinical improvement significantly (effect sizes 0.55 and 0.67). Pain and everyday life domain of CLAUS and the VASCUQOL could detect moderate clinical improvement significantly (effect sizes 0.7, 0.74 and 0.56, respectively). Conclusion The three disease-specific QOL instruments (CLAUS, VASCUQOL, SIP IC) showed a high degree of construct and convergent-divergent validity. Amongst the three disease-specific QOL instruments, the VASCUQOL was most responsive and we would recommend its use in clinical practice.

Validación de las versiones españolas de los cuestionarios Parents’ Index of Quality of Life in Atopic Dermatitis (PIQoL-AD) y Quality of Life Index for Atopic Dermatitis (QoLIAD): un estudio internacional

Abstract—Background. The Quality of Life Index for Atopic Dermatitis (QoLIAD) and the Parents' Index of Quality of Life in Atopic Dermatitis (PIQoL-AD) have been developed recently for use in adult patients with atopic dermatits (AD) and parents of pediatric AD patients, respectively. Objective. To assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish versions of both questionnaires. Methods. QoLIAD and PIQoL-AD were administered in an observational, multicentre, prospective (2 visits) study which included adult AD patients (group 1) and parents of pediatric AD patients (group 2). The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Psychological General Well-Being Index (IBP) were also administered. Ceiling and floor effects, internal and test-retest reliability, convergent-divergent validity, and known groups validity were assessed for both questionnaires. Results. Group 1 included 83 patients and group 2 included 153 parents. For both questionnaires, ceiling and floor effects ranged between 0% and 9.2%, Cronbach's alpha values were over 0.87 and Spearman correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability ranged between 0.88 and 0.90. Correlation coefficients among target questionnaires and validated instruments were 0.79 (QoLIAD-IBP), 0.76 (QoLIAD and DLQI) and 0.52 (PIQoL.AD and IBP). QoLIAD scores were lower in patients reporting a worse overall health and self-perceived severity; while PIQoL-AD scores were lower in patients reporting a worse overall health. QoLIAD scores were worse in adult patients whose face were affected; while PIQoL-AD scores were worse in patients whose hands were affected. Conclusions. The Spanish versions of the QoLIAD and PIQoL-AD questionnaires have shown a satisfactory reliability and validity for use in this population.

The Reliability and Validity of the Icelandic Parent Development Inventory for Children from 36 Months to 72 Months

The construction of a 190-item developmental inventory for 36-72 month children based on parental report is described. In a sample of 508 mothers (Study 1), alpha-coefficients ranged from r = .72 to r = .90 for the eight subtests. A series of principal components analyses of the subtests' standardized total scores at three age levels revealed two components in each case, one verbal and one motor. The two components accounted for 62.6% (36-47 month olds), 63.3% (48-59 month olds), and 64.3% (60-72 month olds) of the variance of the eight subtests' standardized total scores. In a separate investigation of 27 mother-child dyads (Study 2), the inventory's subtests revealed satisfactory convergent-divergent validity when correlated with subscales of the Griffith's Mental Development Scale.

Different methodologies in the assessment of identity: Congruence between self-report and interview techniques?

Convergent-divergent validity and reliability estimates for clinical interview and self-report measures of ego identity were obtained. Twenty-three males and 25 females completed an extended version of the Ego Identity Interview [H. D. Grotevant, W. Thorebecke, and M. C. Meyer (1982) "An Extension of Marcia's Identity Status Interview into the Interpersonal Domain,"Journal of Youth and Adolescence 11: 33-48] and the extended version of the Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status [H. D. Grotevant and G. R. Adams (1984) "Development of an Objective Measure to Assess Ego-Identity in Adolescence: Validation and Replication,"Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 13: 419-438]. While the two measures were expected to converge, little convergence was observed. The findings suggest that the two measures may be (a) assessing relatively distinct forms of ego identity, or (b) that the ego-identity construct as measured by the process (exploration) and outcome (commitment) dimensions needs further theoretical examination.