International Convergence Of Accounting Standards Research Articles

The comparison of revenue recognition under IFRS 15, ASC 606, PSAK 72 and its implementation on revenue recognition of PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk

The convergence of International Accounting Standards achieved through the full adoption of IFRS by DSAK is PSAK 72 Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which came into effect on January 1, 2020. Based on this, the author examines whether there are differences between IFRS and US GAAP and PSAK. This article discusses only the differences between IFRS, US-GAAP and PSAK in revenue recognition, specifically the differences between IFRS, US-GAAP and PSAK in presentation, recognition, measurement and disclosure.

Testando o Triângulo de Cressey no contexto da convergência às normas internacionais de contabilidade: um estudo empírico sobre comportamento ético de profissionais de contabilidade

The aim of this study was to verify how the accounting professional is positioned in relation to moral dilemmas involving torts and Triangle Cressey in the exercise of their professional activity in the convergence to international standards of accounting environment. We sought to identify which components of the triangle and which individual characteristics influence the intention of this act professional. We also assessed whether there was flexibility in the choice of accounting practices brought about by the convergence of international accounting standards. The results corroborate the model shown in Cressey in that it suggested that the proposed scenarios accounting professionals would take advantage of a moment of exchanging the firm to make adjustments that will benefit the Company's results (Opportunity), trying to justify this procedure because it is a common practice in the market (Rationalization), trying to turn something into something unethical acceptable. It was verified that the variables act of judgment and severity of the act were also statistically significant in relation to the intention to act the accounting professional. Have the flexibility not statistically significant.

STANDAR AKUNTANSI INTERNASIONAL: HARMONISASI VERSUS KONVERGENSI

<p><em>Globalization brings changes to the capital markets and business operations across borders. State sector in a multinational company is required to make financial reports that can be received throughout the world, but in every country have their own accounting standards are of course different between a country's accounting standards with other countries. For it requires the international accounting standards, so that financial disclosures made by a company in a country multinational globally acceptable. Application of international accounting standards is very difficult because of differences in both legal, environmental, social and economic conditions between one country to another and to bridge it then requires the process of harmonization and convergence. There is a difference between the process of harmonization and convergence of international accounting standards. Only at the stage of harmonization, alignment of accounting standards issued by standard-setting bodies in each country with International Accounting Standard (IAS), while convergence is the next stage of the harmonization of accounting standards which are expected in the context of international standards aimed at eventually there would be only one standard. The process of harmonization and convergence of international accounting standards is not easy to just run, many obstacles and criticisms of the process of harmonization and convergence in which the harmonization and convergence is only suitable for large companies are multinational companies rather than small and medium enterprises, although there are also advantages that can be obtained from the harmonization and convergence of international accounting standards, among others comparable financial reporting, increase transparency, reduce costs and increase global investment capital. </em></p> <p><em> </em></p> <p><strong><em></em></strong><em></em></p>

Business and Compliance Audit with Mandatory Disclosure level During the Convergence of International Accounting Standards in Brazil

The aim of this study was to establish the variables that influence the level of minimal disclosure of open Brazilian companies during the initial period of harmonization with international accounting standards in Brazil. Under the methodological aspect, the study is qualitative-quantitative, of a descriptive type. The target population included non-financial Brazilian companies that are listed on Bovespa's IBRX index. The final sample consisted of 78 companies. Data were obtained from the financial statements and notes issued by the companies in 2008 and 2009 through the Economática database and the CVM website. We used a minimal disclosure index that was made up of 72 items related to pronouncements and technical guidelines issued by the Accounting Pronouncements Committee (APC) to define the level of minimal disclosure of each sample company. Qualitative data was processed by means of a content and quantitative analysis using the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) technique and the Generalized Linear Models (GLM) technique. The main results show that the size of audit firms, internationalization, the level of corporate governance and the debt levels influence significantly the level of minimal disclosure of the companies. That finding suggests that public companies of the sample audited by the big four feature better quality in the disclosure of accounting information that those companies audited by other independent audit firms.Key words: Accounting harmonization. External audit. Accounting information. Disclosure.

Study on Rational Application of eXtensible Business Reporting Language

Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) has developed rapidly since its birth as one of accounting information processing standards and the latest technology. The governmental departments (including finance, taxation, business and other institutions), listed companies, famous software companies, academic institutions and other professions are paying more and more attention to the research in the finance information field by using XBRL. Related projects, academic conferences and discussion have been initiated to study its application and benefit. This has, in turn, lead to a new research applications upsurge in the field of accounting information management. However, the phenomenon that the advantages of XBRL were magnified is also apparent. In order to spread and apply XBRL, it is vital to objectively understand its advantages and limitations of XBRL, to constantly explore its applicable areas, and to have a good working knowledge of how it can be further developed. Being a business reporting language with many advantages, XBRL is not 100% perfect. There is still a huge distance between XBRL and the ideal network business reporting language. Based on system analysis on the research of XBRL in China and the research data samples selected from the Listed Companies in China Shanghai Stock Exchange from 2005 to 2006, the test demonstrated that the present enterprise does not obtain the superior earnings from the XBRL application, thus those enterprises cannot become the prime promoter of XBRL application. Currently, the shortcomings and performance bottlenecks in XBRL application are: Firstly, XBRL can only solve the problem in data performance format, but cannot fix the problem for the main reason for the existence of a multi-report form system and in the disclosure of information. Secondly, as there are many different systems and bodies of Taxonomy, the use of XBRL to compare and analyze accounting information in cross-regional or cross-country is not meaningful. Even in the same country, a number of organizations based on different Taxonomy will face the same problem when comparing financial and accounting information. Finally, there are inherent flaws of XBRL, such as large data storage capacity demand, inefficient implementation and excessive reliance on network security. It is bound to put enormous additional construction IT costs to companies, and may lead to ‘IT investment black hole’. Based on the research above, this paper proposes some methods and direction to solve or alleviate the problems this study found and questioned. In the research developing process of XBRL, if the problem questioned in this paper can obtain effective solutions, we can believe that this technology will bring significant changes to the accounting profession. XBRL will become the promotional power of convergence of international accounting standards. Finally, not only will it make the enterprises’ accounting information reporting mechanized, standardized and transparent, but it will also reduce the risk of fraud in accounting to a certain extent.

Optional accounting criteria under IFRSs and corporate characteristics: evidence from spain

The adoption of the IFRSs by EU member States in 2005 represents one of the most relevant events that have taken place to achieve the convergence of international accounting standards. In this article, we examine the annual reports of the groups listed on the Spanish Continuous Market that adopted IFRSs in 2005 in order to determine the optional accounting criteria they apply under IFRSs and, secondly, identify corporate characteristics affecting these choices. Because there are important differences across countries as a consequence of different institutional frameworks, the mandatory IFRSs adoption is an opportunity to analyze its economic effects. The main finding of this study is that Spanish groups apply the most conservative criteria to limit the number of changes they introduce related to the previous local GAAP, particularly in regards to presentation and measurement options. Additionally, we find that corporate characteristics such as industry, return on equity, size and type of audit firm (Big Four vs. non-Big Four) influence the choice of accounting methods used to prepare their financial statements. The analysis of these results provides a basis for discussion between responsible international standard setters (such as IASB and FASB) and regulators to work towards the convergence's goals.