Conventional Sequencing Batch Reactor Research Articles

Combined recovery of polyhydroxyalkanoates and reclaimed water in the mainstream of a WWTP for agro-food industrial wastewater valorisation by membrane bioreactor technology

The present study investigated the combined production of reclaimed water for reuse purposes and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from an agro-food industrial wastewater. A pilot plant implementing a two-stage process for PHA production was studied. It consisted of a mainstream sequencing batch membrane bioreactor (SBMBR) in which selection of PHA-accumulating organisms and wastewater treatment were carried out in, and a side-stream fed-batch reactor (FBR) where the excess sludge from the SBMBR was used for PHA accumulation. The performance of the SBMBR was compared with that of a conventional sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating the same wastewater under different food to microorganisms’ ratios (F/M) ranging between 0.125 and 0.650 kgCOD kgTSS−3 d−1. The SBMBR enabled to obtain very high-quality effluent in compliance with the relevant national (Italy) and European regulations (Italian DM 185/03 and EU, 2020/741) in the field of wastewater reclamation, whereas the performances in the SBR collapsed at F/M higher than 0.50 kgCOD kgTSS−1d−1.A maximum intracellular storage of 45% (w/w) and a production yield of 0.63 gPHA L−1h−1 were achieved when the SBMBR system was operated with a F/M ratio close to 0.50 kgCOD kgTSS−1d−1. This resulted approximately 35% higher than those observed in the SBR, since the ultrafiltration membrane avoided the washout of dispersed and filamentous bacteria capable of storing PHA.Furthermore, while maximizing PHA productivity in conventional SBR systems led to process dysfunctions, in the SBMBR system it helped mitigate these issues by reducing membrane fouling behaviour. The results of this study supported the possibility to achieve combined recovery of reclaimed water and high-value added bioproducts using membrane technology, leading the way for agro-food industrial wastewater valorization in the frame of a circular economy model.

Low‐Volatile Binder Enables Thermal Shock‐Resistant Thin‐Film Cathodes for Thermal Batteries

Manufacturing thin‐film components is crucial for achieving high‐efficiency and high‐power thermal batteries (TBs). However, developing binders with low‐gas production at the operating temperature range of TBs (400–550 °C) has proven to be a significant challenge. Here, we report the use of acrylic acid derivative terpolymer (LA136D) as a low‐volatile binder for thin‐film cathode fabrication and studied the chain scission and chemical bond‐breaking mechanisms in pyrolysis. It is shown LA136D defers to random‐chain scission and cross‐linking chain scission mechanisms, which gifts it with a low proportion of volatile products (ψ, ψ = 39.2 wt%) at even up to 550 °C, well below those of the conventional PVDF (77.6 wt%) and SBR (99.2 wt%) binders. Surprisingly, LA136D contributes to constructing a thermal shock‐resistant cathode due to the step‐by‐step bond‐breaking process. This is beneficial for the overall performance of TBs. In discharging test, the thin‐film cathodes exhibited a remarkable 440% reduction in polarization and 300% enhancement in the utilization efficiency of cathode materials, while with just a slight increase of 0.05 MPa in gas pressure compared with traditional “thick‐film” cathode. Our work highlights the potential of LA136D as a low‐volatile binder for thin‐film cathodes and shows the feasibility of manufacturing high‐efficiency and high‐power TBs through polymer molecule engineering.

Real-time control suitable for feed distribution strategy based on ammonia introduced in SBR sub-cycle: Field experience and validation for pilot-scale single-stage deammonification

Feed distribution based on ammonium introduced in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was applied to a 24 m3 single-stage deammonification to treat reject water. With field experience, the conventional SBR exhibited limited adaptability to fluctuations in influent load. This study proposed a new approach capable of coping with the influent fluctuations. The pH and alkalinity were clustered as factors that affect the NRE, which was related to the ammonium behavior in the SBR sub-cycle. To establish the real-time control, the pH value, which has the highest correlation with them, was applied. In the SBR feeding phase, their variations rather than pH values were useful in predicting the ammonium behavior. This was formulated so that the reject water in the anoxic and aerobic phases was introduced semi-continuously. In the aerobic phase, the pH was suitable for determining the partial nitritation break-point. Its efficacy was verified in a pilot. A stable NRE of 90 ± 2.1 % was achieved even though the influent nitrogen fluctuated from 508.0 to 744.9 mg/L. In addition, as the SBR parameters (HRT, aerobic cycle, and exchange ratio) were optimized in real-time, the nitrogen removal rate further improved by 0.15 kg/m3/d.

高強度・高耐久性・高耐摩耗性を示す水添SBRの開発

In recent years, performance requirements for tires have led to sophisticated and complex due to technological changes in the automotive industry, such as electrification, and the trend toward further reduction of environmental impact to realize a sustainable society. Responding to these new market demands, we have developed a new hydrogenated SBR (HSBR). This HSBR shows significant improvement in tensile strength, ozone durability, and wear resistance compared with conventional SBR.

Optimization of a sequencing batch reactor with the application of the Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) technology was applied to the operation of the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process to increase nitrogen removal and tackle the disturbances caused by the inflow fluctuations. To cope flexibly with the fluctuations in the inflow load, the time required for settling and discharging (TRSD) was reduced by inventing an automatic mechanical decanter, operated by monitoring the height of the sludge blanket layer and the concentration of suspended solid (SS) in the supernatant. The average TRSD of the automatic mechanical decanter was 1 hr, which was reduced by 27–59% compared to the conventional SBR processes treating domestic wastewater. Increasing the bio-reaction time with reduced TRSD allows improved performance while maintaining the overall cycle time of the SBR processes. Nitrogen removal was enhanced by feeding the influent in two steps in an 8:2 ratio while monitoring nitrogen ions in the bioreactor. The total nitrogen (T-N) removal of the step-feed modes was 92–93%, while that of the single-feed modes was 82–88%. Although the average time required for the bio-reaction steps increased by 51 min in the step-feed mode under the same temperature condition (13–16 °C), the total cycle time of the SBR process did not exceed 6 hr/cycle due to the reduced TRSD. By applying IoT technology, reliable operation of the SBR and improved T-N removal were achieved.

Effects of sponge iron dosage on nitrogen removal performance and microbial community structure in sequencing batch reactors

The application of sponge iron (SI) carriers can improve the biochemical treatment performance of sequencing batch reactors (SBR) during wastewater treatment. This study used SBR reactors to explore the effects of SI dosage on the nitrogen removal performance and reactor stability and microbial community structure under low temperature and ultra-low load. In contrast to conventional SBR, the average removal rate of total nitrogen (TN) in the biological sponge iron system (BSIS) was increased by 5.38 % for 45 g/L, 18.93 % for 90 g/L, and 13.52 % for 135 g/L, respectively. The nitrogen removal performance and reactor stability showed the best performance under the SI dosage of 90 g/L. The addition of SI formed the anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic microenvironments, which facilitate the propagation of denitrifying bacteria (Saccharimonadales, Hydrogenophaga) and iron bacteria (Rhodoferax and Acinetobacter) in the BSIS. This study provides a new insight on the application of SI in the wastewater treatment.

Nitrogen removal performance and rapid start-up of anammox process in an electrolytic sequencing batch reactor (ESBR)

In this study, the electrolytic sequencing batch reactor (ESBR) with different current densities was constructed to investigate the nitrogen removal performance and rapid start-up of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process. The changes of total nitrogen removal rate (TNRR), specific anammox activity (SAA) and nitrogen concentration under different current densities were analyzed, and then the effect of the optimal current density on the start-up of anammox in ESBR was explored. The results showed that ammonium nitrogen removal efficiency (92.7%), nitrite nitrogen removal efficiency (15.5%) and total nitrogen removal efficiency (28.1%) were obtained with the TNRR and SAA were 0.0118 g N L−1 d−1 and 0.0050 g N (g Vss d)−1, respectively under the optimal conditions (i.e., current density = 0.10 mA cm−2, temperature = 36 °C and pH = 7.6). In addition, the stoichiometric ratio indicated that anammox was initiated successfully for 91 days in ESBR with the current density of 0.10 mA cm−2, which was shortened by 10 days compared with the conventional SBR without current density. These results suggest that an array of rapid start-up processes of anammox can be developed through applying current density to stimulate the activity of anammox bacteria (AnAOB).

Start-up strategies to develop aerobic granular sludge and photogranules in sequential batch reactors

In this study, start-up strategies to develop conventional aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and algal aerobic granular sludge (AAGS) (photogranules), were investigated. The granulation experiment was conducted in four sequencing batch reactors (SBR), of which two were conventional SBRs (RC1, RC2) used as control, and two were photo-SBRs (R1, R2). R1 and RC1 were operated with a 40-min feeding during the reactors´ anaerobic cycle period, whereas R2 and RC2 with a 60-min feeding. All the reactors were operated in two phases with a C:N = 4:1 in Phase I and 8:1 in Phase II. In Phase I, AGS in RC1 and RC2 was formed 15 days before the AAGS development in R1 and R2. However, the AAGS generally presented better stability and higher diameter. On the other hand, AGS presented greater abundance of extracellular polymeric substances producing organisms, such as Xanthomonadacea and Rhodocyclaceae. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH4+-N removal efficiencies were similar in all the four reactors of approximately 70% and 60%, respectively. In this phase, despite the good biomass structure, the reactors were not able to completely oxidize the high influent concentration of NH4+-N (100 mg.L−1) and COD (400 mg.L−1). This can be associated to the short time of the aerobic phase and low biomass content. In Phase II in all the reactors, a good increase in COD and NH4+-N removal efficiencies to values above 95% and 93%, respectively, was achieved under a higher C:N ratio of 8 with lower influent concentration of NH4+-N (50 mg.L−1). The 60-min anaerobic feeding period in R2 and RC2 resulted in greater removal efficiency of nitrogen, confirming that small variation on cycle periods can affect the biomass composition; the biomass presented more compact granules and larger diameters under 60 min-feeding when compared with those obtained with 40 min-feeding in Phase I.

Fate of Emerging Contaminants in an Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge Plant

Conventional sewage treatment techniques have shown low removal efficiency for emerging contaminants (ECs). Hence, more efficient treatment systems need to be investigated. The current study suggests that an Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge Process (IFAS) could be one such alternative. The degradation of eight ECs in municipal sewage has been studied during the transition of a pilot IFAS plant to a steady state and compared with the removal of the eight ECs in a conventional sequencing batch reactor (SBR)–based sewage treatment plant at a steady state. In the six weeks before attaining a steady state, the outlet total biochemical oxygen demand, total chemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids (TSS) decreased from 42 to 10 mg/L, 96 to 26 mg/L, and 38 to 10 mg/L, respectively. The suspended biomass concentration, hydraulic retention, and return sludge rate of the plant were 1,600 mg/L, 6.9 h, and 175% of inflow, respectively. During the transition to a steady state in the IFAS plant, the removal efficiency of Caffeine, Gemfibrozil, and Testosterone was found to increase by 41% (15%–56%), 26% (63%–89%), and 65% (19%–84%) respectively, due to enhanced biological degradation. The SBR was found to be more efficient in the removal of ECs, which could be due to the higher concentration of suspended biomass.

Deployment and Optimisation of a Pilot-Scale IASBR System for Treatment of Dairy Processing Wastewater

Increased pressure is being applied to industrial wastewater treatment facilities to adhere to more stringent regulations for the discharge of treated wastewater and to improve energy efficiency of the process. Nitrogen and phosphorous removal can be challenging to achieve efficiently, and in the case of phosphorous removal, can often necessitate the use of chemicals. There is a major drive globally to improve wastewater treatment infrastructure, whilst simultaneously reducing the carbon footprint of the process. The intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor offers a modification of the well-known sequencing batch reactor process that can enable lower energy requirements than conventional sequencing batch reactor processes and can facilitate enhanced nutrient removal capacities. However, to date much of the previous literature has focused on relatively short laboratory-scale trials (often with synthetic wastewater) which may not be representative of larger scale system performance. This study explored the intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor technology via a case-study deployment at a dairy production facility, in terms of treatment efficiency and energy efficiency with a focus on optimisation between phases. High treatment capacity and operational flexibility was achieved with NH4-N removals averaging >89%, PO4-P removal averaging >90% and total suspended solids removal averaging >97%. This research demonstrates the characteristics of intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor technology at scale to effectively achieve biological nutrient removal. In addition, this study demonstrated that when effectively managed, energy savings and reductions in carbon emissions in the region of 36–68% are achievable through optimisation of reactor operation.

Upgrading sequencing batch reactor using attached biofilm

A conventional sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was upgraded using fixed biofilm carriers with a specific surface area around 18m2 m-3 . The upgraded SBR was investigated to remove phenol from high strength wastewater operated under various operational conditions. The operational conditions used were variable volume exchange ratio (VER) up to 75%, hydraulic retention time (HRT) from (10.7-21.3hr), aeration time (from 2 to 8hr), and initial phenol concentration up to 600mgL-1 . It was found that the upgraded SBR increased the removal efficiencies of biological oxygen demand (BOD5 ), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS) by about 10% using high strength wastewater without phenol compared to SBR. Furthermore, the removal rate of phenol for the upgraded SBR was higher than conventional SBR by about 18% at 600mgL- of initial phenol concentration under the same operational conditions. Compared to the conventional SBR, the upgraded version reduced the aeration step by 25% and achieved higher removal efficiency of phenol. Moreover, it reduced the excess sludge by about 23% and enhanced its properties by lowering the sludge volume index (SVI) by about 33%. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Upgrading conventional SBR by adding biofilm carriers is necessary for wastewater treatment with high strength wastewater. The upgraded SBR has a higher resistance toward phenol compound due to the presence of the attached biofilm. The upgraded SBR enhances sludge settling properties, decreases the amount of excess sludge, and also reduces the start-up period. The number of cycles per day by upgraded SBR was more than the conventional SBR by 15%. The upgraded SBR is an effective system and has good operational stability.

A Bioreactor Designed for Restricting Oversize of Aerobic Granular Sludge

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) with oversized diameter commonly affects its stability and pollutant removal. In order to effectively restrict the particle size of AGS, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a spiny aeration device was put forward. A conventional SBR (R1) and an SBR (R2) with the spiny aeration device treating tannery wastewater were compared in the laboratory. The result indicates that the size of the granular sludge from R2 was smaller than that from R1 with sludge granulation. The spines and air bubbles could effectively restrict the particle size of AGS by collision and abrasion. Nevertheless, there was no significant change in mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and the sludge volume index (SVI) in either bioreactors. The removal (%) of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) in these two bioreactors did not differ from each other greatly. The analysis of biological composition displays that the proportion of Proteobacteria decreased slightly in R2. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis revealed less accumulation of Fe and Ca in smaller granules. Furthermore, a pilot-scale SBR with a spiny aeration device was successfully utilized to restrict the diameter of granules at about 300 μm.

Effect of calcium addition to aerobic granular sludge systems under high (conventional SBR) and low (simultaneous fill/draw SBR) selection pressure

This paper investigated the effect of calcium addition on the formation and properties of aerobic granules under high (conventional SBR) and low (simultaneous fill/draw SBR) selection pressure. Additionally, the simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and the operational stability were assessed. The conventional SBRs showed earlier granule development (20 days) than the simultaneous fill/draw SBRs. The effect of calcium on granulation was more accentuated in conventional SBRs, forming larger granules in a shorter interval of time due to the higher EPS production. Additionally, higher amounts of calcium were found in the EPS matrix, mainly during the formation of granules. The operation regime and the addition of calcium did not affect the removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. However, they both influenced the granulation time, settleability characteristics, size, and granule composition.

Comparison between the performance of activated sludge and sequence batch reactor systems for dairy wastewater treatment under different operating conditions

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of operating conditions on the performance of two methods used for dairy wastewater treatment. First, conventional activated sludge (AS). Second, conventional sequencing batch reactor (SBR). On one side, the study included the comparison between the two basic systems. On the other side, it studied the influence of adding plastic media on both systems. The modified systems are known as biofilm conventional activated sludge (BAS) and biofilm sequencing batch reactor (BSBR). Four pilot-scale bioreactors, were operated in parallel under different conditions of temperature; 20, 35 and 45 °C. Synthetic dairy wastewater was used with characterizations of COD; 5000 mg/l, NH3-N; 250 mg/l and TP; 50 mg/l. The results recorded that the optimum temperature was 35 °C where removal efficiencies for COD were (93.52%, 96.63%, 94.74% and 97.79%), (89.01%, 91.14%, 90.45% and 93.22%) for NH3-N, and the concentration of NO3-N in effluents was (7.56 mg/l, 10.58 mg/l, 8.72 mg/l and 14.12 mg/l) for AS, BAS, SBR and BSBR respectively. At temperature equals to 45 °C; the oxygen consumption recorded the highest level of consumption, it was (1.07 mg/l, 1.64 mg/l, 0.98 mg/l and 1.23 mg/l) for AS, BAS, SBR and BSBR respectively. The results indicated that the sludge settleability was enhanced with the decrease of temperature. Furthermore GPS-X simulator was employed to predicting the performances of the biological systems under high COD concentrating reaching up to 17500 mg/l. GPS-X results indicated that SBR effluent could comply with Egyptian standard NO 2000. An overview, comparing with various treatment systems, it can be concluded that the SBR was the optimum treatment method for dairy wastewater based on the investigated conditions.

Study on silica-based rubber composites with epoxidized natural rubber and solution styrene butadiene rubber

Carbon black has been replaced with silica as a reinforcing filler in tire tread compounds. This change has led to lower rolling resistance and improved hysteretic losses of so-called “green tires.” However, the dispersion of silica in the rubber matrix is an important issue due to the poor compatibility of hydrophilic silica with a hydrophobic rubber matrix. Recently, some rubbers with polar functional groups that can interact with silica have been studied to improve the interaction in silica-filled rubber composites. In this work, we fabricated the silica-filled rubber composites with solution styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and evaluated their properties in a silica-containing rubber formulation compared to conventional SBR and NR. The silica-embedded polar rubber matrix exhibits remarkable enhancement in the modulus, tensile strength, and abrasion properties due to an efficient dispersion of the silica and improvement of interfacial interactions with the rubber matrix. The polar rubber composite exhibits an enhanced dry and wet braking and improved rolling resistance due to the improved dispersion of the silica in the rubber matrix. These results show that rubber composites prepared with polar rubbers have great potential for tire engineering applications.

Iron-enhanced primary sedimentation and acidogenic sludge fermentation to achieve self-sufficient organic carbon supply for enhanced nutrient removal in wastewater treatment✰

To treat municipal wastewater with a low carbon to nitrogen ratio, the addition of an external carbon source is often needed to achieve enhanced nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removal. To meet this need, this research developed an innovative strategy for reserving and utilizing organic pollutants to achieve a self-sufficient organic carbon supply for wastewater treatment. In the new system, before biological treatment by a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), Fe-based chemically enhanced primary sedimentation (CEPS) was used to reserve part of the organics from the wastewater in the CEPS sludge. By acidogenic fermentation in the side-stream, the settled organics in the CEPS sludge were converted into volatile fatty acids and other soluble organics to provide a suitable carbon source for denitrification in the anoxic phase of the SBR. The experimental results showed that the new SBR system integrated with CEPS and acidogenic sludge fermentation removed up to 89% of the total phosphorus (TP) and 83% of the total nitrogen (TN) from the wastewater. Compared with the conventional SBR system, TP and TN removal was increased by more than 65% and 50%, respectively. As well as increasing nutrient removal efficiency without the need for external carbon addition, the Fe-based CEPS greatly reduced the organic load on the SBR biological treatment process, reducing the aeration cost. Overall, a cost-effective wastewater treatment process is developed that can be used to upgrade existing wastewater treatment plants to improve the nutrient removal performance and meet more stringent discharge standards.

Removal of Nutrients From Anaerobically Digested Swine Wastewater Using an Intermittent Cycle Extended Aeration System.

Swine wastewater contains high concentrations of organic compounds, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), heavy metals, and residual antibiotics, amongst others, that have negative impacts on the water environment. The main aim of this work was to remove nutrients from anaerobically digested swine wastewater using an intermittent cycle extended aeration system (ICEAS). The effects of operational parameters such as cycle time, organic loading rate, C/N ratio, and aeration/mixing ratio on the pollutant removal efficiencies of ICEAS were studied and compared with the performance of a conventional sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The following optimal conditions were obtained: cycle time, 6 h; organic loading rate, 0.86 kg COD m−3 day−1; C/N ratio, 2.49–2.82; and aeration/mixing ratio, 1.57. The pH was maintained in the range of 6.0–8.0. The total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium (NH4+), total phosphorus (TP), and color removal efficiencies of ICEAS were higher than those of the conventional SBR, with removal efficiencies of 95.22, 88.29, 97.69, 85.81, and 97.84%, respectively, compared to 94.34, 81.16, 94.15, 77.94, and 96.95%, respectively, observed in the SBR. TOC, TN, NH4+, TP, and the color removal efficiencies of ICEAS were higher by 0.88, 7.13, 3.54, 7.87, and 0.95%, respectively, than the conventional SBR. The good results from this study show that ICEAS is a promising technology for the removal of organic contaminants and nutrients from anaerobically digested swine wastewater and that the effluent water quality meets the Vietnamese discharge standard (QCVN 62-MT:2016/BTNMT) for swine wastewater effluents.

Effect of increasing organic loading rate on the performance of conventional and modified sequencing batch reactors. (Dept. C)

A modified sequencing batch reactor (MSBR) was developed by installing six fiber vertical plates of specific surface area of 180 cm2/ L in conventional sequencing batch reactor (SBR), which designed for supporting the biofilm formation and increasing the system efficiency. In this study, the effect of increasing the organic loading rate of 281.25 g COD/m3. d by 33%, 67%, and 100 % on the performance of SBR and MSBR was investigated. The effluent BOD5, COD and TSS of the MSBR at high organic loading rate was 20, 32 and 27 mg /L, respectively, while for conventional SBR was 34, 58 and 45 mg /L, respectively. The total bio-sludge of MSBR was more than that of conventional SBR by about 30% resulting in a reduction of the F/M value. The sludge volume index (SVI) in MSBR was lower than that of conventional SBR by about 33%. MSBR system was able to treat municipal wastewater with high performance.

Application of isolated halophilic microorganisms suspended and immobilized on walnut shell as biocarrier for treatment of oilfield produced water

Salinity expressed as total dissolved solids (TDS), is the most challenging parameter in bioremediation of produced water which may inhibit the microbial activities and cause sedimentation problems. The present study explores the feasibility of using walnut shell as an inexpensive and accessible adsorbent-carrier for the immobilization of isolated halophilic microorganisms for treatment of synthetic oilfield produced water. The moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was examined with influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations from 900 to 3600 mg L−1, TDS concentrations from 35,000–200,000 mg L−1, and cycle times from 24 to 72 h. Comparison of the MBBR with the conventional sequencing batch reactor (SBR) indicated that both systems operated at lower influent COD and TDS concentrations satisfactorily; but at higher TDSs (above 150,000 mg L−1) the MBBR was more resistant to the shocks of toxicity (salinity) and organic load relative to the SBR. Also, the effluent turbidity was lower and the free sludge settling property was more favorable in the MBBR with average sludge volume index (SVI) of 38.8 mL g−1 compared to the SBR with SVI of 98.09 mL g−1. Microbial identification confirmed the presence of eight dominant halophilic species which were hydrocarbon degraders and/or denitrifiers.

Removal of High Levels of Cyanide and COD from Cassava Industrial Wastewater by a Fixed-Film Sequencing Batch Reactor

The fixed-film sequencing batch reactor, or F-SBR, was developed to treat high organic compound levels and toxic cyanide concentrations in cassava wastewater. The performance of the F-SBR was compared with that of a conventional sequencing batch reactor, or SBR, that was operated with organic compound contents of 16,266.67–26,666 mg COD/L and 132.92–252.66 mg CN−/L. The cyanide and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies of the conventional SBR system were 42.61% and 36.83%, respectively, while those of the F-SBR were 77.95% and 74.43%, respectively; the cyanide removal efficiency reached 95.45% when the hydraulic retention time was increased to 5 days, and the F-SBR was very effective for the complete removal of cyanide when the hydraulic retention time was increased to 10 days. This effectiveness was similar to the effectiveness of chemical oxygen demand removal, which reached 40–78% efficiency with the F-SBR system. These results showed that the immobilization of cyanide-degrading bacteria such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens SUTS 1 and Pseudomonas monteilii SUTS 2 carried out with a polypropylene ring in a fixed-film aerobic system enhanced the performance of the reactor and can be successfully applied for cyanide and chemical oxygen demand removal from industrial wastewater with high cyanide and chemical oxygen demand concentrations. This study may provide a promising alternative technique that reduces economic operation costs in solving wastewater contamination problems.