Conventional Risk Calculators Research Articles

Potential clinical impact of reporting breast arterial calcifications on screening mammograms in women without known coronary artery disease.

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death in women. 10-year likelihood for a cardiovascular event is determined by the American College of Cardiology Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular disease risk score calculator (ASVCD); however, this does not encompass risk factors unique to women. Breast arterial calcifications (BAC) detected on screening mammography may serve as a proxy for coronary atherosclerosis (CAC) in women. Our purpose was to investigate the correlation between BAC and CAC on imaging in women without a diagnosis of atherosclerosis to determine the potential clinical impact. Retrospective review was performed on a cohort of females evaluated by internists at our institution in 2019. Study patients had a screening mammogram within 1year of a noncardiac chest CT. Clinical data were collected to determine ASCVD risk score. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of BAC in detecting CAC were determined. 222 women met inclusion criteria, ranging from 41 to 77years of age, among which 25% (56/222) had BAC. 84% (47/56) of women with BAC had CAC on CT, yielding a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 51%, 93%, 84%, and 72%, respectively. Of the 47 patients who had both BAC and CAC, 66% had an unknown or low-to-borderline ASCVD score. Women with BACs have a high specificity for CAC. The reporting of BACs should prompt clinicians to risk stratify women for atherosclerotic disease. These women may otherwise be undetected by conventional risk calculators.

Statin use in rheumatoid arthritis in relation to actual cardiovascular risk: evidence for substantial undertreatment of lipid-associated cardiovascular risk?

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is partially attributed to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, which can be identified and managed based on risk stratification algorithms (Framingham Risk Score, National Cholesterol Education Program, Systematic...