Conventional Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Research Articles

A low‐profile wideband microstrip patch antenna using double half‐mode resonances

AbstractThis paper presents a miniaturized broadband microstrip patch antenna with a simple geometry. The radiation patch of this antenna comprises two rectangular patches with slightly different sizes, one side of each patch is grounded by metal via‐holes. Two rectangular patches are connected by a microstrip line and fed by a single port. Two rectangular patches produce two closely resonant frequencies achieving broadband performance. This antenna operates on the resonant method of short‐circuiting on one side. Metal via‐holes act as a short‐circuit wall allowing each patch to operate in TM0.5,0 mode. The size of a 1/4 wavelength resonant patch is only half of a conventional microstrip antenna, the overall size of this antenna is almost as same as a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna, making it compact in size. The wideband is achieved by combining two radiating patches, resulting in stable radiation and flat gain. Measurement results show that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 4.355.10 GHz (15.8%) using a common dielectric substrate without air layer thickness additionally. The maximum measured realized gain is 4.61 dB. This antenna has advantages of wide bandwidth, low profile, flat gain and ease of manufacturing.

Gain and bandwidth enhancement of slotted microstrip antenna using metallic nanofilms for WLAN applications

Structural modifications on microstrip patch antenna design for performance enhancement offer improvements and advantages only up to a certain limit. However, with the use of novel material in the patch area, the performance of a microstrip patch antenna can further be enhanced in terms of gain and bandwidth. In this paper, a nanomaterial-based slotted rectangular microstrip patch antenna is proposed for gain and bandwidth enhancement in Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications. A conventional copper rectangular microstrip antenna (MSA) with a rectangular slot in the patch area is first fabricated and then nanomaterial is deposited in the slot area. Two types of metallic nanoparticulate thin films are deposited using Gold Nanoparticles (Au NPs) and a combination of alternate Silver-Gold-Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-Au-Ag NPs) in the slot area and the antenna parameters analyzed. A comparison between the conventional slotted MSA, and the fabricated antenna with the two different nanoparticulate thin films is presented. It is found that the Au NPs based antenna shows a 12.5 % improvement in bandwidth for a return loss of −31 dB and a 0.5 dB enhancement in gain with a nanomaterial film thickness of 264 nm. The composite Ag-Au-Ag NPs based antenna shows even better performance than the former one with an 18.75 % improvement in bandwidth for a return loss of −30 dB along with gain enhancement of 2 dB with a nanomaterial film thickness of 330 nm. Both the Au NPs and Ag-Au-Ag NPs based antennas are found to resonate at 5.89 GHz and 5.81 GHz showing an electrical size reduction of 32.09 % and 31.15 %, respectively compared to the conventional rectangular MSA.

Bandwidth-Enhanced Miniaturized Patch Antenna Operating at Higher Order Dual-Mode Resonance Using Modal Analysis

This letter presents a novel technique for miniaturization and bandwidth enhancement of a rectangular microstrip antenna (RMA) operating at a higher order TM03-like mode. The resonant length of a conventional RMA supporting the TM03 mode is reduced by λ/4 (λ is the operating substrate wavelength) by this design at the operating frequency. Consequently, the conventional resonant length of 1.5λ for this mode is reduced to 1.25λ. Excitation of this TM03-like mode increases gain as well as the antenna efficiency at the design frequency of 5.8 GHz. A wide slot is placed on the patch to reduce the sidelobes of the radiation pattern. Three meandered line linkages are placed inside the slot to miniaturize the structure maintaining current continuity. Resonance behavior of the antenna is studied using theory of characteristic modes and the impedance bandwidth is enhanced by controlling the excitation of the next higher order mode in the vicinity of TM03-like mode by appropriately choosing dimensions of the meander lines. The antenna is fed by a coaxial probe and is easy to fabricate. Measurement shows an impedance bandwidth of 8.5% and a peak gain of 10.5 dBi. The overall size of the designed antenna is 1.31λ0 × 1.31λ0 × 0.03λ0 (λ0 is free-space wavelength at 5.8 GHz).

A Modified Two-Step ANN Ensemble Approach to Improve Generalization and its Application in Fractal Antenna Design

In this work, a fractal antenna with rectangular base shape has been designed for 5.2[Formula: see text]GHz resonant frequency. Recently, ANN modeling of fractal antenna parameters have shown to be an effective approach for its design optimization. But the selection of ANN ensemble members and their output aggregation are two important issues for efficient operation of ANN ensembles. A novel two-step method based on output sensitivity of ANN and genetic algorithm optimization of ensemble members has been proposed in this paper for addressing the above two issues. The proposed approach, which is a modified form of existing technique, has been first validated by applying it over six benchmark functions and compared with existing approach for improved performance. Further, the proposed approach has been used to develop an ANN ensemble for design optimization of fractal antenna at 5.2[Formula: see text]GHz resonant frequency. The selected antenna geometry has been experimentally verified and has shown significant miniaturization of 48.34% as compared to conventional rectangular micro-strip antenna.

A Miniature L-slot Microstrip Printed Antenna for RFID

This work presents a miniature microstrip antenna at 2.45 GHz by using the slots technique. This microstrip antenna is fed by a CPW technique and designed for RFID reader system on FR4 substrate. A size reduction equal to 66.6% has been obtained compared to the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The total area of the final circuit is 19x31 mm2. The validated antenna has good matching input impedance with a stable radiation pattern, a loss return of -40 dB, and a gain of 1.78 dBi, a prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured.

Design and Realization of Compact Microstrip Antenna Using Fractal Sierpenski Carpet For Wireless Fidelity Application

This paper proposed new design of compact microstrip antenna using fractal sierpenski carpet method for Wireless Fidelity application at working frequency of 2400 MHz. The proposed antenna using FR4 Epoxy with (er) of 4.3, substrate thickness (h) of 1.6 mm and loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.0265. Antenna is designed using AWR Microwave Office software.The sierpenski carpet method is used in order to reduce the dimensions of the microstrip antenna to become more compact. From the measurement results obtained reflection coefficient value -26.077 dB, VSWR 1.104 at working frequency of 2400 MHz frequency with a bandwidth of 127 MHz (2338 MHz – 2465 MHz). Beside that, by using fractal sierepenski carpet method, microstrip antenna dimension was reduced until 47.80% compared to conventional rectangular microstrip antenna.

Design and Realization of Compact Microstrip Antenna Using Fractal Sierpenski Carpet For Wireless Fidelity Application

This paper proposed new design of compact microstrip antenna using fractal sierpenski carpet method for Wireless Fidelity application at working frequency of 2400 MHz. The proposed antenna using FR4 Epoxy with (er) of 4.3, substrate thickness (h) of 1.6 mm and loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.0265. Antenna is designed using AWR Microwave Office software.The sierpenski carpet method is used in order to reduce the dimensions of the microstrip antenna to become more compact. From the measurement results obtained reflection coefficient value -26.077 dB, VSWR 1.104 at working frequency of 2400 MHz frequency with a bandwidth of 127 MHz (2338 MHz – 2465 MHz). Beside that, by using fractal sierepenski carpet method, microstrip antenna dimension was reduced until 47.80% compared to conventional rectangular microstrip antenna.

Multiwalled carbon nanotube-based patch antenna for bandwidth enhancement

A novel carbon nanotube (CNT)-based rectangular microstrip antenna for wide impedance bandwidth applications has been designed and developed. The copper patch commonly placed on the substrate in a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna is replaced with a CNT patch prepared using spin coating. The MWCNT patch antenna was fabricated by spin coating method and it exhibits an increased impedance bandwidth of 20%. The enhancement of the impedance bandwidth does not affect the broadside radiation characteristics. The carbon nanotubes are highly conductive nanomaterial. Due to this unique property, each nanotube present on the surface resonates electromagnetic waves individually and influences the enhancement in the bandwidth. The simple design and fabrication of the proposed antenna can be employed for synthetic aperture radar applications.

Arc-cornered microstrip antenna with defected ground structure for broad banding and improved cross-polarization suppression over whole skew planes

Defected ground structure (DGS)-integrated arc-cornered rectangular microstrip antenna (RMA) has been investigated to achieve broadband along with high co-polarized to cross-polarized radiation (CP–XP) isolation over principal as well as over skew planes without affecting the dominant mode co-polarized (CP) radiation pattern. The present arc-cornered RMA on circular and rectangular dot-type DGS is thoroughly studied and compared with the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. In the present paper, a crucial emphasis is given to improve CP–XP isolation in all the skew planes and by employing circular dot-type DGS around 20 dB CP–XP isolation is achieved over whole skew planes as well as in the H-plane with the proposed structure with 20% impedance bandwidth. On the contrary, the CP–XP isolation and impedance bandwidth vary in opposite manner in case of the rectangular dot-type DGS. Around 25 and 10 dB CP–XP isolation with 9 and 22% impedance bandwidth have been obtained with thin and thick rectangular dot-type DGS, respectively. The corners of the patch surface are rounded in such a way to reduce spurious radiations from the sharp corners, which are generally attributed for high XP radiation along the diagonal directions.

Analysis of an open-ended inverted L-shaped slot-loaded microstrip patch antenna for size reduction and multifrequency operation

This paper proposes a detail analysis of a single layer, single-feed microstrip patch antenna for size reduction and multifrequency operation. An open-ended inverted L-shaped slot is introduced at the left-hand side radiating edge of the patch to reduce the size of the antenna by reducing the resonant frequency. Multiple resonant frequencies are also obtained by introducing the open-ended inverted L-shaped slot. The measured result shows that the size of the proposed antenna has been reduced by 74.3% when compared with conventional rectangular microstrip antenna with same patch area. The proposed antenna also provides increased frequency ratio (the ratio of second or higher resonant frequency to the first resonant frequency). The conventional and proposed antennas are designed and simulated by method of moment-based IE3D software. An extensive analysis of the antenna parameters (reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, gain, etc.) including surface current distribution is given in this paper.

MODIFIED Π-SHAPED SLOT LOADED MULTIFREQUENCY MICROSTRIP ANTENNA

A single layer, single feed microstrip antenna with multifrequency operation in compact size is proposed. A modified inverted π-shaped slot is introduced at the left side radiating edge of the patch to reduce the size of the antenna by reducing the resonant frequency. Multiple resonant frequencies with increased frequency ratio are also obtained by cutting the modified inverted π-shaped slot. The measured result shows that the proposed antenna resonates at 3.3, 4.55, 5.56 and 6.08 GHz in microwave S and C band. The size of the proposed patch is only 0.176λL × 0.132λL at its lower operating frequency. The proposed patch antenna has achieved 68% size reduction as compared with the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna with same patch area. An extensive analysis of the reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio, gain, radiation efficiency and radiation pattern of the proposed antenna is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is suitable for WiMax and HiPERLAN wireless systems.

Analysis of a Miniaturized Multiresonant Wideband Slotted Microstrip Antenna With Modified Ground Plane

In this letter, a miniaturized slotted microstrip antenna with modified ground plane for multiresonant wideband operation is proposed. The miniaturized antenna dimension is only about 24 (0.44λr) ×22 (0.403λr) mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , where, λr is the wavelength of the resonant frequency of the conventional antenna (i.e., 5.5 GHz). The measured result shows two distinct resonant frequencies at 2 and 3.3 GHz. A -10-dB wide-impedance bandwidth of 3100 MHz ranging from 4.2-7.3 GHz is also achieved for the proposed antenna structure. The measured result shows that the size of the proposed antenna has been reduced by 67% in comparison to the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna with same area, and the operating bandwidth is also enhanced up to 53.9%.

English

This paper presents the design of a simple rectangular microstrip antenna (RMSA) for wide bandwidth and large virtual size reduction. The conventional RMSA has been modified by using only microstripline feed with reduced substrate area. The modified RMSA gives 3.71% of bandwidth and resonates at 4.59 GHz. This bandwidth has been enhanced to 90.70% with a virtual size reduction of 33.33% by using a ground plane 64.50% smaller than the ground plane used in the modified RMSA. If the ground plane is reduced to 74.50% the antenna gives a highest virtual size reduction of 50%. The enhancement of bandwidth and virtual size reduction are achieved without altering the size of the rectangular patch and nature of broadband radiation characteristics. The proposed antennas are simple in their design and they may find application in WLAN.

English

This paper presents the design and development of simple rectangular monopole microstrip antenna (RMA) for wideband operation. The proposed antenna operates from 1.54 to 4.62GHz and gives an impedance bandwidth of 100% which is 32.46 times more than the impedance bandwidth of conventional rectangular microstrip antenna (CRMA). The RMAhas been realized from CRMA by modifying the microstripline feed of CRMA which further simplifies the geometry of RMA. The peak gain of RMAin its operating band is found to be 7.08 dB which is 3.35 times more than the peak gain of CRMA. The antenna characteristics such as return loss, radiation pattern etc. are discussed in this paper. This antenna may find the applications for WLAN and WiMAX.

Effect of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with Cross Metal Patches Based on Near-Zero-Index

In this paper, cross metal patches are inserted inside the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna, and thus it can work at two frequencies. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is selected to study effect of this left-handed metamaterial with near-zero-index of refraction. Compared with conventional rectangular microstrip antenna, effect of near-zero-index from positive and negative on conventional rectangular microstrip antenna are studied. Simulation results show this antenna works at two frequencies. Compared with conventional microstrip antenna, near-zero-index can improve antenna’s gain obviously.

Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with Slot Embedded Geometry

In this paper, a novel design that improves the performance of conventional rectangular microstrip antenna is discussed. Design adopts basic techniques such as probe feeding technique with rectangular inverted patch structure as superstrate, air filled dielectric medium as substrate and slot embedded patch. Prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and various antenna performance parameters such as impedance bandwidth, return loss, radiation pattern and antenna gain are considered for Electromagnetic-study. The antennas are designed for the wireless application operating in the frequency range of 3.3 GHz to 3.6 GHz, and UK based fixed satellite service application (3 GHz to 4 GHz), and are named as single inverted patch conventional rectangular microstrip antenna (SIP-CRMSA) and slots embedded inverted patch rectangular microstrip antenna (SEIP-RMSA), respectively. Measurement outcomes for SEIP-RMSA1 and SEIP-RMSA2 showed the satisfactory performance with an achievable impedance bandwidth of 260 MHz (7 %) and 250 MHz (6.72 %), with return loss (RL) of −11.06 dB and −17.98 dB, achieved gain of 8.17 dB and 5.17 dB with 10% and 8% size reduction in comparison with the conventional patch antenna.

RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH SWASTIK ELECTROMAGNETIC BAND GAP STRUCTURE

This paper reports the Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with Swatik Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure on the ground plane. The performance of the proposed antenna are compared with the Conventional Rectangular Microstrip antenna (CRMA).It is observed that there is significant increase of bandwidth and better suppression of back radiation than the Conventional Rectangular Microstrip Antenna. The antenna operating in frequency range of 5-15 GHz which is one of the most usable for wireless application such as WLAN, Wimax etc..

SLOT LOADED SHORTED GAP COUPLED BROADBAND MICROSTRIP ANTENNA

In this paper the bandwidth of a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna has been enhanced by locating capacitively excited λm/4 short circuit parasitic elements at its radiating and non-radiating edges along with the circular polarization and loading the parasitic elements with the rectangular slots. An impedance bandwidth of 1.53513 GHz to 1.843438 GHz (308.3MHz). It has three resonances at 1.56GHz, 1.67GHz and 1.8 GHz. The result are simulated by MOM based IE3D software.

Design of a circularly polarized rectangular microstrip antenna for GPS applications

A compact design of a single feed microstrip antenna for circular polarization (CP) is proposed and studied.CP is brought about by embedding a slot in a cross shaped patch. The structure enables an area reduction of 46% as compared to conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The antenna offers a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth from 1.53 to 1.61 GHz on a substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 and height 1.6 mm with a broadside radiation characteristic in the entire band. The 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is 5% with moderate gain that covers global positioning system (GPS) L1 band. Simulation and experimental results of the antenna are presented and discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:468–470, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25706

A NOVEL SLOT FOR ENHANCING THE IMPEDANCE BANDWIDTH AND GAIN OF RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA

This paper reports the design and development of rectangular microstrip antenna comprising a novel slot for enhancing the impedance bandwidth and gain. By incorporating a slot of optimum geometry at suitable location on the radiating patch, the antenna provides 78.08% (3.39{7.73GHz) of impedance bandwidth and 3dB of gain without changing the nature of broadside radiation characteristics when compared to conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The proposed antenna may flnd applications in mobile WiMax, IEEE802.11a, HIPERLAN/2, cordless phones, flxed wireless etc. Design concept of antennas is given, and experimental results are discussed.