Conventional PC Research Articles

Numerical investigation of optical characterization of polycarbonate panels

Polycarbonate panels (PC panels) are state-of-the-art transparent insulating materials widely used in the construction industry due to their cavity structure, which provides exceptional thermal insulation and optimal optical performance. However, the inherent anisotropy of the three-dimensional cavity structure complicates radiative transfer and requires consideration of both azimuth and zenith angles in optical performance evaluation. This aspect has received limited attention in existing research. This study aims to accurately characterize the optical performance of PC panels through numerical simulations. A three-dimensional radiative transfer model based on the discrete ordinate radiation model is developed to solve the radiation transfer equation. The model's independency regarding mesh division, angular discretization, and accuracy is validated. The effects of incidence angle, geometric parameters, and optical properties of PC panels on optical performance are analyzed. The findings reveal a strong correlation between transmittance and absorption with variations in incident zenith and azimuth angles. The transmittance exhibits a consistent monotonic variation expressible as a rational bifunction. Notably, absorption peaks occur within specific solid angle ranges, with increased structural complexity resulting in heightened absorption and greater uncertainty. For conventional PC materials, maximum transmittance ranges from 46.9 % to 73 %, while maximum absorption ranges from 2.3 % to 13.5 %. Increasing absorption coefficients, refractive index, and surface scattering coefficients nonlinearly decrease transmittance while increasing absorption. Additionally, deviations in transmittance and absorption with azimuth angle amplify with an increase in non-horizontal structures. Sensitivity analysis indicates a significant influence of zenith angle on transmittance, and absorption coefficient predominantly affects absorption.

AUTOMATED TRAFFIC CLEARANCE ON HOLDING VEHICLE COUNT USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

The difficult issue of traffic presents critical obstacles to the two individuals and traffic specialists. Resolving this issue requires creative fixes, and our recommended framework endeavors to give powerful traffic signal utilizing AI-based monitoring. Joining standard CCTV checking with strong examination fueled by the Data2Vector calculation. Our procedure centers around object recognizable proof and casing change. Utilizing the Data2Vector procedure, we can exactly perceive vehicles inside reconnaissance outlines, permitting us to examine traffic volume dependably. Moreover, outline transformation strategies permit us to distinguish vehicle speeds, which supports thorough traffic examination. At the point when our innovation recognizes areas with high gridlock and occurrences of speeding vehicles, it immediately sends constant warnings to traffic specialists. With this quick data, specialists may rapidly answer assuage blockage and keep up with nonstop traffic stream. The better accuracy of our methodology when contrasted with conventional PC vision investigation strategies shows its convenience. Our Programmed Traffic The board Framework gives an improved on way to deal with traffic signal by utilizing the capacities of the Data2Vector calculation, enabling proactive moves toward decrease clog and streamline by and large traffic effectiveness.

Enhancement of Cryptocurrency Mining through Artificial Intelligence for Workstation Systems

For workstation computers, it is highly recommended to use AI-powered bitcoin mining to maximise processing time and resource allocation. Conventional PC mining systems have a number of difficulties, such overheating, system availability algorithms, and controlling power consumption in relation to bitcoin production. The study has introduced an AI board called LSAI48266x in order to encounter the traditional PC mining systems. It uses intelligent algorithms to solve the problems existence with traditional PC based crypto mining. Even in the absence of human workers at the workstation PCs, LSAI48266x detects the best times to mine cryptocurrency by incorporating a variety of variables. The goal of the suggested solution is to minimise total electricity use while optimising CPU power utilisation. Using AI to increase computer resource efficiency during idle times is the major goal of the idea, which also aims to reduce excessive power consumption, preserve system dependability, and increase income.

Low-hit-zone frequency hopping sequence sets under aperiodic Hamming correlation

AbstractThe study of aperiodic Hamming correlation (APC) of frequency hopping sequences (FHSs) is a hard problem that has not been paid enough attention in the literature. For low-hit-zone (LHZ) FHSs, the study of APC becomes more difficult. We call them LHZ FHSs under APC (LHZ-APC FHSs). LHZ-APC FHSs are studied for the first time in this paper. First, we establish a bound on the family sizes of LHZ-APC FHS sets. Then we present a method for constructions of LHZ-APC FHS sets based on conventional FHS sets under periodic Hamming correlation (conventional PC FHS sets). By choosing different conventional PC FHS sets, we obtain three classes of LHZ-APC FHS sets whose family sizes are optimal or near optimal according to this new bound. Further, we modify the construction method and get more new LHZ-APC FHS sets with optimal family sizes.

Using WebXR Metaverse Platforms to Create Touristic Services and Cultural Promotion

In recent years, there has been a surge of Metaverse applications and tools striving to capture the attention of both the general public and businesses, with a particularly strong potential within the tourism sector. However, there has been significant criticism towards major corporations for marketing a concept of the Metaverse that fails to align with reality. On the other hand, smaller entities such as Spatial-io, which is an innovative metaverse platform, are introducing a different style of the Metaverse, one that is highly accessible from contemporary devices like smartphones, tablets, VR headsets, and traditional PCs via WebXR platforms. This article delves into and scrutinizes various methodologies of a tourism-oriented Metaverse, considering its prospective utility as a vehicle to attract more visitors. A virtual tourist information center was established on the Spatial-io Metaverse platform to promote Valencia, Spain. This research scrutinizes the navigation, accessibility, and usability of the service from a conventional PC browser, contrasting it with the experience offered by the Meta Quest 2 virtual reality headset. The study’s quantitative and qualitative data analysis indicates that these innovative services are highly regarded, particularly when a real person (not a bot) provides information, fostering trust and offering details about various tourist attractions within the promoted city. The comparison of user inquiries’ time and depth aligns with the immersion level, demonstrating more positive feedback when the service is accessed through the VR system rather than a standard PC browser.

Occupant-oriented demand response with multi-zone thermal building control

In future energy systems with high shares of renewable energy sources, the electricity demand of buildings has to react to the fluctuating electricity generation in view of stability. As buildings consume one-third of global energy and almost half of this energy accounts for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, HVAC are suitable for shifting their electricity consumption in time. To this end, intelligent control strategies are necessary as the conventional control of HVAC is not optimized for the actual demand of occupants and the current situation in the electricity grid. In this paper, we present the novel multi-zone controller Price Storage Control (PSC) that not only considers room-individual Occupants’ Thermal Satisfaction (OTS), but also the available energy storage, and energy prices. The main feature of PSC is that it does not need a building model or forecasts of future demands to derive the control actions for multiple rooms in a building. For comparison, we use an ideal, error-free Model Predictive Control (MPC), a heuristic control approach from the literature (PC), and a conventional hysteresis-based two-point control as upper and lower benchmarks. We evaluate the four controllers in a multi-zone environment for heating a building in winter and consider two different scenarios that differ in how much the permitted temperatures vary. In addition, we compare the impact of model parameters with high and low thermal capacitance. The results show that PSC strongly outperforms the conventional control approach and PC in both scenarios and for both parameters concerning the electricity costs and OTS. For high capacitance, it leads to 22% costs reduction while the ideal MPC achieves cost reductions of more than 39%. Considering that PSC does not need any building model or forecast, as opposed to MPC, the results support the suitability of our developed control strategy for controlling HVAC systems in future energy systems.

Synergistic effect of aggregate gradation band and cement to aggregate ratio on the performance of pervious concrete

The present research particularly focuses to understand the synergistic effect of aggregate gradation band width and cement to aggregate ratio on the performance of conventional PC (CPC) and recycled aggregate based pervious concrete (RPC). Four various aggregate gradation bands, such as GB (22.5–4.75 mm), GB (22.5–10.0 mm), GB (22.5–12.5 mm) and GB (22.5–16.0 mm), and two different cement to aggregate ratios, such as 0.33 and 0.20, were used in this study. The research outcome inferences that the aggregate gradation band width and cement aggregate ratios have a great effect on the compressive strength, density, permeability and macroscopic pore characteristics of conventional PC and RPC. When using low cement to aggregate ratio of 0.20 along with these gradation bands, the compressive strength of CPC and RPC was found in the range of 6.34–12.89 MPa and 5.49–12.97 MPa, at the same while, the permeability of CPC and RPC was found in the range of 0.35–1.27 cm/s and 0.60–1.29 cm/s respectively and these values were also satisfied with in the limits as prescribed by ACI-522R-10. This paper elucidates the consensus behaviour of CPC and RPC from the material perspective that would enhance the utilization of CPC and RPC in the construction sector.

Cost minimizing planning of container inspection and repair in multiple facilities

A problem of optimal mid-term or long-term planning of inspection and repair of freight containers in multiple facilities is introduced and investigated. The containers are of different types and quality levels, which define their repair costs and workforce requirements. The objective function includes the total holding, inspection, repair, transportation and rejection costs. We propose a deterministic, time-dependent, integer linear min-cost multi-commodity network-flow formulation. The problem is shown to be polynomially solvable if there is a single facility, a single time period and all the containers are repairable and have to be repaired. It is shown to be NP-hard for three important special cases. The computational results of our experiments on randomly generated instances based on real data show that instances of sizes 3 facilities, 4 container types and up to 9 container quality levels can be solved with CPLEX in 5 minutes on a conventional PC, even for 30 periods, with an optimality gap of less than 3%. This is sufficient for medium-term or weekly planning or for short-term recovery planning. However, there are instances of the same magnitude, but with 360 periods of a considerably longer planning horizon, for which an optimality gap of 28% remained even after 10 hours of CPLEX computation.

Energy Conservation and Energy Audit as an Energy Saving Effort at MSTP UNDIP (case study of MSTP Undip Jepara)

Conservation and energy saving audits on the consumer side are carried out to reduce the rate of energy use so that energy is not wasted. The MSTP Undip Jepara building was chosen as the object of the audit due to the absence of an energy audit report as a form of energy saving plan. Energy audits are carried out using the energy consumption intensity method to determine the efficiency level of the building based on the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 13 of 2012 and the significant energy users method to determine the distribution of energy consumption on installed equipment so that energy saving opportunities can be saved. Based on the calculation results, the MSTP Building is in the category of efficient energy consumption with the energy consumption intensity of air-conditioned and non air-conditioned buildings in 2021 with value 9.0 kWh/m2/month and 4.9 kWh/m2/month. Energy saving opportunities savings in the no/low cost category, the resulting savings are Rp. 31,963,190, medium cost Rp. 18,490,311, and high cost Rp. 582,503. Savings include setting air-conditioned temperature, reducing air-conditioned operating hours, replacing TL Neon and Spiral lamps with LEDs, as well as replacing conventional PCs with All-in-one PCs

Refractive index EV sensor based on conventional and mirror image 1D defective photonic crystal designs: theoretical study

In the present study, we have theoretically investigated the sensing and detection mechanism of refractive index of various samples containing extracellular vesicles by using the conventional and mirror image 1D defective photonic crystal designs. The transfer matrix method has been used to analyze the transmission properties of both structures at normal incidence. The performance of the proposed designs has been examined by measuring the shift in the position of the defect mode inside PBGs of respective structures depending upon the corresponding change in refractive index of various EV samples. The comparison between the observed data with the experimentally available standard data may be used to find out refractive index of unknown EV samples. Moreover, mirror image 1D defective PC design can be used as an alternative of one-dimensional annular photonic crystal without defect with air core in which propagation of electromagnetic waves is only along the radial direction. Finally, we have compared the sensing and detection features of both the designs made up of a conventional and mirror image 1D defective PCs. It has been noticed that the mirror image defective structure provides a narrow transmission peak of unit transmittance inside the PBG. This remarkable feature of mirror image one-dimensional defective photonic crystal design may be utilized to develop various highly sensitive sensors. The figure of merit and quality factor values of the proposed design are high and low, respectively. Such high performance bio-sensor with better sensing capabilities may be very useful in chemical and biological sample detection.

Comparative risk of pulmonary adverse events with transfusion of pathogen reduced and conventional platelet components.

BackgroundPlatelet transfusion carries risk of transfusion‐transmitted infection (TTI). Pathogen reduction of platelet components (PRPC) is designed to reduce TTI. Pulmonary adverse events (AEs), including transfusion‐related acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occur with platelet transfusion.Study designAn open label, sequential cohort study of transfusion‐dependent hematology‐oncology patients was conducted to compare pulmonary safety of PRPC with conventional PC (CPC). The primary outcome was the incidence of treatment‐emergent assisted mechanical ventilation (TEAMV) by non‐inferiority. Secondary outcomes included: time to TEAMV, ARDS, pulmonary AEs, peri‐transfusion AE, hemorrhagic AE, transfusion reactions (TRs), PC and red blood cell (RBC) use, and mortality.ResultsBy modified intent‐to‐treat (mITT), 1068 patients received 5277 PRPC and 1223 patients received 5487 CPC. The cohorts had similar demographics, primary disease, and primary therapy. PRPC were non‐inferior to CPC for TEAMV (treatment difference −1.7%, 95% CI: (−3.3% to −0.1%); odds ratio = 0.53, 95% CI: (0.30, 0.94). The cumulative incidence of TEAMV for PRPC (2.9%) was significantly less than CPC (4.6%, p = .039). The incidence of ARDS was less, but not significantly different, for PRPC (1.0% vs. 1.8%, p = .151; odds ratio = 0.57, 95% CI: (0.27, 1.18). AE, pulmonary AE, and mortality were not different between cohorts. TRs were similar for PRPC and CPC (8.3% vs. 9.7%, p = .256); and allergic TR were significantly less with PRPC (p = .006). PC and RBC use were not increased with PRPC.DiscussionPRPC demonstrated reduced TEAMV with no excess treatment‐related pulmonary morbidity.

Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery after corneal refractive surgery

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide, and advanced cataract techniques such as femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) have been commercially available. Corneal refractive surgery (CRS) is one of the most popular surgeries for the correction of refractive errors. CRS changes the cornea not only anatomically but also pathophysiologically. However, there has been no clinical research analyzing the refractive and safety outcomes of FLACS after CRS. The aim of this retrospective chart review and comparative study is to evaluate the effect and safety of FLACS after CRS comparing with conventional PCS. Participants with a previous CRS history who underwent FLACS or conventional PCS were included in this study. The visual outcomes and the refractive outcomes including refractive, corneal, and ocular residual astigmatism were compared. The safety outcomes were then studied intraoperatively and postoperatively. A total of 102 patients with age-related cataract were enrolled. At 3 months postoperatively, UCVA, BCVA, and predictive error were not significantly different between the FLACS and conventional PCS groups. Reduction of refractive astigmatism was higher in FLACS. Postoperative ORA was significant lower in FLACS. Reduction of ORA was higher in FLACS. The intraoperative and postoperative complications were also not significantly different between the two groups. FLACS could effectively change refractive astigmatism and ORA; without more complications than conventional PCS. FLACS’ competitive edge in postoperative ORA may provide better visual quality than conventional PCS in patients with a previous history of CRS.

Modification of the Main Deck of Pc40 Using the Sandwich Plate System to Support Marine Defense Operations

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic maritime country in the world, it should strengthen its ability to secure a very wide territorial waters, in order to ensure the security and safety of shipping in Indonesian jurisdictional. PC 40 ship is a reliable TNI-AL patrol ship with relatively small dimensions and will be easy to operate in archipelagic areas. In general, structural construction on conventional PC 40 ships, along with the times, the Sandwich Plate System material has been found to have characteristics that provide advantages in terms of strength and a simpler structure compared to conventional construction. the construction structure uses conventional aluminum using the Sandwich Plate System material with an aluminum-elastomer-aluminum configuration in the flat plate structure on the main deck of the TNI-AL PC 40 Ship. Analysis based on finite element on main deck construction with load loading. From the simulation results, the maximum stress for aluminum material is 17 MPa using stiffeners, while the construction with sandwich plate material system produces a maximum stress of 15 MPa reducing the use of 15 stiffeners, with maximum deformation for conventional aluminum.

Modification of the Main Deck of Pc40 Using the Sandwich Plate System to Support Marine Defense Operations

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic maritime country in the world, it should strengthen its ability to secure a very wide territorial waters, in order to ensure the security and safety of shipping in Indonesian jurisdictional. PC 40 ship is a reliable TNI-AL patrol ship with relatively small dimensions and will be easy to operate in archipelagic areas. In general, structural construction on conventional PC 40 ships, along with the times, the Sandwich Plate System material has been found to have characteristics that provide advantages in terms of strength and a simpler structure compared to conventional construction. the construction structure uses conventional aluminum using the Sandwich Plate System material with an aluminum-elastomer-aluminum configuration in the flat plate structure on the main deck of the TNI-AL PC 40 Ship. Analysis based on finite element on main deck construction with load loading. From the simulation results, the maximum stress for aluminum material is 17 MPa using stiffeners, while the construction with sandwich plate material system produces a maximum stress of 15 MPa reducing the use of 15 stiffeners, with maximum deformation for conventional aluminum.

Tunable reflectance characteristics of magnetized cold plasma based one-dimensional defective photonic crystal

In this work, we analyze the reflectance property of a MCP based 1DPC with symmetrically introduced defect layer of air. The reflectance spectra of the defective PC are obtained by employing TMM with variation in the thickness of the defect. It is reported that the PC with the defect thickness of zero having the form, (AB)N/2(BA)N/2, exhibits two adjacent completely reflected bands separated by a defect mode with reflectance zero. The conventional extrinsic PC offers a single completely reflected band lying in the range 4–6 GHz that splits into two parts by defect mode when we operate the PC in defective mode. By increasing the defect thickness up to 15 mm, the low frequency band becomes narrower and the defect mode frequency is shifted towards a lower value, whereas the second band becomes wider. The defect mode frequency shows a similar decreasing behavior with increase in the thickness of air defect below and above its particular value of 20 mm. In this investigation, the disappearance of defect mode at a critical thickness and reappearance of new defect mode at higher frequency with further increase in defect thickness, are considered as important features of this defective PC. Such kind of tunability in the reflected band, defect mode frequency, and reappearance of new defect mode, all are in a good agreement with the computed results reported by the researchers. The insights of the analysis can be employed in design of optical filters, waveguides, detectors, and similar tunable microwave and switching devices.

Eye movement analysis as a tool to evaluate virtual reality systems and human behaviour

Virtual Reality technologies are evolving at a fast pace. It is important to establish if these novel solutions met the goals they were developed for (i. e., to evaluate if they are effective). These technological-based products, whether based on a conventional PC setup or an immersive virtual reality setup, predominantly rely on the stimulation of the sight. With this, the eye movement analysis appears as an important metric to evaluate technological environments. Through eye movement analysis can establish how persons collect information and what influences their actions and decisions and determine certain preferences or behaviours.

A simple and cheap setup for timing tapping responses synchronized to auditory stimuli.

Measuring human capabilities to synchronize in time, adapt to perturbations to timing sequences, or reproduce time intervals often requires experimental setups that allow recording response times with millisecond precision. Most setups present auditory stimuli using either MIDI devices or specialized hardware such as Arduino and are often expensive or require calibration and advanced programming skills. Here, we present in detail an experimental setup that only requires an external sound card and minor electronic skills, works on a conventional PC, is cheaper than alternatives, and requires almost no programming skills. It is intended for presenting any auditory stimuli and recording tapping response times with within 2-ms precision (up to - 2 ms lag). This paper shows why desired accuracy in recording response times against auditory stimuli is difficult to achieve in conventional computer setups, presents an experimental setup to overcome this, and explains in detail how to set it up and use the provided code. Finally, the code for analyzing the recorded tapping responses was evaluated, showing that no spurious or missing events were found in 94% of the analyzed recordings.

A multilayered post-GWAS assessment on genetic susceptibility to pancreatic cancer

BackgroundPancreatic cancer (PC) is a complex disease in which both non-genetic and genetic factors interplay. To date, 40 GWAS hits have been associated with PC risk in individuals of European descent, explaining 4.1% of the phenotypic variance.MethodsWe complemented a new conventional PC GWAS (1D) with genome spatial autocorrelation analysis (2D) permitting to prioritize low frequency variants not detected by GWAS. These were further expanded via Hi-C map (3D) interactions to gain additional insight into the inherited basis of PC. In silico functional analysis of public genomic information allowed prioritization of potentially relevant candidate variants.ResultsWe identified several new variants located in genes for which there is experimental evidence of their implication in the biology and function of pancreatic acinar cells. Among them is a novel independent variant in NR5A2 (rs3790840) with a meta-analysis p value = 5.91E−06 in 1D approach and a Local Moran’s Index (LMI) = 7.76 in 2D approach. We also identified a multi-hit region in CASC8—a lncRNA associated with pancreatic carcinogenesis—with a lowest p value = 6.91E−05. Importantly, two new PC loci were identified both by 2D and 3D approaches: SIAH3 (LMI = 18.24), CTRB2/BCAR1 (LMI = 6.03), in addition to a chromatin interacting region in XBP1—a major regulator of the ER stress and unfolded protein responses in acinar cells—identified by 3D; all of them with a strong in silico functional support.ConclusionsThis multi-step strategy, combined with an in-depth in silico functional analysis, offers a comprehensive approach to advance the study of PC genetic susceptibility and could be applied to other diseases.

Use of Mobile Apps to Enhance Learning Among the Research Scholars of Periyar University - A Study

At present, a day's Smartphone has been spread around the world. A Smartphone is a cell phone running a total working framework in a way like a conventional PC, which offers propelled processing capacities and availability alternatives. These highlights empower new sorts of versatile administrations that thus shape the use propensities for Smartphone clients. This paper overlooked understudies’ Smartphone use and how it influences them. It analyzes the job which incessant utilization of Smartphone's plays in their examinations. Surveys were structured and conveyed to 103 respondents of the research scholars of different branches of Periyar University, Salem. Out of the 103 polls conveyed, 102 were totally filled and returned back, giving an arrival pace of 99%. The information gathered was broken down utilizing frequencies; rates and diagram portrayals. It was prescribed that understudies ought to figure out how to deal with their time appropriately and to advance the learning procedure

Writing with the Eyes: The Effect of Age on Eye-Tracking Performance in Non-Disabled Adults and a Comparison with Bimanual Typing.

Eye-tracking technology is advancing rapidly, becoming cheaper and easier to use and more robust. This has fueled an increase in its implementation for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). Nowadays, Eye-Tracking Communication Devices (ETCDs) can be an effective aid for people with disabilities and communication problems. However, it is not clear what level of performance is attainable with these devices or how to optimize them for AAC use. The objective of this observational study was to provide data on non-disabled adults' performance with ETCD regarding (a) range of eye-typing ability in terms of speed and errors for different age groups and (b) relationship between ETCD performance and bimanual writing with a conventional PC keyboard and (c) to suggest a method for a correct implementation of ETCD for AAC. Sixty-seven healthy adult volunteers (aged 20–79 years) were asked to type a sample sentence using, first, a commercial ETCD and then a standard PC keyboard; we recorded the typing speed and error rate. We repeated the test 11 times in order to assess performance changes due to learning. Performances differed between young (20–39 years), middle-aged (40–59 years), and elderly (60–79 years) participants. Age had a negative impact on performance: as age increased, typing speed decreased and the error rate increased. There was a clear learning effect, i.e., repetition of the exercise produced an improvement of performance in all subjects. Bimanual and ETCD typing speed showed a linear relationship, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.73. The assessment of the effect of age on eye-typing performance can be useful to evaluate the effectiveness of man-machine interaction for use of ETCDs for AAC. Based on our findings, we outline a potential method (obviously requiring further verification) for the setup and tuning of ETCDs for AAC in people with disabilities and communication problems.