Conventional Logging Techniques Research Articles

KERUSAKAN TEGAKAN TINGGAL PADA TEKNIK REDUCED IMPACT LOGGING DI INDONESIA: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS

Forest harvesting in the natural production forest management in Indonesia is mostly carried out using conventional logging techniques and causes serious damage to residual stands and soil resources. One of the efforts made to reduce this environmental damage is the application of reduced impact logging (RIL) techniques. This study aimed to collect and analyze research results related to the damage to residual stands caused by RIL in the natural production forest management in Indonesia. This study used a systematic review method. A systematic literature search was carried out at data sources such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Direct, and SINTA, which were published between 1996-2021. All studies reported that applying RIL techniques can reduce the damage to the residual stands.

Evaluating Machine Learning Techniques for Carbonate Formation Permeability Prediction Using Well Log Data

Machine learning has a significant advantage for many difficulties in the oil and gas industry, especially when it comes to resolving complex challenges in reservoir characterization. Permeability is one of the most difficult petrophysical parameters to predict using conventional logging techniques. Clarifications of the work flow methodology are presented alongside comprehensive models in this study. The purpose of this study is to provide a more robust technique for predicting permeability; previous studies on the Bazirgan field have attempted to do so, but their estimates have been vague, and the methods they give are obsolete and do not make any concessions to the real or rigid in order to solve the permeability computation. To verify the reliability of training data for zone-by-zone modeling, we split the scenario into two scenarios and applied them to seven wells' worth of data. Moreover, all wellbore intervals were processed, for instance, all five units of Mishrif formation. According to the findings, the more information we have, the more accurate our forecasting model becomes. Multi-resolution graph-based clustering has demonstrated its forecasting stability in two instances by comparing it to the other five machine learning models.

A Solution to Tough Logging Conditions (Lwf): Intro to Tough Logging Conditions, Logging While Fishing, Operation Procedure and Conditions

This review work summarised new generation logging techniques such Tough Logging Conditions (TLC) & Logging While Fishing (LWF) and their advancement in drilling operations. The production of Oil & gas from the stage of exploration to production should need a lot of data for economic and safe operations. The conditions of the sub-surface cannot be simply predicted unless with some measured parameters under the LOGGING term. Logging is defined as a continuous record of Petro’s physical parameters of rock against time and depth. Instead of conventional logging techniques of wireline such as SP, Gamma-ray, Neutron, Calliper log, etc, logging while drilling, logging while fishing set them aside of their extended applications. Logging while Fishing is a new generation technology that allows unfailing operations of logging tool by a special installation even in cut and thread operation also aids economic and time enhancement. Tough logging conditions are a technique applied either when the hole has highly deviated or when you need to control the position of a tool. This project includes the study and interpretation of above discussed new generation logs. These tools offer all types of logging carried out on wireline except the SP logging. Logging while drilling provides real-time measurements of physical parameters while drilling operation itself which avoids an additional running of tools causing trips and sticking of drill pipe. The data is stored in the bottom assembled logging tool.

Integration of carbon conservation into sustainable forest management using high resolution satellite imagery: A case study in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo

Conservation of tropical forests is of outstanding importance for mitigation of climate change effects and preserving biodiversity. In Borneo most of the forests are classified as permanent forest estates and are selectively logged using conventional logging techniques causing high damage to the forest ecosystems. Incorporation of sustainable forest management into climate change mitigation measures such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) can help to avert further forest degradation by synergizing sustainable timber production with the conservation of biodiversity. In order to evaluate the efficiency of such initiatives, monitoring methods for forest degradation and above-ground biomass in tropical forests are urgently needed. In this study we developed an index using Landsat satellite data to describe the crown cover condition of lowland mixed dipterocarp forests. We showed that this index combined with field data can be used to estimate above-ground biomass using a regression model in two permanent forest estates in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Tangkulap represented a conventionally logged forest estate while Deramakot has been managed in accordance with sustainable forestry principles. The results revealed that conventional logging techniques used in Tangkulap during 1991 and 2000 decreased the above-ground biomass by an annual amount of average −6.0tC/ha (−5.2 to −7.0tC/ha, 95% confidential interval) whereas the biomass in Deramakot increased by 6.1tC/ha per year (5.3–7.2tC/ha, 95% confidential interval) between 2000 and 2007 while under sustainable forest management. This indicates that sustainable forest management with reduced-impact logging helps to protect above-ground biomass. In absolute terms, a conservative amount of 10.5tC/ha per year, as documented using the methodology developed in this study, can be attributed to the different management systems, which will be of interest when implementing REDD+ that rewards the enhancement of carbon stocks.

A Model for comparing reduced impact logging with conventional logging for an Eastern Amazonian Forest

Using data from a logging experiment in the eastern Brazilian Amazon region, we develop a matrix growth and yield model that captures the dynamic effects of harvest system choice on forest structure and composition. Multinomial logistic regression is used to estimate the growth transition parameters for a 10-year time step, while a Poisson regression model is used to estimate recruitment parameters. The model is designed to be easily integrated with an economic model of decisionmaking to perform tropical forest policy analysis. The model is used to compare the long-run structure and composition of a stand arising from the choice of implementing either conventional logging techniques or more carefully planned and executed reduced-impact logging (RIL) techniques, contrasted against a baseline projection of an unlogged forest. Results from “log and leave” scenarios show that a stand logged according to Brazilian management requirements will require well over 120 years to recover its initial commercial volume, regardless of logging technique employed. Implementing RIL, however, accelerates this recovery. Scenarios imposing a 40-year cutting cycle raise the possibility of sustainable harvest volumes, although at significantly lower levels than is implied by current regulations. Meeting current Brazilian forest policy goals may require an increase in the planned total area of permanent production forest or the widespread adoption of silvicultural practices that increase stand recovery and volume accumulation rates after RIL harvests.

Using multicriteria decision analysis and a forest growth model to assess impacts of tree harvesting in Dipterocarp lowland rain forests

Sixty-four different tree-harvesting scenarios in an initially undisturbed Dipterocarp lowland rain forest stand in Sabah (Malaysia) were simulated with the rain forest growth model FORMIND. The scenarios differ in terms of their minimum cutting diameter, logging cycle, method and intensity. The simulation results include harvest yields and the impact on forest structure (canopy opening and changes in species composition). Multicriteria decision analysis was used to evaluate the scenarios and identify optimum ones by applying a stochastic extension of the PROMETHEE method. Almost all optimum scenarios used reduced-impact logging. High cutting limits or low logging intensities could not compensate for the high damage caused by conventional logging techniques. Five scenarios proved to be optimum for a wide range of priorities concerning different forest functions. They all use reduced-impact logging and long logging cycles (≥60 years), either with a minimum cutting limit of 50 or 60 cm stem diameter, or with medium logging intensities.

Multicriteria evaluation of simulated logging scenarios in a tropical rain forest

Forest growth models are useful tools for investigating the long-term impacts of logging. In this paper, the results of the rain forest growth model FORMIND were assessed by a multicriteria decision analysis. The main processes covered by FORMIND include tree growth, mortality, regeneration and competition. Tree growth is calculated based on a carbon balance approach. Trees compete for light and space; dying large trees fall down and create gaps in the forest. Sixty-four different logging scenarios for an initially undisturbed forest stand at Deramakot (Malaysia) were simulated. The scenarios differ regarding the logging cycle, logging method, cutting limit and logging intensity. We characterise the impacts with four criteria describing the yield, canopy opening and changes in species composition. Multicriteria decision analysis was used for the first time to evaluate the scenarios and identify the efficient ones. Our results plainly show that reduced-impact logging scenarios are more ‘efficient’ than the others, since in these scenarios forest damage is minimised without significantly reducing yield. Nevertheless, there is a trade-off between yield and achieving a desired ecological state of logged forest; the ecological state of the logged forests can only be improved by reducing yields and enlarging the logging cycles. Our study also demonstrates that high cutting limits or low logging intensities cannot compensate for the high level of damage caused by conventional logging techniques.

Does Reduced-Impact Logging Help Preserve Biodiversity in Tropical Rainforests? A Case Study from Borneo using Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) as Indicators

The role of reduced-impact logging on the preservation of biodiversity in tropical lowland dipterocarp rainforest is examined by looking at differences in dung beetle community structure between two sites logged in 1993: one harvested using reduced-impact methods and one using conventional techniques. Collections were made using two flight intercept traps over 7 d, and samples were compared with previous collections made from primary forest (riverine and interior-forest) and older forest logged using conventional techniques (logged in 1981). Of the two 1993 sites, the higher diversity and species richness (S = 57, n = 969, alpha = 13.23, H′ = 3.24) was recorded in the forest logged using reduced-impact techniques: the conventionally logged site had both lower diversity and species richness (S = 48, n = 1968, alpha = 8.88, H′ = 1.89), and lacked some primary forest specialists present in the reduced-impact forest samples. The dung beetle community in the 1993 conventional logged site is similar to that of the conventional logging site harvested in 1981. Primary forest has a well-defined ecotone, from interior to riverine forest: both 1993 sites contain a mixture of interior-forest and riverine specialists that are usually spatially separated along this ecotone. Although the dung beetle assemblage in the forest harvested by reduced-impact logging is more similar to a primary interior-forest assemblage than the conventionally logged site, both 1993 sites have assemblages that are closer in similarity to assemblages from primary-riverine habitat than they are to ones from primary interior-forest. However, because the forest logged using reduced-impact logging techniques has a more equitable and diverse dung beetle assemblage and a greater number of interior-forest specialists than the conventionally logged site, this study suggests that reduced-impact logging has better preserved the primary forest assemblage than conventional logging techniques.

Logging With A Coiled Tubing System

Abstract A completion technique has been developed for highly deviated wells which uses a conductor cable placed inside coiled tubing. All conventional cased hole logging and perforating tools C(In be run. The advantages of this system include a shorter completion time, precise positioning of the downhole tools, the ability to maintain an even logging speed, the ability to circulate fluid while logging, and the elimination of a workover rig. This paper reviews a successful completion program performed on three gas wells in the Bantry Field of southern Alberta, and presents details on open hole logging procedures conducted on two wells in England. Aim being presented and discussed are the equipment modifications that were necessary, and possible future developments of this innovative technique. Introduction The major problems associated with highly deviated wells have been logging(l) and completions(2). Logging has traditionally been accomplished using drill pipe conveyed systems(3) or pump down techniques(2). Completion of horizontal wells has been accomplished through the use of slotted liners or with tubing conveyed perforating guns. Electric wireline conductor cable placed inside coiled tubing creates new possibilities in well logging and completions. The method involves running downhole electrical tools in and out of the hole with conventional coiled tubing. The tools are linked to surface by the conductor cable inside the tubing. A coiled tubing / wireline method for open hole logging and casing inspection was earlier presented by Howell et al.(4), but their system had not been put into practice. The system presented in this paper was initially developed to log wells in Germany and France(5,6). Similar equipment was then used to log and complete three Medicine Hat/Milk River gas wells with deviations as great as 78.25 degrees. These zonesare normally produced from shallow vertical wellbores, but irrigation dictated that minimal land be used. The three wells weredirectionally drilled from a single location. Conventional completion methods (performed on lower zones) had been both expensive and time-consuming. A slant hole service rig had been required., and in most cases, spotting the tools required pump down techniques. Perforating guns had been limited to either tubing conveyed guns or guns with diameters small enough to fit through the tubing. Cleanout and bridge plug movement had caused multiple tubing runs and the necessity to kill the well several times during the completion. Coiled tubing/wireline proved an effective system that successfully:decreased completion time,eliminated tubing and casing wear,avoided having to kill the wells, andallowed the use of larger perforating guns The coiled tubing/wireline system was also used to open hole log two wells in the south of England. These wells had deviations to 60 degrees. The system was required after conventional logging techniques had proven unsuccessful.

Determination of Residual Oil Saturation from Geophysical Well Logs in Tertiary Recovery Projects

Abstract Residual oil saturation (ROS), a key factor in the planning of tertiary recovery projects, can be determined on the basis of reservoir engineering concepts, core data, single-well tracer tests, and specialized geophysical well-logging techniques. Uncertainty limits of conventional logging techniques are not too promising. However, several log-inject-log techniques using multiple repeat logging runs will determine residual oil saturation within the range of ROS ± (≤ 5 saturation percent). Engineered planning of both logging and injection procedures is a prerequisite for reliable log-derived ROS estimates.