Conventional Estimation Model Research Articles

Kinetics of Silicon Transfer from Pulverized Coal Injected into Blast Furnace under Intensive Coal Injection

With the progress of shifting to operation of intensive coal injection, Si in molten metal tends to increase, and this phenomenon cannot be explained by a conventional estimation model which does not distinguish between coke and pulverized coal on contribution to Si in molten metal. With respect to SiO gasification reactions from SiO 2 in pulverized coal, basic experiments were carried out on SiO(g) generation from pulverized coal char packed in a crucible under flow of reducing gas, and reaction rate was deduced with SiO 2 concentration in pulverized coal ash and slag composition taken into account. Furthermore, with respect to Si transfer in blast furnace, the SiO(g) generation rate derived from pulverized coal under intensive coal injection was evaluated and effects of pulverized coal on Si in molten metal were investigated. Consequently the molten metal [Si] variation associated with changes of pulverized coal brand in an actual furnace is become to be estimated.

Influence of site dependent effects on the assessment of the radiative cooling potential

The assessment the radiative cooling potential requires the knowledge of some site dependent boundary conditions affecting to the performance of the respective technological systems. These boundary conditions are mainly related to the existence of certain climatological solicitations that will determine the feasibility or not for each application. This paper presents a contribution to a more accurate assessment of the radiative cooling potential based on the analysis of the influence in the estimation of effective sky temperature and effective sky temperature depression of local or transient effects associated to the existence of a non standard vertical atmospheric structure. These eventual deviations are usually not considered in the conventional estimation models, based exclusively on surface information, and the suitability of the proposed approach is established by comparison with measured data.

Multipoint approach for aerodynamic modeling in complex flowfields

New aerodynamic functions and variables have been developed to facilitate the modeling of the nonlinear aerodynamic phenomena that pervade during spinning or other complex motions of aircraft. The new methodology is intended to compensate for the difficulty that conventional estimation models have in accounting for the effects of large spatial variations of the flowfield or large excursions away from the steady state. The functions have been deduced from aerodynamic theory and the variables are determined primarily by the translational and rotational velocity vectors and some basic aircraft geometry. In general, the variables remain smoother over the course of a spin than the velocity components from which they are partially derived and that are often used in conventional estimation models. The model makes some use of static wind-tunnel data, however, parameter estimation techniques using actual flight test data must be applied to complete the model. The model is intended for simulation and controls applications.