Conventional Binary Phase-shift Keying Research Articles

On BER-Based Calculation of Power Allocation under User Fairness for NOMA

In this letter, the authors derive a closed-form expression for the power allocation, which is based on the exhaustive search, under the constraint of the user fairness of the equal bit-error rates (BERs), in the binary phase shift keying (BPSK) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). The power allocation calculation is based on the BER, not the achievable data rate. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first analytical expression for the calculation of power allocation in the conventional BPSK NOMA.

A Low Error Rate BCH-Based Encoder-Decoder Approach for Electromagnetic Measurement While Drilling System

In practical applications of electromagnetic measurement while drilling (EM-MWD) in the underground coal mine, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a receiver cannot always meet the requirements of reliable communication conditions due to the earth attenuation, interfering signal from the well site, and so on. Aimed to solve these problems, this paper presents a low error rate Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH)-based encoder–decoder technology for EM-MWD. First, this paper studies the relationship among the BCH encoding error performance and the decoding method, the source length, and other factors through simulation; then, we obtain an optimal length of BCH code for EM-MWD through analyzing the bit error performance of hard-decision decoding and soft-decision decoding with different lengths of BCH code. Finally, we compare the proposed algorithm with the conventional binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) approach in the actual environment. The results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the bit error rate by about ten times at a lower SNR, achieving a reliable communication condition when the SNR of a received signal is reduced. It demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed BCH encoder and the decoder algorithm based on BPSK for EM-MWD.

Dual binary phase‐shift keying tracking method for Galileo E5 AltBOC(15,10) signal and its thermal noise performance

Coherent wideband processing for the Galileo E5 AltBOC signal encounters a great challenge because of its modulation complexity, multi-peaked auto correlation function (ACF) and large bandwidth. In this study, a new tracking method called ‘dual binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) tracking’ (DBT), which is derived from its reception models and double estimator technique (DET) methodology, is specially designed for the Galileo E5 signal. While this method can achieve the full potential of the Galileo E5 signal in ranging performance, it features a robust wideband processing technique, backward compatibility with conventional BPSK signal tracking, and easy implementation in hardware. More specifically, the DBT method makes use of the coherence of the lower and upper bands of the Galileo E5 signal and decouples sub-carrier phase and carrier phase through coherently combining correlator outputs of the two bands, and then implements independent tracking for code, sub-carrier and carrier based on the DET methodology. Furthermore, thermal noise performances of this new method are given and verified by processing both simulated and real Galileo E5 signals.

Chaos‐based BPSK communication system

A novel broadband chaos-based coherent binary phase shift keying (BPSK) communication system is proposed and it is demonstrated that its theoretical probability of error expression matches that of a conventional narrowband BPSK system. The result is confirmed with the corresponding empirical bit error rate (BER) simulation. Most importantly, it is shown that the proposed system outperforms the chaotic communication systems in terms of BER while also being more practicable. The proposed system thus holds high promise as the chaotic communication systems pose implementation difficulties, lack robust synchronisation techniques and are generally considered of academic interest only.

A 10-Gb/s Silicon Microring Resonator-Based BPSK Link

We design and demonstrate for the first time an end- to-end binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) link based on silicon microring resonators, with an operational bit-rate at 10 Gb/s. The obtained bit-error-rate is below the forward error correction limit, validating the practical application of the demonstrated technique. Performance comparisons to conventional BPSK modulation and demodulation techniques are also made. The microring-based BPSK link promises a compact, energy efficient, and low-cost interconnect solution for high-capacity transceivers.

Proposal and Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid BPSK-Modified MPPM Technique for Optical Fiber Communications Systems

A hybrid binary phase shift keying-modified multi-pulse pulse position modulation (hybrid BPSK-modified MPPM) scheme is proposed as a new modulation technique to improve the performance of both conventional binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and multi-pulse pulse position modulation (MPPM) techniques in optical fiber communications systems. In conventional BPSK scheme, a consecutive stream of low power BPSK symbols are transmitted. However, in the proposed scheme, a less number of high power BPSK symbols are transmitted in a hybrid frame and their positions are exploited to transmit more bits. That is, the transmitted information is carried in both the positions and phases of the transmitted pulses. The transmission characteristics, transmitter and receiver block diagram, bandwidth-utilization, and optimum decoding process for the proposed scheme are all studied in this paper. Several performance measures are also derived and compared to those of conventional schemes in optical fiber channels. Our results reveal that, under an average power constraint, the proposed hybrid BPSK-modified MPPM scheme achieves much lower levels of bit-error rates and symbol-error rates than those of ordinary BPSK and ordinary MPPM schemes, respectively, for both moderate or high signal-to-noise ratios. In addition, the proposed modulation scheme achieves much higher bandwidth-utilization efficiencies than those of ordinary schemes.

Analysis of smooth phase modulation formats compared with conventional QPSK and BPSK using coherent detection

Novel optical offset quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK) and improved minimum-shift keying (MSK) modulation schemes to smooth optical phase hopping for high speed fiber optics transmission are proposed. Simulations have been done among the MSK, OQPSK, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), and binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation formats at 40 Gb/s over 100-km transmission link using coherent detection. Simulation results present good performances to elevate chromatic dispersion tolerance and reduce the influence of nonlinear effects by adopting the smooth phase modulation formats. Inter-symbol interference decreases for the fast side-lobe property and tight spectrum as a result of avoding the ? phase shift and reducing envelop fluctuation.

Robust chaotic communications exploiting waveform diversity. Part 2: Complexity reduction and equalisation

The symbolic dynamics method of communication using chaotic systems has previously been shown to offer performance better than conventional binary phase shift keying (BPSK), while also providing similar spectrum efficiency. This is achieved by exploiting diversity in the waveform, through a mechanism similar to partial response signalling. In order to achieve this performance, a correlation method for detection has been proposed, but complexity was high and only performance in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels has been considered. It is demonstrated that the complexity can be reduced from requiring 1024 correlations per symbol down to only 32, while degrading performance only by 0.6 dB. The ability to further reduce the occupied bandwidth is investigated. Spectrum occupancy equivalent to a root-raised cosine-filtered BPSK signal is demonstrated, and performance is maintained when the reference waveforms are similarly filtered to maintain the signal match. Finally, a novel equalisation technique that incorporates a decision feedback structure into the correlation detector is proposed. Performance in multipath channels is investigated and shown to be effective.

Continuous-phase frequency-shift keying with external modulation

A high-speed external modulation scheme for optical continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK) is presented. In external frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation using single-sideband modulation technology, an optical upper/lower sideband (USB/LSB) component with respect to a carrier frequency is selectively generated. However, the FSK-modulated signal has phase discontinuities at the timings of frequency shifts. To overcome the problem, we propose a synchronous control technique that enables continuous phase modulation. In the external CPFSK modulation, the USB/LSB is allowed to shift to the other state when their phases coincide with each other. It is shown that CPFSK with a zero-to-peak frequency deviation of 0.5times(bit rate) is achieved with this synchronous control. Occupant bandwidth is less than half that of the externally modulated incoherent FSK with phase discontinuities. At a modulation speed of 10 Gb/s, higher order sidelobes are highly suppressed by more than 20 dB at the 20-GHz offset, comparing to a conventional binary phase-shift keying (BPSK). By the use of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with balanced photodetection, receiver sensitivity is 3-dB greater than that of an on-off keying, as well as a BPSK. In this paper, we report on the experimental demonstration of CPFSK modulation/demodulation. A six-channel wavelength-division-multiplexed, 10-Gb/s CPFSK modulation/demodulation was successfully demonstrated

Optical minimum-shift keying with external modulation scheme

We propose an optical initial phase control technique for external modulation in the format of minimum-shift keying (MSK). In this scheme, the optical phase discontinuities inherent to external frequencyshift- keying (FSK) modulation are compensated by use of an initial phase controller in conjunction with a FSK modulator. We present the principle of the control method and then numerically and experimentally prove that the signal has a modulation spectrum more compact than that of conventional binary phase-shift keying. 10-Gbit/s external modulation in MSK format was experimentally demonstrated.