Convenience Sample Research Articles

Pre-service Elementary Mathematics Teachers' Opinions on the School Experience Course Conducted through Distance Education

This study aims to examine the experiences of pre-service elementary mathematics teachers regarding the school experience course conducted through distance education due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was conducted with 64 volunteer participants, from students who took the School Experience course in the fall semester of the 2021-2022 academic year at a state university, which was determined by convenience sampling among the universities in Turkey. The data was gathered using Google form at the end of the fall semester, using a data collection tool including 4 open-ended questions. These questions were about general evaluation, contributions, faced problems, and suggestions about the school experience course process. The study is phenomenological research from qualitative research types, and the content analysis method was used to analyze the data. Based on the analysis of the collected data, the following codes were obtained: positive, neutral, and negative under the heading of general evaluation; no contribution, getting to know students, professional skills, and time under the heading of contributions; technological problems, lack of professional skills, professional satisfaction, and communication under the heading of faced problems; and active participation, changing the course content, educational support, face-to-face education, student participation, and technological support under the heading of suggestions.

Job crafting and entrepreneurial innovativeness: the moderated mediation roles of dynamic capabilities and self-initiated AI learning

PurposeThis paper investigates the moderated mediation roles of dynamic capabilities and self-initiated AI learning between job crafting and entrepreneurial innovativeness among owner-managers of family craft businesses in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachA convenience sampling technique was used in the selection of 498 family craft business owner-managers in Ghana. The paper deployed regression analysis to examine the hypothesized paths.FindingsUsing hierarchical regression, job crafting was found to have a positive effect on entrepreneurs’ innovativeness. Further, dynamic capabilities moderate the mediated link between self-initiated AI learning and entrepreneurial innovativeness.Research limitations/implicationsThe current study assesses self-initiated learning for work adjustment from a cross-sectional design perspective. Though, this research design is effective in the assessment of opinions and attitudes of persons, it is limited in its capacity to reflect changing opinions and attitudes overtime. This study recommends future studies to conduct a longitudinal survey on the phenomenon.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to deploy AI affordances to extend empirical literature on the novel SIWAL concept for work adjustment among craft family business owner-managers in Africa.

Adaptations in Vocational Guidance: Experience from the Colombian Amazon

As we move into late postmodernity, the instruments and processes proposed require research and development processes that allow them to remain in force within current technological mediations and trends. In this context, the instruments that facilitate vocational guidance processes are included. Therefore, this innovation experience arises as a response to the needs present in the Colombian context, based on two objectives: To reduce the number of items in the CHASIDE vocational orientation test, 2) To validate the resulting test. A longitudinal study with a quantitative approach was carried out, with a convenience sampling in three Colombian municipalities during 2019-2023. Quantitative statistical analysis techniques, data were analyzed including statistics of mean, variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, hypothetical difference of means, degrees of freedom, t-statistic, P(t) and critical value of t (one tail and two tails), and others. Additionally, internal consistency was checked using Cronbach's Alpha. Managing to reduce the test from 98 items to 35 items, preserving its two dimensions (Aptitudes and Interests), with a simpler structure, which responds to a Multifactorial Profile (PM), its validation confirmed the new structure, that established 7 factors for the dimension of aptitudes, constituted by 27 items and 3 factors for the Interests dimension with 8 items. In conclusion, social changes are reflected in factor structures and their groupings within professions, leaving the unifactorial proposed by Holland in the RIASEC, to give way to interactions within aptitudes and interests. Aptitudes being more stable than interests over time.

Combined knee osteoarthritis and diabetes is associated with reduced muscle strength, physical inactivity, and poorer quality of life.

This study delves into the intriguing connection between knee osteoarthritis and diabetes in Malaysia. Specifically, the exacerbation of knee osteoarthritis in the presence of diabetes in terms of symptoms, physical performance, physical activity, psychological status, social participation, and quality of life was discussed. This cross-sectional study recruited adults aged 50 and above by convenient sampling and grouped them into: knee osteoarthritis-diabetes-, knee osteoarthritis+diabetes-, knee osteoarthritis-diabetes+, and knee osteoarthritis+diabetes+. Of 436 recruited participants, 261 (59.8%) participants reported knee osteoarthritis. Handgrip strength, Timed Up and Go test, 6 Meter Walk Test, and 5 Times Sit to Stand Test were measured using standardized procedures. Six questionnaires were administered for the remaining parameters. Across groups, there were significant differences: 6 Meter Walk Test (p = 0.024), Timed Up and Go test (p = 0.020), and 5 Times Sit to Stand Test (p < 0.001), quality of life (p = 0.009), and physical activity (p = 0.036). Knee osteoarthritis+diabetes+ was independently associated with reduced handgrip strength, 5 Times Sit to Stand Test, quality of life, and physical inactivity after adjustment. Knee osteoarthritis+diabetes- was independently associated with reduced Timed Up and Go test and social isolation. The findings revealed the diabetic knee osteoarthritis subgroup's unique physical and psychosocial features of reduced muscle strength and physical inactivity. Future studies should investigate whether managing metabolic factors, and enhancing physical activity and strength exercises, can reduce knee osteoarthritis symptoms and disease severity.

Domestic and Family Violence Screening and Response: A Prospective, Cross-Sectional, Mixed Methods Survey in Private Mental Health Clients.

Most domestic and family violence (DFV) research has focused on establishing prevalence and screening rates in public health and community samples. This study sought to address a gap in the literature by evaluating DFV screening and response practices in a private mental healthcare inpatient service and determining if clients of the service had unmet DFV needs. A prospective, convenience sample, mixed methods, cross-sectional survey of adult inpatient mental health consumers was employed. Sixty-two participants completed the Royal Melbourne Hospital Patient Family Violence Survey. Quantitative Likert-type and categorical responses were collated and analysed descriptively (count and percentage). Free-text responses were analysed using qualitative description within a content analysis framework. Sixty-five percent of participants had been screened for at least one DFV issue, on at least one occasion, with 35% not being screened, to their recall. Twenty-three percent reported disclosing DFV concerns, 82% felt very supported by the clinician's response to their disclosure, and 86% were provided with information they found helpful. Unmet needs were identified in 13% of participants, who had wanted to disclose DFV concerns but not feel comfortable to do so. No unscreened respondents disclosed DFV concerns, highlighting the need to uphold best practice guidelines for direct enquiry. Most disclosing clients were positive about the support they received. Indicated areas for improvement were screening rates, active follow-up, increasing psychology support levels and safety planning.

Service Quality Variables and Customer Satisfaction at A Nepalese Commercial Bank

Customer satisfaction is a critical component of banking strategy, which reflects customer sentiment towards an organization's offerings, emphasizing emotional attachment over mere satisfaction. This research investigates customer satisfaction in commercial banks of Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. The study conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using a quantitative research design, explicitly targeting 380 general customers of commercial banks in Kathmandu Valley through convenience sampling. Participants received a semi-structured questionnaire via email in Google Forms, encompassing inquiries on demographics, banking habits, and customer satisfaction. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20, and a p-value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The investigation found that the study population appears to be young, as 46.6% of the participants are in the 18–30 age range and predominantly male (56.6%). Most respondents (88.4%) hold accounts with private banks. Among those experiencing ATM service-related problems, 45.5% encountered them most frequently. Despite this, overall customer satisfaction remains high. Customers are notably content with the bank's reliability, including timely service and accurate record-keeping. Conversely, dissatisfaction mainly stems from communication issues, particularly regarding timely interest rates and service updates. Customer satisfaction is significantly influenced by service quality factors such as reliability, responsiveness, empathy, assurance, and communication. These findings highlight the necessity of addressing service challenges to enhance customer satisfaction and service quality within Nepal's banking sector.

Education policy intentions and principals’ and teachers’ conceptualizations of curriculum differentiation in Ethiopian secondary education

This study examined the intentions of education policy documents and the conceptualizations of secondary school principals and teachers regarding curriculum differentiation. Regular and special day schools were selected using purposive sampling based on their experiences with different types of curriculum differentiation. Two school principals and 17 subject teachers were selected using purposive and convenience samplings, respectively. The study analyzed national education policy documents (e.g., education and training policy and curriculum framework) and collected interview data from school principals and teachers. The two main national education policy documents conceptualize curriculum differentiation in terms of various tracks, like fields of study, streams, and school types. The other national document, the guideline for curriculum differentiation, emphasizes the differentiation of curriculum components—contents, instructional processes, assessment strategies, and learning environments—and highlights the importance of inclusive classrooms. Principals’ and teachers’ conceptualizations of curriculum differentiation vary across three levels: lacking awareness, holding divergent views, and aligning with policy intentions. The absence of a coherent policy guide and the lack of engagement of principals and teachers in reform ideas have contributed to these diverse conceptualizations. Additionally, the policy intentions seem inadequately addressed through curriculum differentiation practice by school types, such as regular, special day, and boarding schools, which do not correspond to variations in the types and levels of difficulty of the school subjects taught.

Creating exceptional guest experiences: the role of engagement and relationship building in hospitality

PurposeThe study seeks to explore the intricate dynamics among customer relationship management (CRM) practices, guest satisfaction and loyalty in the hospitality context. Additionally, it aims to examine the moderating influence of guest engagement on the relationships between CRM practices and guest satisfaction and loyalty.Design/methodology/approachAn integrated theoretical framework is developed by incorporating CRM practices and guest engagement into the satisfaction-loyalty framework. Two research instruments were adapted from the literature to assess the perspectives of customers and employees in the hotel industry in Kashmir. The customer survey measured guest satisfaction, loyalty, and engagement, while the employee survey focused on CRM practices, including key customer focus and CRM organization. Data was collected using a pen-and-paper survey with convenience sampling across 10 qualifying hotels, each classified as 3-star or above. A total of 270 matched responses from guests and employees were obtained and analyzed using descriptive analysis, structural equation modeling (SEM), and moderation analysis with SPSS and AMOS software. The study utilized a rigorous data matching process to ensure reliability, with guest-employee pairs verified and cross-checked with hotel records.FindingsThe results indicate CRM practices play a pivotal role in shaping guest satisfaction and loyalty. Notably, personalization and a targeted customer approach emerged as the most influential factors in enhancing tourist satisfaction. Similarly, prospecting, personalization, and effective knowledge management significantly contributed to visitor loyalty. The establishment of robust relationships is underscored through collaborative active guest engagement. Furthermore, the study highlights the nuanced relationship between satisfaction and loyalty moderated by guest engagement. High levels of guest engagement amplify the positive impact of satisfaction on loyalty, while lower engagement levels attenuate this effect. Moreover, the moderating influence of guest engagement on the relationships between CRM practices and guest satisfaction and CRM practices and guest loyalty was notably strong at elevated guest engagement levels and relatively weaker at lower engagement levels.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the study findings encourage organizations to prioritize customer relationship development, hospitality entities must emphasize the adoption of CRM philosophy and robust guest engagement measures. Actively involving guests in co-creating services can yield incremental benefits in terms of attracting, retaining, and effectively serving guests.Originality/valueThis study introduces novel dimensions to the existing CRM framework within the hospitality context, specifically exploring the impact of hotel-specific elements (personalization and prospecting) on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Furthermore, it innovatively investigates the moderating role of guest engagement in the satisfaction-loyalty relationship, expanding its scope to include the relationships between CRM practices and guest satisfaction and guest loyalty.

Evaluating the students’ academic performance in the higher education sector through using social media platforms

Purpose This study aims to explore the factors that affect higher education students’ behavioral intention and use of social media for educational purposes in the COVID-19 era, where the UTAUT2 model was adopted. Design/methodology/approach Convenience sampling was used to collect the required sample size and 301 completed questionnaires were analyzed. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS4. Findings The analysis highlights in this study that eight hypotheses were supported, whereas six were not. The evidence from this study suggests that students in Oman have the needed resources that facilitate their adoption and use of social media for learning. Also, they have a more robust tendency level for the intention to use it in the future. With these in hand, higher education institutions must enforce the use of social media in education to take advantage of its availability where students can access valuable learning content at no cost. Originality/value This study offers empirical evidence on critical success factors underlying using online learning systems that can help system developers, higher education institutions and policymakers develop better strategies and systems that can support students' online learning and education.

A qualitative study exploring the perinatal experiences of social stress among first- and second-generation immigrant parents in Quebec, Canada.

Perinatal psychological distress adversely impacts the well-being and social adjustment of parents and their children. Expectant parents who have migrated may be at higher risk for perinatal psychological distress due to various migration-specific stressors and healthcare service barriers. Limited studies have examined the perceived determinants of perinatal distress in immigrant parents, particularly men. This study explored first and second-generation immigrant parents' lived experiences of social stressors and facilitators of perinatal psychological well-being. Participants were recruited by convenience and purposive sampling as part of a larger study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted virtually with first and second-generation immigrant women and men in Quebec, Canada. An inductive thematic analysis was performed. Sixteen women (age = 34.8 ± 3.7 years) and ten men (age = 35.1 ± 4.9 years) from various ethnic backgrounds participated in the study at 7.4 ± 0.73 and 7.5 ± 0.72 months postpartum, respectively. Three themes were identified: (1) cultural pressures (cultural differences in parenting, gender-related cultural pressures, health and baby-related practices), (2) health and social service access(social benefits and resources, and systemic barriers in health care), and (3) discrimination (physical appearance or parental-related discrimination, gender-related discrimination, ethnic-related discrimination). First-generation immigrant parents reported greater acculturative stress (i.e. mental health stigma, health care access) and ethnic discrimination concerns related to their distress. Among men, barriers include feeling as though the paternal role was devalued by society and not receiving consideration by health care. Our results highlight different social factors of perinatal well-being perceived by men and women from various ethnic and immigration backgrounds during the perinatal period. Perceived factors include macro-level factors, such as a country's social climate, health and social policies and services, and social aspects of acculturative stress. Our findings suggest the need for continued efforts to challenge and eliminate discriminatory practices. Interventions and resources directed at first-generation immigrant parents should be bolstered. Understanding what parents perceive to facilitate or hinder their psychological well-being can help inform the development of tailored evidence-based programs and policies to better meet the mental health needs of Canadians and reduce gender disparities in the treatment of perinatal distress.

Factors Influencing the Willingness of Clinical Nurses to Participate in Narrative Nursing: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Narrative nursing (NN) is a crucial component of modern medical humanistic care. It involves utilising storytelling as a means to guide nurses in devising future interventions for patients, and help patients in reconstructing positive psychological defences. The willingness of clinical nurses to engage in narrative nursing holds significant implications for both effective communication and the overall quality of care. However, there is limited knowledge regarding clinical nurses' willingness to engage in narrative nursing. This study aims to investigate the participation willingness of Chinese nurses, identify its predictors and explore its corresponding reasons. A cross-sectional study. Clinical nurses were enrolled in Hunan province, Central South, China, and a convenience sampling strategy was used. A structured questionnaire was distributed to clinical nurses by an online survey platform. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, willingness and possible influencing factors (experience, ability, perceptions on narrative nursing) was collected. Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify the predictors of willingness to participate in narrative nursing. A total of 2310 nurses were recruited, of which 2092 nurses completed the questionnaire (response rate: 90.6%). One thousand seven hundred and thirty-four nurses (82.9%) were willing to participate in NN, and 358 (17.1%) were not. Binary logistic regression analysis identified nine predictors of participants' willingness to participate, including working departments, professional title, working position, experience of received mobilisation and training of NN, understanding of related knowledge, NCS level, affirmation of NN and positive attitude towards clinical application (all p values < 0.05). These indicators explained 17.1% of the variances in the dependent variable (p < 0.001). A high proportion of nurses in Hunan province were willing to practice in clinic using NN. Willingness to participate may be increased by a focus on nurses with low professional titles, no administrative position and working in specialised departments, such as emergency departments, infectious departments, critical care units and operating theatres. The study identified a high proportion of nurses in Hunan Province who were willing to use NN. However, the figure was slightly lower than expected. Influencing factors were analysed to give insights for managers to develop more effective NN outreach programs. No patient or public contribution.

How employees’ motivated needs relate to employees’ personal and workplace spirituality

PurposeThe aim of this paper was to examine the interrelationships between Maslow’s motivated needs in relation to employees’ personal and workplace spirituality experiences.Design/methodology/approachRegression analysis using a cross-sectional, convenience sampling approach of 158 US employees responding to survey questions using a Qualtrics survey related to their demographics, motivated needs, daily spirituality experiences, workplace spirituality, work spirituality experiences and work-related flow.FindingsCorrelation analyses provided support for Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in relation to employees’ daily spiritual experiences, workplace spirituality, work spirituality experiences and work-related flow. Regression analyses also identified the specific Maslow needs that served as predictive factors in relation to employees’ personal and workplace spirituality. Findings and conclusions are also discussed in relation to employees and organizations.Practical implicationsCurrently, there are no correlation studies that have examined workplace spirituality as an ethical behavior in the workplace and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This correlation gap is notable because further examination of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as a theoretical framework in relation to employees’ spirituality can be particularly valuable for contemporary work settings. Consider that today’s work environment is faced with dynamic and unique factors, and each of these factors not only changes the work environment but also they significantly drive or minimize employee motivation. Three such factors include new generations of employees with unique values entering the workforce and the great resignation and quiet quitting.Social implicationsThe study identifies that Maslow’s belonging, esteem and self-transcendence are related positively to employees’ spiritual experiences in the workplace. When these needs are fulfilled in the work environment, employees may be more likely to engage in spiritual practices at work, such as participating in yoga, prayer and meditation and in fulfilling one’s motivated needs and spirituality, employees are able to pursue their true purpose in the workplace.Originality/valueThis study extends the literature regarding understanding the value of workplace spirituality as a positive outcome for the employees and organizations.

A Research on Consumer views of the Impacts of Electronical Commerce

Commerce is a new term that refers to the practice of buying, selling, or exchanging services andinformation over computer networks. WOM marketing is the informal means of disseminatinginformation from one client to another without the intervention of a marketer. As a result, the study'sgoal is to concentrate on one sort of WOM online user-generated evaluations, despite the fact that othertypes of WOM are equally worthy of inquiry. This study examined the variables that impact and hinder ecommercedeployment among SMEs in the NCR. The convenience sampling strategy was used tochoose 10 SMEs for the sample size. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software wasused to provide analyses on demographic data, e-commerce benefits, barriers, perceived characteristics,and adoption based on study objectives. Profiles of SMEs will be displayed, along with frequency andpercentage distribution. T-test and ANOVA analyses were also used to evaluate the benefits anddrawbacks of e-commerce for various demographic groups. Despite the fact that other types of WOM areas deserving of inquiry, the current study focuses on one sort of WOM online consumer-generatedevaluations.

A Comparative Study to Appraise the Level of Behavioural Problems of Preschool Children with Employed and Unemployed Progenitor in the Selected Rural Area of Salem

Background: Preschool children exhibit deviated behavior from the normal behavior as expressed by mothers was assessed by using Modified Lenore Behar Preschool Behavioural rating scale, which will be categorized in to Temper tantrum, Speech disorder, Sleep disorder, eating habits, Pollex sucking, Onychophagia, Bed-wetting, Encopresis, Emotional stability, School refusal, Self-care activities and Social behavior.  Method: The study was applied descriptive research design. The researcher decided on 60 samples through convenience sampling technique, in which 30 were work in female parent and 30 samples were workless in female parent of nursery kid. Modified Lenore Behar Preschool Behavioural rating scale were used to gather the data. The appliances consist of two portion, division I: demographic variables of mother, division II: Modified Lenore Behar Prekindergarten Behavioural rating scale which include speech problem, sleep problem, eating habit, temper tantrum, thumb sucking, nail biting, self- help, encopresis, encopresis, school refusal, and social factor. Inferential statistics and descriptive statistics were utilized to assemble data.  Result: The findings stated that, the level of behavioural among 30 samples of employed mothers, 3(10%) had preschool children with Mild behavioural problems, 23(77%) had nipper with Moderate behavioural problems and 4(13%) of the samples had nipper with Severe behavioural problems and among. The 30 samples of unemployed mothers, 22(73%) had preschool children with Mild behavioural problems, 6(20%) had nursery school with Moderate habitual problems and 2(7%) of the samples had crèche with Severe habitual problems.  Conclusion: This study examined the prevalence of behavioral issues in nipper of work in female parent versus workless in female parent. The results indicated that preschoolers with employed mothers exhibited more behavioural problem compared to those with unemployed mothers. The research topic is important issue in the society for identifying the behavioral problem, the preschool children are the future wellbeing of the world So, it is necessary to aware the parent to prevent the behavioural problem of preschool children by treatment, psychological counseling and health education.

The Effect of Demographics on Investment Choice in Digital Currencies: An Empirical Study of Thai Investors

The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in Thai investors' demographic characteristics that influence their decision to invest in digital currencies. This study was quantitative research. The samples of this study were 400 Thai investors who invest in digitalcurrencies, using non-probability sampling by convenience sampling method. We employed a questionnaire as our research tool, demonstrating content validity of 1.00 and reliability of 0.70 across the entire questionnaire. We analysed the data using a one-way analysis of variance. The research discovered that different demographic factors of Thai investors, such as their age, average monthly income, duration of investments, and amount of money invested, influenced different investment decisions in digital currencies. However, the various demographic factors of Thai investors, such as their gender and level of education, did not influence different investment decisions in digital currencies. Digital currency investment providers can use these research results to develop strategies that accurately and successfully target or qualify investors.

Understanding Residents' and Supervisors' Views on Developing Support-Autonomy Balance Through Supervision Methods in Postgraduate Dental Training: AQualitative Study.

Supervisors continuously need to decide when to provide clinical opportunities for unsupervised patient care to facilitate residents' development in the complex clinical learning context. The aim of this study is to explore residents' and supervisors' views and understanding of the influence of clinical supervision on affording a balanced support-autonomy from the cognitive apprenticeship (CA) theoretical lens. Residents and supervisors, representing all disciplines, participated in five focus groups and four semi-structured individual interviews. Purposive and convenience sampling methods were used for recruiting participants. The reflexive thematic analysis approach was used for inductive data analysis. A total of 15 residents and 8 supervisors participated in this study. All agreed that CA teaching methods can be applied across all levels. Participants experienced changes in their supervision methods and supervisor-resident interactions at different levels of training. They related the selection of supervision to task-, resident- and supervisor-related factors. Learning facilitating factors in clinical learning environment were identified and suggestions to enrich residents' learning experiences were also reported. The current study found that a one-size-fits-all paradigm may not be effective for clinical supervision. It contributes to our understanding of how the CA model may be used to guide supervisor behaviour and how such practices can be modified to residents' level of development and competencies.

The skills dimension in the talent acquisition processes of Greek private schools

This paper explores the processes involved in talent acquisition practices, including recruitment, selection, and professional development within the context of private schools in Greece. Unlike the standardized recruitment and selection processes observed in the Greek public educational sector, which assess formal qualifications alongside social criteria, the private sector in Greece adopts a talent acquisition approach primarily based on job-matching theory. The theoretical section of the paper examines the divergence in talent acquisition processes between the Greek public and private educational sectors. In the empirical research section, the study presents findings from qualitative research conducted through semi-structured interviews with 15 managers from private schools in Northern Greece. Thematic analysis was employed for data analysis, with convenience sampling utilized as the sampling method. The research aims to capture managers' perspectives on selection methods, training practices, and professional development initiatives for educational staff. The findings highlight the emphasis placed on soft skills during the recruitment process, the diverse blend of skills and qualifications that form the occupational profile demanded and the significant role of managers in facilitating the professional growth of educational staff.

The Impact of Intrinsic Motivation on the Sustainable Extra-Role Performance with the Mediating Role of Job Engagement

Employee motivation and engagement are crucial in attaining optimum workplace productivity because when employees are driven and interested in their duties, they are more likely to give more of themselves, be more innovative, and actively contribute to the organization’s success. The goal of this study is to examine the effects of intrinsic motivation and staff engagement on extra-role performance. It also examines how employee engagement functions as a mediating factor between these factors. The research participants are workers of a Kosovo-based energy production firm. The data were gathered using the convenience sample approach, with 350 people working in various jobs and locations. To investigate the study’s hypotheses, we employed the PROCESS 4 macro model and multiple regression analysis. The study found that motivation from within improves job performance and has a positive relationship with work engagement. Similarly, when the influence of engagement on extra-role performance was investigated, the findings found that engagement had a very significant effect. Furthermore, there was evidence of a positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and extra-role performance, with work engagement serving as a moderator. This study makes an important contribution that sustainably motivated and engaged employees are essentially more likely to stay in the organization, reducing the cost of staff turnover. Good employee performance increases the organization’s ability to adapt to change and innovate, contributing to long-term sustainability.

Factors Associated with Medication Noncompliance in Dogs in New Zealand

Client compliance with prescribed medication instructions to treat their pets is a concern. This study describes factors associated with the noncompliance of dog owners with veterinary recommendations for medication, as well as client-reported barriers and aids to administering medications. A cross-sectional survey of dog owners’ compliance with veterinary medication recommendations was performed from 9 January 2019 to 18 July 2020. A convenience sample of owners who prescribed medication for their dogs during or following elective veterinary examination was surveyed regarding medication administration experience and compliance. Owners were followed up to determine if the course of medication had been completed. Compliance data were analyzed descriptively. Logistic regression was performed with compliance as the outcome. Medication noncompliance was recorded for 47% (71/151) of owners. Increasing dog age was associated with better owner compliance (p &lt; 0.05). Pet owners who used “nothing” as an aid to medicating were less likely to be noncompliant (p &lt; 0.05). Forty-seven percent (71/151) of owners reported that “nobody” showed them how to administer the medication. One-third of dog owners (47/151) reported challenges in medicating their pets. The most common reason cited by clients reporting challenges was a resistant pet. Demonstration of medication administration techniques and discussion about available aids to medicating a pet may improve client compliance.

Examining posttraumatic growth among Turkish family caregivers of cancer patients.

Cancer is a deadly disease that affects millions of people worldwide and is a source of great difficulty, stress, and trauma not only for patients but also for their caregivers. The physical and emotional suffering that patients experience by patients can lead their caregivers to cope with constant anxiety, sadness, and uncertainty. Moreover, during the cancer treatment process, caregivers must make a great effort to meet the needs of patients and support them. This situation may negatively affect the quality of life and psychological health of cancer patients' caregivers and may lead them to experience trauma. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine posttraumatic growth's relationship with age, the transformative power of suffering, and hope in family caregivers of cancer patients. Participants consisted of 314 Turkish family caregivers of cancer patients (73.2% women; Mage = 39.89years) selected by using convenience sampling method. Participants answered a data collection tool consisting of a demographic information form, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Trait Hope Scale, and Transformative Power of Suffering Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient analysis, simple mediation analysis, and moderated mediation analysis. The results of this study revealed that hope mediated the association between the transformative power of suffering and posttraumatic growth in family caregivers of cancer patients, whereas age moderated this relationship. Psychosocial support programs for cancer caregivers could benefit from incorporating interventions that explore the transformative potential of suffering and cultivate hope. Tailoring these interventions to address the specific needs of different age groups may enhance their effectiveness. Future researchers should investigate the factors associated with posttraumatic growth in caregivers across diverse cultures, age ranges, and cancer diagnoses.