Controversial Moments Research Articles

Reacting to the Past Games in the Criminal Justice Classroom

While student engagement and student-centered learning have been demonstrated, at length, to increase academic achievement, how can criminal justice as an academic field continue to effectively engage students in a contemporary society that appears to be ever more based on dogmatic tribes and beliefs? The answer might be reacting to the past (RTTP) games which utilize “elaborately designed role-playing games set in pivotal historical moments of clashing ideas and interests” to increase student engagement and academic performance. When confronted with a controversial topic in criminal justice, one that fits well into the aforementioned dogmatic tribal belief structure, instructors might see the task of student engagement daunting. Utilizing RTTP as part of their pedagogical approach would provide instructors with a tool that places students in similar controversial moments with little to argue as the historical events the RTTP game is based on is well recorded.

Issues of the Russian judicial system in the 1860–1880s in M.N. Katkov’s works

Importance. The conservative trend in Russian social thought of the second half of the 19th century is one of the main goals of research in history science. The views analysis of one of the most prominent Russian conservatives, M.N. Katkov, on the new institutions of the Russian judicial system, the judicial corps after the reform of 1864 reflects the role of a well-known publicist and his influence on the masses and state judicial policy in the era of reforms and counter-reforms. The purpose of the study is to identify issues on a given topic in M.N. Katkov’s works, to describe the main conclusions of M.N. Katkov regarding the Russian judicial system in the 1860s and 1880s.Materials and Methods. The main sources of the study are numerous publications by M.N. Katkov, reflecting his views on the Russian judicial system in the 1860s and 1880s, and in particular on institutions new to the Russian state, law and society: world justice, cassation departments of the Governing Senate, jury trial. Additional sources of the study are the works of Russian scientists of the second half of the 19th century on a given topic. The methodological basis of the study is both general and particular methods of scientific cognition: the structural analysis method, which made it possible to assess changes in Russian society in the second half of the 19th century; the historical-comparative method, with which general and particular conclusions are drawn in the study by comparing different points of view on the Russian judicial system; the historical-systemic method that made it possible to comprehensively analyze the views of Russian researchers in the 1860s and 1880s on the post-reform Russian judicial system, in particular on world justice, cassation departments of the Governing Senate, jury trial; the logical method that allowed to identify the reasons for the change in M.N. Katkov’s views on the Russian judicial system in the 1860s and 1880s; other methods of scientific knowledge are also used.Results and Discussion. M.N. Katkov’s views on the Russian judicial system as a whole, and in particular on three institutions introduced as a result of the judicial reform of 1864: world justice, cassation departments of the Governing Senate, jury trial, are considered. The analysis of publications by a well-known journalist on problematic issues in the activities of these institutions is carried out. The influence of M.N. Katkov’s journalism on the state life of the Russian Empire in the 1860s–1880s is noted, the analysis of the reasons for the change in M.N. Katkov’s views on the Russian judicial system of in the post-reform period is given.Conclusion. The study of M.N. Katkov’s views allows us to present the complex process of struggle between the two main currents of public thought in Russia of the second half of the 19th century (liberals, conservatives) on issues of the Russian judicial system, as well as to note the most problematic and controversial moments in the provisions implementation of the Judicial Statutes of November 20, 1864, to understand the causes of disputes. The conclusion is made about the conflict of the main provisions of the Judicial Statutes of November 20, 1864 with the M.N. Katkov’s autocratic philosophy, which caused a change in the attitude of the famous publicist to the judicial reform carried out in the Russian Empire, and also determined M.N. Katkov’s apologetics in the era of the so-called counter-reforms.

Problems of knowledge, problems of order: the open science field site

Ethnographers can and should not justdoornot doopen science, butstudythe push to share data, instruments, and other research materials as an important moment of change and contest in contemporary knowledge-making and knowledge politics. Following ethnographers of science and technology who have demonstrated the analytic opportunities afforded by moments of scientific controversy, we should treat the places where these calls are made, debated, and taken up as important field sites for ethnographic inquiry. Whenever and wherever the sharing of data, instruments, and research is discussed, planned, done, measured, judged, or regulated, there are powerful claims, visions, and action concerning what makes for facticity, legitimacy, and credibility in both research and politics. From these sites, I argue, we can observe changes to disciplinary and popular understandings of epistemic virtue, or what makes for reliable, factual, or adequately transparent knowledge production. Attention to these sites can also yield important perspectives on the ways that visions of proper research conduct are imbricated with visions of governance. I argue that turning ethnographic methods to studying the open science movement can enable us to do timely scholarship about shifting understandings of facticity, knowledge, information, and governance.

Experience of organizing outpatient anesthetic care at Endoscopy centre of Multidisciplinary city clinic

The experience of management anesthetic support in a streaming outpatient endoscopic center is presented on the example of 16,956 anesthesia. Patients were stratified according to the degree of risk, complications and adverse outcomes. Analyzed preoperative and postoperative logistics. Controversial moments and prospects of anesthetic practice in outpatient intraluminal endoscopic procedures are presented.

A Dance of Crown and Parliament: Empire and Reform in the Age of Liverpool

Abstract The apparent contradictions of British politics in the early nineteenth century have long confounded historians. Lord Liverpool’s ministry (1812–27) vehemently, and often violently, rejected constitutional change. Yet it simultaneously implemented a raft of improvements in governance. We argue here that empire is key to resolving this conundrum. Particularly from 1822, the Liverpool ministry launched a constitutional overhaul of empire through one of the most ambitious information-gathering efforts undertaken by the British imperial state: commissions of inquiry. Creatures of the royal prerogative, these investigations amassed ‘on the spot’ information to underpin genuine conservative interventions into colonial law and governance. At the same time, they curated colonial controversy in order to subvert hostile parliamentary interference at a time when Liverpool’s hold on power was particularly tenuous. Inquiry and reform were profoundly shaped by the delicate dance of Crown and parliament. By exploring three moments of controversy in New South Wales, Jamaica and the Cape Colony between 1819 and 1826, we argue that colonial royal commissions showcase the workings of Tory innovation by laying bare the mix of reformism, conservatism and pragmatism that undergirded this unstable regime.

REGARDING TERMS FOR ACCEPTING THE INHERITANCE

The article is devoted to the study of topical issues of the essence and temporal characteristics of the realisation of the right to inheritance. The temporal dimension of the general period for acceptance of inheritance is considered and emphasis is placed on the unequal approaches of the legislator in the norms regulating the general rules of the beginning of civil law periods and the beginning of the period for acceptance of inheritance. It is emphasized that from the point of view of civil law, this period belongs to preclusive periods, i.e. those with which the existence of the right itself is connected. The novelties related to the introduction of martial law regarding the duration of the terms for accepting inheritance, which were introduced by the relevant Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, were analyzed. Attention is focused on their critical assessment by the highest judicial body, taking into account the vertical dimension of the hierarchy of acts of civil legislation. It is emphasized that certain doctrinal conflicts of the very content of the right to restore the missed deadline for accepting the inheritance and providing an additional deadline for its acceptance. It is contemplated that expedient to consider cases on granting an additional term not as a claim, but as a separate proceeding, and it is also suggested to review the approach to determining the person who is the proper defendant for claims on granting an additional term for accepting inheritance. A systematic analysis of the legal norms the three-month inheritance acceptance period was carried out and the cases for which such a period is relevant were highlighted. It is emphasized the possibility of certain controversial moments that may occur in the case of the simultaneous presence of such legal facts as the acceptance of the inheritance by the heir within the three-month period and the court’s satisfaction of the claim for granting an additional period to the person who missed it for valid reasons. Through the prism of the application of such a principle of civil law as a principle of justice, including, and from the position of analogy of law, the possibility of re-applying to the court to grant an additional term for accepting the inheritance was considered.

Ukrajinská etnogenéza: antský kmeňový zväz

Scientific research and explanation of the Ukrainian ethnogenesis of the 3rd–7th century, i.e. the social, economic and military-political life of the Ante tribal union is currently very relevant. There are several basic approaches within the scientific-historical heritage of the Ante issue formed from the second half of the 19th to the beginning of the 21st century. Some authors point to the non-Slavic origin of the Antes, other researchers justify their Slavic origin and some of researchers prove that the Antes appeared in historical sources under its own name and they are the direct ancestors of the Ukrainian nation. Despite the numerous historiographical heritages of the history of the Ante tribal union, not all questions of this scientific problem are fully and evenly explained. There are some controversial moments as well. Considering this fact, the authors of the study aim to research the Ukrainian ethnogenesis of the 3rd–7th century, i.e. socio-economic and socio-political life of the Ante tribal union. The object of the research is thus the Ante tribal union; the subject of research is the etymology of the ethnonym „Ant“, the first written reports, the economic basis of the Ante tribal union and its socio-political and military organisation.

Alfabetizar é mais que ensinar um código: discurso e autoria no ensino da língua

Abstract This article aims to discuss the use of the phonic method in literacy, preconized, in the midst of a “methods quarrel,” as the only evidence-based way to teach literacy. Although this discussion is not recent, from 2019 on, it gains strength by integrating the National Literacy Policy (PNA) [Portuguese acronym of the name], in a very controversial moment regarding the directions of education in the country. In this context, the discussion proposed here is based on the dialogue with authors such as Cecília Goulart, Magda Soares, João Wanderley Geraldi, among others who have dedicated their studies to literacy and contributed to the expansion of the debate on teaching of the mother tongue. Supported by these authors and by the Bakhtinian perspective on language, this article also presents pedagogical practices performed by undergraduate students of the Pedagogy course at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) in the scope of the extension project “The school-university partnership in children’s literacy and the initial training of literacy teachers”, through which they are inserted into the daily life of public schools and participate in the planning and development of didactic projects focused on children’s literacy. From the proposed discussions in this article and the performance of the undergraduates, one can glimpse practices based on the discursiveness of human relations, which are shown to be potent for the valorization of children’s voices, their authorship as readers and writers, and their protagonism in the literacy process, seeking to expand their repertoire of cultural practices of reading and writing and their formation as socio-historical and cultural subjects in the struggle for social inclusion.

Функция предисловий в творчестве Ф.М. Достоевского (о книге Л. Бэгби)

The review analysis the main theses contained in the monograph by Lewis Bagby, American slavicist, Professor Emeritus of Russian literature and language at the University of Wyoming, First Words: On Dostoevsky’s Introductions, that researches the functions of prefaces/introductions in Dostoevsky’s literary works. Bagby identifies ten Dostoevsky’s texts (The Village of Stepanchikovo and Its Inhabitants, Notes from the House of the Dead, Winter Notes on Summer Impressions, Notes from the Underground, “Bobok”, The Devils, “The Beggar Boy at Christ’s Christmas Tree”, “The Peasant Marey”, “A Gentle Creature”, and The Brothers Karamazov) and attempts to analyze the introductions using Gérard Genette’s typology. This classification seems ill-suited to the task of describing and studying the introductions in Dostoevsky’s work. The review points out inconsistencies and controversial moments in the book.

Brigham Young and the Expansion of the Mormon Faith

Brigham Young and the Expansion of the Mormon Faith

Appropriating the Literature: Alcohol Industry Actors' Interventions in Scientific Journals

One research group has recently published three articles on the ways in which alcohol companies and industry social aspects organizations (SAOs) communicate with the public. These articles show how the information produced by the alcohol industry works to produce doubt and uncertainty. Replies from SAOs were published in the respective scientific journals. This article examines these "moments of controversy," asking in what ways, on which grounds, do the SAOs contest the claims made about them? Three moments of controversy were examined, prompted by articles on SAO information on cancer, on use of Twitter, and on pregnancy and fertility. The articles (n = 3), the responses from the SAOs (n = 8), and the replies by authors Petticrew and colleagues (n = 4), were analyzed, identifying the rhetorical repertoires at work. The responses by SAOs use two main strategies: 1. Posing narrow questions of accuracy rather than engaging with the overall findings of the articles on the context and framing of information; and 2. Making normative claims about what it is to do good science, suggesting that the articles and their findings are not. The second strategy questions the very legitimacy of research examining SAOs. The credibility of being published in the scientific literature affords the responses themselves a rhetorical function, a resource for later use to signal doubt and uncertainty. The SAO interventions in the scientific literature generate controversies. Furthermore, the published traces they leave in the scientific literature enhance SAOs' ability to make credible claims that the original findings were controversial.

Doing violence to evidence on violence? How the alcohol industry created doubt in order to influence policy.

In 2015/2016 controversy followed the publication of a report on an anthropological study of Australian and New Zealand night-time economies funded by a major alcohol producer. This paper explores the background, moments of public controversy and political uses of the report. Informed by the sociology of scientific controversies, we review the available relevant work of the author of the report, associated material such as press releases, newspaper articles (n=18) and industry submissions to government (n=12). Attention was paid to the ways in which claims were made about the relationship between alcohol and violence, and the ways in which credibility and legitimacy were constructed. The author of the report has longstanding associations with alcohol industry organisations. Claims made regarding alcohol and violence have remained highly consistent over time, and appear oblivious to developments in the evidence. In the media, the story was largely framed as a contest of credibility between compromised parties. The report continues to be used in alcohol industry submissions to government. This analysis suggests that this is a 'counterfeit scientific controversy'; in our assessment, the report has had value not as a contribution to the scientific literature, but as a resource in the claims-making practices of the alcohol industry. Studies of the ways in which industry actors foster science-related content conducted at significant social and conceptual distance from the core of the relevant research community will enhance understandings of the ways in which industry actors engage with science and policy.

G. M. Sprengtporten (1740—1819) v otechestvennoj istoriografii

The article is devoted to the study of G.M. Sprengtporten’s (1740-1819) personality and activities by Russian historians. The authors analyze the works of the prerevolutionary, Soviet and modern periods, highlight the most significant studies devoted to G.M. Sprengtporten, the history of Finland and Russian-Swedish relations, as well as other events of the late 18 - early 19 centuries, in which the hero of the article was involved. The characteristics of the controversial moments encountered in historical works, which relate to the political and state activities of G.M. Sprengtporten, are given.

TWO IMAGES OF MAKARENKO'S MAIN OPPONENT: VARIABILITY OF VALENTINA DUCHEN'S LIFE PATH

The article is devoted to the coverage of the eventful life path of A. Makarenko’s main ideological opponent – an active revolutionary, a well-known figure in national education, author of numerous pedagogical publications Valentina Diushen.The nature of V. Diushen's social origin and education, details of her revolutionary and educational-managerial activity, publishing activity are revealed, little-known biographical information about her family members is presented: the first husband – Borys Diushen, the second husband – Volodymyr Aussem, son – Ihor Diushen. The chronology of all known controversial moments of professional dialogue of V. Diushen and A. Makarenko is presented in detail. For the first time in the Makarenko literature, documentary evidence of A. Makarenko's reports on V. Duchen's affiliation with the Trotskyi opposition is presented.The set of found materials presents Valentina Diushen as a large-scale personality of a highly professional, active, able-bodied, and principled figure in the history of national education. However, it is the ambiguity, the contradiction of this figure that determines its opposed assessments by contemporaries.The conflict between Makarenko and Diushen must be viewed in two planes, the objective and the subjective. On the one hand, the tension of their professional relations as representatives of innovative pedagogy is evidence of the struggle that always accompanies the assertion of any new doctrine. On the other hand, both of these figures were extremely bright, original figures and, at the same time, extremely ambitious personalities. At the same time, the ambition and irresistibility of V. Diushen towards the self-confident but non-partisan head of the provincial institution were dictated by its administrative status, membership in the political elite, and metropolitan education and social background.So far, it is difficult to explain whether Diushen's opposition in any way influenced her pedagogical views, but it should be noted that A. Makarenko in his criticism of her makes a special emphasis on this circumstance.

Changing How We Teach Acid-Base Chemistry: A Proposal Grounded in Studies of the History and Nature of Science Education.

We propose explicit and implicit approaches for the teaching of acid-base chemistry based on research into the history and nature of science (NoS). To support these instructional proposals, we identify four rationales for students to understand acid-base processes: daily life, socio-scientific, curriculum, and history of science. The extensive bibliography on misconceptions at all educational levels justifies the need for a change from the usual pedagogical approaches to teaching the acid-base domain (traditionally involving conceptual-focused teaching) to a deeper and more meaningful approach that provides (implicitly or explicitly) a chance to reflect on how scientific knowledge is constructed. Controversial moments in science from 1923, when three researchers (Bronsted, Lowry, and Lewis) independently enunciated two theories from two different paradigms (dissociation and valence electron), underpin our first sequence with an explicit NoS approach for both lower secondary school and upper secondary or university levels. Our inquiry teaching cycle promotes the transformation of a hands-on activity (using cabbage as an indicator) into an inquiry, and subsequently, we use an historical model to propose a sequence of activities based on the modeling cycle of Couso and Garrido-Espeja for lower secondary school. Finally, we identify some implications for a model-focused teaching approach for upper secondary and university levels using more sophisticated models.

Boundary Work and Boundary Objects: Synthesizing Two Concepts for Moments of Controversy

There are two boundary concepts utilized in technical and professional communication (TPC) scholarship: boundary work and, to a lesser degree, boundary objects. Boundary work functions to demarcate, incorporate, and expel particular ideas, groups, and practices from a field or profession. Boundary objects enhance the capacity of ideas, practices, and theories to translate across different groups. Together, these concepts are useful to TPC scholars interested in moments of controversy. In this essay, I explore the dialectical relationship between these two concepts and apply the resulting synthesis to a contemporary case study, the use of fecal microbiota transplants. I argue that the human microbiome functions as a boundary object and opens space within medicine’s own boundary work for the inclusion of fecal microbiota transplants. Together, the dialectical concepts of boundary work and boundary object create a new kind of analytic that allows TPC scholars to map boundary transformations, recognize moments for intervention, and create strategies for collaboration.

К вопросу о защите имущественных прав несовершеннолетних

Examines the existing in Russia ways to protect the rights and legitimate interests of minors in civil and family law. The practice of applying the norms of modern civil and family law when juveniles exercise their property rights is analyzed. We consider the conditions under which the protection if the rights of minors is possible both within the framework of protection and protection of property, inheritance rights of the child, rights to alimony obligations. The rights of the child to the occupied premises are considered. Various interpretations of the legal regime of property acquired for a child are investigated. Measures aimed at exercising proper control over the procedure for spending alimony of parents with whom a minor child lives are determined. The features of the legal regulation of entrepreneurial activity with the participation of minors are examined, and the issues of legal capacity and legal capacity of a minor who is an individual entrepreneur are studied. The problems and controversial moments that arise in practice when carrying out entrepreneurial activities of minors who do not have full legal capacity are identified. Discusses discussion questions regarding the age at which a citizen has the opportunity to conduct business. In this regard, a number of changes and amendments to the legislation are proposed.

К вопросу о квалификации преступлений, совершаемых с использованием скимминга, по Уголовному кодексу Российской Федерации

The paper deals with the qualification of crimes committed using skimming. Theft using modern technologies, including skimming, gives rise to the lack of uniform application of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in qualifying these crimes. The issues of qualification of crimes committed us-ing skimming are slightly developed in mono-graphic and periodical literature. In the article, the author analyzes the possibility of various approach-es to the qualification of crimes committed using skimming, depending on the moment of termination of criminal activity. The paper broadly analyzes the judicial practice of applying the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in 1996 regarding qualification of theft using skimming in different regions of the Russian Federation. At the same time, various op-tions for possible qualifications are considered, problematic and controversial moments of qualifica-tion of crimes committed using skimming are ana-lyzed. The article is of an applied nature and is fo-cused on law enforcement and other persons inter-ested in the problems of applying the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Career centers in the system of vocational education: problems of functioning and ways of their solution

There is noted in the article, that at the modern stage of civilization development, complicated by processes of digitalization and technologization of society, human self-realization as a person, professional, competitive specialist is possible only at the expanse of constant improvement of professionally important qualities, widening of professional knowledge, development of correspondent abilities and skills (depending on specificity of a profession, requirements to the professional activity, peculiarities of actions that is concrete labor circumstances). In this connection a special importance is inherent to centers of vocational career, created at bases of vocational and higher educational institutions, which activity is oriented mainly on forming adequate understandings about conditions and prospects of own career at the modern labor market in future specialists. All the aforesaid conditioned a necessity to conduct a special study. That is why the special attention in the publication is paid to the elucidation of information-analytic information, obtained as a result of studying the real condition of the activity of consulting centers, created at bases of vocational (vocational-technical) educational institutions. There are revealed positive sides and controversial moments of the activity of such structural subdivisions at educational institutions. There are analyzed actual functions of vocational career consulting centers at educational institutions: evaluative-diagnostic, integrative-coordinating, informative-stimulating, learning-communicative and regulative, socialization-consulting. The integral realization of these functions provides resolution of controversies of career consulting of the studying youth, namely mismatch between: ideal understanding and real profile of a concrete profession or specialty, subjective comprehension and ignoring of career orientations by the youth and also allow students to correct their self-appreciation of individual-personal qualities. There are offered constructive ways of solving problems, appearing in the functioning process of vocational career consulting centers at vocational educational institutions

José Saramago: Rota de Vida. Uma Biografia by Joaquim Vieira

Reviews 106 pioneers in this field, deserve much credit for their courage and enterprise. They do not shy away from difficulties, and for the most part they are accurate. Yet their versions can read rather flatly, partly because they have a tendency to use the closest English equivalent of a Portuguese word or turn of phrase. Sometimes a slightly less respectful attitude to the original can pay off. Here is an example: ‘De casa, e das portas adentro tendes o exemplo de toda esta verdade’ is rendered ‘There are examples of all this truth from homes and indoors’. A freer translation seems justified, perhaps: ‘Your own private lives at home provide an example of this truth in its entirety’. The translators refer to Arnaldo do Espírito Santo’s critical edition of Vieira, still in progress, which has reached two of the sermons in the present volume. They might have made more use of the editor’s glossary and notes: ‘generoso’ is glossed as ‘noble’, not ‘generous’, and ‘com suas pensões’ has nothing to do with lodgings; as Espírito Santo explains in a note, the phrase means ‘à sua custa’ [at his expense]. But this reviewer’s quibbles are not to be taken too seriously. The translation is an important enterprise, and for the most part carried off with success. Joaquim Vieira, José Saramago: Rota de Vida. Uma Biografia (Porto: Livros Horizonte, 2018). 752 pages + 8 pages of illustrations. Print. Reviewed by David G. Frier (University of Leeds, CLEPUL/FLUL) This extensive biography of Saramago offers a portrait of the novelist’s lengthy life and ascent from rural poverty in the Ribatejo to his crowning success as a Nobel Prize-winning novelist. Vieira has conducted extensive research to inform his ambitious project: he has sought out documentary evidence (including detailed records of Saramago’s schooling, civil personal records, and PIDE files compiled under the dictatorship); he has conducted extensive interviews with individuals who had in-depth dealings with him, obtaining frank insights from his widow, Pilar del Río, and also from his long-time editor at Editorial Caminho, Zeferino Coelho, from members of the Portuguese Communist Party, and even from those whose relations with him had become strained or broken down during the course of his life (not least relatives of Ilda dos Reis and Isabel da Nóbrega, his two previous partners before Pilar del Río). In particular, Vieira makes an honest attempt to assess the extent to which Isabel da Nóbrega may have assisted the novelist’s ascent to fame, partly due, no doubt, to the contacts which her privileged background helped him establish in Lisbon. It is to be commended that Vieira has thus sought to reflect both the positive and the negative angles on the author, eschewing (although frequently noting) the all-too-frequently polarized opinions expressed both about his personality and his work. The portrait offered is of a fundamentally private individual whose relentless pursuit of creative success and recognition (including the Reviews 107 sustained ambition for achieving the award of the Nobel Prize) owed much to a need to prove himself to be in no way inferior to more privileged talents. The discussion of some of the more controversial moments in Saramago’s life (such as the dismissal of dissenting journalists during his time as an editor at the Diário de Notícias in 1975 or the abrupt break with the Sociedade Portuguesa de Autores in 2003) is sensitive, seeks out multiple perspectives and does not attempt to offer definitive judgements on issues where many of the principal protagonists are now dead. Equally, while Vieira acknowledges and offers lengthy and serious discussion of allegations made against Saramago of sexual harassment and infidelity towards his partners, he also seeks out instances of his generosity (including paying for representatives of the rural community in Monte Lavre to attend the launch of Levantado do Chão at the Casa do Alentejo in Lisbon in 1980), his willingness to go above and beyond the call of duty in helping others, and the immense energy which he devoted to supporting causes close to his heart. Vieira is also resourceful in examining the nuances of...