Method For Controlled Release Research Articles

Controlled Drug Release Systems for Cerebrovascular Diseases

AbstractThis review offers a comprehensive exploration of optimized drug delivery systems tailored for controlled release and their crucial role in addressing cerebrovascular diseases. Through an in‐depth analysis, various controlled release methods, including nanoparticles, liposomes, hydrogels, and other emerging technologies are examined. Highlighting the importance of precise drug targeting, it is delved into the underlying mechanisms of these delivery systems and their potential to improve therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. Additionally, the specific applications of these optimized drug delivery systems in treating cerebrovascular disorders such as ischemic stroke, cerebral aneurysms, and intracranial hemorrhage are discussed. By shedding light on the advancements in drug delivery techniques and their implications in cerebrovascular medicine, this review offers valuable insights into the future of therapeutic interventions in neurology.

Glucosamine sulfate-loaded nanofiber reinforced carboxymethyl chitosan sponge for articular cartilage restoration

Cartilage is severely limited in self-repair after damage, and tissue engineering scaffold transplantation is considered the most promising strategy for cartilage regeneration. However, scaffolds without cells and growth factors, which can effectively avoid long cell culture times, high risk of infection, and susceptibility to contamination, remain scarce. Hence, we developed a cell- and growth factor-dual free hierarchically structured nanofibrous sponge to mimic the extracellular matrix, in which the encapsulated core–shell nanofibers served both as mechanical supports and as long-lasting carriers for bioactive biomass molecules (glucosamine sulfate). Under the protection of the nanofibers in this designed sponge, glucosamine sulfate could be released continuously for at least 30 days, which significantly accelerated the repair of cartilage tissue in a rat cartilage defect model. Moreover, the nanofibrous sponge based on carboxymethyl chitosan as the framework could effectively fill irregular cartilage defects, adapt to the dynamic changes during cartilage movement, and maintain almost 100 % elasticity even after multiple compression cycles. This strategy, which combines fiber freeze-shaping technology with a controlled-release method for encapsulating bioactivity, allows for the assembly of porous bionic scaffolds with hierarchical nanofiber structure, providing a novel and safe approach to tissue repair.

Application of Electrospun Drug-Loaded Nanofibers in Cancer Therapy.

In the 21st century, chemotherapy stands as a primary treatment method for prevalent diseases, yet drug resistance remains a pressing challenge. Utilizing electrospinning to support chemotherapy drugs offers sustained and controlled release methods in contrast to oral and implantable drug delivery modes, which enable localized treatment of distinct tumor types. Moreover, the core-sheath structure in electrospinning bears advantages in dual-drug loading: the core and sheath layers can carry different drugs, facilitating collaborative treatment to counter chemotherapy drug resistance. This approach minimizes patient discomfort associated with multiple-drug administration. Electrospun fibers not only transport drugs but can also integrate metal particles and targeted compounds, enabling combinations of chemotherapy with magnetic and heat therapies for comprehensive cancer treatment. This review delves into electrospinning preparation techniques and drug delivery methods tailored to various cancers, foreseeing their promising roles in cancer treatment.

Synthesis of superabsorbent composite based on chitosan-g-poly(acrylamide)/attapulgite

The production of environmentally friendly SAP using biodegradable natural resources such as chitosan was synthesized for water saving and controlled-released fertilizer. Chitosan-g-poly(acrylamide)/attapulgite superabsorbent composites (CTS) were created by crosslinking N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) with chitosan (Ch), acrylamide, and attapulgite (ATP) and initiating the reaction with potassium persulfate (KPS). Spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the composite structures. It was done to determine how certain characteristics, such as the initiator percentage, crosslinker ratio, and clay content, affected the composite's ability to swell. The results confirmed that the thermal stability of the composite was improved by the addition of ATP. The maximum swelling was attained when the KPS concentration was 0.1 g. However, the addition of 0.2 g of KPS created a composite with a lower swelling capacity. When the amount of ATP was increased by up to 0.4 g, the swelling increased from 210 to 319 g/g. However, as the clay amount was increased further to 1.2 g, the swelling capacity decreased to 170 g/g. As pH increased to 3.0, the swelling of ATP2 grew larger; nevertheless, it shrank between pH values of 3 and 6. As the pH climbed to 8, the swelling sharply grew. The chosen composition was evaluated as a controlled-release method for urea fertilizer and swelled to 319 g/g in water (CTS2). The findings demonstrated that when the formulation's ATP content was increased from 0 to 1.2 g, the release rate was delayed, and the release length increased from 5 to 21 h.Graphical abstract

Preparation, Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose and Chlordiazepoxide Tablets for Oral Drug Delivery

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a highly purified form of cellulose that offers several benefits, including an ultrafine fiber network, a high water retention capacity, and simple fabrication into desired forms. There has been a recent uptick in BC’s focus on drug delivery for biomedical applications. Studies on prodrug design, controlled-release methods, and pill coating have all been conducted for BC. This research was done to determine if BC might be employed as a medication carrier in chemical and biological formulations. BC microparticles laden with the medication were produced via grinding. Clordiazepoxide hydrochloride (CDP) was used to test the microparticles’ drug loading and release capabilities. Particle morphologies, drug loading efficiency, loaded drug physical state, and drug release behavior were all assessed for the manufactured microparticles. Amorphous microparticles were formed from BC microparticles. An scanning electron microscope (SEM) study found that the microparticles had a nearly round form with an average diameter of 400–500 μm. Drug loading was greater in the renewed BC microparticles (37.57 ± 0.22%) when the concentration of drugs was held constant at 10%. More than 85% of the medication was delivered for all formulations in the first 30 minutes.

Encapsulation of Watermelon Rind Extract in Chitosan Microcapsules: Analysis of Physical Properties and Flavonoid Release Ability

Along with the increase in watermelon production, the amount of watermelon rind waste increased. The total mass of fruit rind in a watermelon reaches around 30 percent and this fruit rind can increase the quantity of organic waste in Indonesia. The outer portion of the watermelon rind has a green layer containing a large amount of anthocyanin and a white layer containing flavonoids. In this study, the extract of watermelon rind containing anthocyanins and flavonoids was protected from damaging conditions using the ionic gelation encapsulation method. Chitosan (CN) was used as a natural polymer in this encapsulation method and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) was used as an ionic crosslinking agent. The total of flavonols content (TF), microstructure test, in vitro releasing test, and shelf life of microcapsules were observed in the various ratio between watermelon rind and the solvent. From the process, can be concluded that higher watermelon skin levels will produce the most flavonoid microcapsules (70g/35 mL). At 70g/35 mL or 2:1 g/mL watermelon skin levels give the best flavonoid release test results, especially if it will be applied to the pharmaceutical industry, which follows a controlled release method.

Trapping of Crucifer-Feeding Flea Beetles (Phyllotreta spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) With Pheromones and Plant Kairomones.

Flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of the genus Phyllotreta are major pests of cole crops, canola, and related crops in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). Adults may damage seedlings or larger crop plants, impairing crop growth, rendering crops unmarketable, or killing seedlings outright. The two major North American crucifer pest species, Phyllotreta striolata (F.) and Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), have male-produced pheromones attractive to both female and male adults. We tested the racemic synthetic pheromones, himachaladiene and hydroxyhimachalanone, as well as the host-plant-produced allyl isothiocyanate, alone and in combination, with experimental trapping in Maryland, Virginia, and North Dakota, using clear and yellow sticky traps and the ground-based 'rocket' trap (modified from boll weevil trap). Phyllotreta striolata was consistently attracted to the hydroxyketone, and captures were often enhanced by allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), but its response to pheromones, AITC, and trap color were variable from state to state. Phyllotreta cruciferae was strongly attracted to AITC, but its response to pheromone components varied by state, and this species was found rarely at the Maryland site. Phyllotreta bipustulata (F.) was attracted to the diene component, a new finding for this species. Several other genera of flea beetles were captured, some showing response to the semiochemicals and/or color. Results will be helpful in monitoring and possibly population suppression; however, further research is necessary to develop more efficient syntheses, optimal lure loadings, combinations, and controlled release methods.

Magneto- and opto-stimuli responsive nanofibers as a controlled drug delivery system

The drawbacks of conventional drug administration include repeated administration, non-specific biodistribution in the body’s systems, the long-term unsustainability of drug molecules, and high global cytotoxicity, posing a challenge for the efficient treatment of chronic diseases that require varying drug dosages over time for optimal therapeutic efficacy. Most controlled-release methods encapsulate drug molecules in biodegradable materials that dissolve over time to release the drug, making it difficult to deliver drugs on a schedule. To address these limitations, we developed a magneto-, opto-stimuli responsive drug delivery system based on functionalized electrospun nanofibers loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). We exploited the Néel relaxation effect of SPIONs, where heat generated from vibrating SPIONs under exogenously applied magnetic fields or laser illumination induced structural changes of the thermo-sensitive nanofibers that encapsulate the particles. We showed that this structural change of nanofibers is the governing factor in controlling the release of dye molecules, used as a model drug and co-encapsulated within the nanofibers. We also showed that the degree of nanofiber structural change depends on SPION loading and duration of stimulation, demonstrating the tunability of the drug release profile. Overall, we demonstrated the potential of SPION-embedded thermoplastic nanofibers as an attractive platform for on-demand drug delivery.

Effect of Temperature on the Behavior of Slow Release Fertilizer from ENR-50/RH/Urea Composites

Generally, chemical fertilizer is considered as a one of the most significant materials for increasing food production. However, the fast release of the conventional fertilizer could effect negatively on the plants. Thus, the idea of using controlled release method in the agriculture application has emerged recently due to the efficiency of fertilizers can be improved by the controlled-release method. The objective of this work is to synthesize a new Slow Release Fertilizer from three different materials; the first one is urea, which is the conventional fertilizer, the second one is the rice husk (RH), which represents the carrier material, and the third one is epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50), which represents the coating material. This work was divided into three series. The first series is the production of RH/Urea beads. RH was treated with alkaline NaOH at 1wt.% according to the weight of RH. The treated RH was then mixed with urea that produced treated RH/urea beads. In the second series, 200 mg of ENR-50 was applied to produce thicknes of coating material for treated RH/urea beads. In the third series, treated RH/urea beads coated with 200 mg of ENR-50 were subjected to the released behavior at different temperature in the water. After that, the prepared samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy. Results suggested that the increasing of temperature has increased the rate of urea release of SRF samples in the water. Furthermore, the SRF sample at 35, 45, and 55 °C showed shorter time of release at 40, 34, and 17 day as compared to 47 day of SRF at room temperature.

Light-triggered NO-releasing nanoparticles for treating mice with liver fibrosis

Liver fibrosis, resulting from chronic liver damage and characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, is a characteristic of most types of chronic liver diseases. The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is considered an essential pathological hallmark in liver fibrosis. Although nitric oxide (NO) can effectively induce HSC apoptosis, the systemic administration of NO is ineffective and may cause severe complications such as hypotension. To overcome this limitation, nanoparticles were designed to target HSCs and release NO locally under the exposure of near infrared light (NIR). To achieve this, upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) cores were enveloped in mesoporous silica shells (UCNP@mSiO2), which were modified with hyaluronic acid (HA-UCNP@mSiO2) and Roussin’s black salt (RBS). HA molecules recognize and bind to CD44 proteins, which are overexpressed on activated HSCs. Under exposure to a 980-nm NIR laser, the UCNP cores convert the 980-nm wavelength into ultraviolet (UV) light, which then energizes the RBS (NO donors), resulting in an efficient release of NO inside of the HSCs. Once released, NO triggers HSC apoptosis and reverses the liver fibrosis. This targeted and controlled release method provides the theoretical and experimental basis for novel therapeutic approaches to treat hepatic fibrosis.

Performance Assessment of Dynamic Flexible Assembly Job Shop Control Methods

Developments of information technology provide a foundation for implementing shop floor control in high variety production environments. A dynamic flexible assembly job shop is abstracted from a mold industry, we suggest the use of a hierarchical production control framework – dynamic flexible assembly job shop control (DFAJSC). DFAJSC consists of three sub-decisions, which are release decision, routing decision and sequencing decision, these decisions are made dynamically to react to disturbances (e.g. machine breakdown, rush order). As no study has applied controlled release in flexible assembly job shop, we would improve state-of-the-art controlled release methods for flexible assembly job shop. Building on this, we explore when and how routing decision is incorporated. Simulation experiments are designed to examine the performances of DFAJSC methods, coupling effects of our improved controlled release methods and routing decision rules are evaluated in different levels of disturbances. Results reveal that input/output control (IOC) release methods are overall best performed in all levels of disturbances, Dynamic Process Planning (DPP) decision is not significantly advantageous over Non-Linear Process Planning (NLPP) decision combined with IOC release methods. Thereof, IOC release integrated with NLPP is suggested for practical applicability.

Dual Site-Specific Antibody Conjugates for Sequential and Orthogonal Cargo Release.

Antibody-drug conjugates utilize the antigen specificity of antibodies and the potency of chemotherapeutic and antibiotic drugs for targeted therapy. However, as cancers and bacteria evolve to resist the action of drugs, innovative controlled release methods must be engineered to deliver multidrug cocktails. In this work, we engineer lipoate-acid ligase A (LplA) acceptor peptide (LAP) tags into the constant heavy and light chain of a humanized Her2 targeted antibody, trastuzumab. These engineered LAP tags, along with the glutamine 295 (Q295) residue in the heavy chain, were used to generate orthogonally cleavable site-specific antibody conjugates via a one-pot chemoenzymatic ligation with microbial transglutaminase (mTG) and LplA. We demonstrate orthogonal cargo release from these dual-labeled antibody bioconjugates via matrix metalloproteinase-2 and cathepsin-B-mediated bond cleavage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of temporal control on dual-labeled antibody conjugates, and we believe this platform will allow for sequential release and cooperative drug combinations on a single antibody bioconjugate.

FABRICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF PEGYLATED GLYCERIDE LABRASOL® NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER COMPOSITES OF METHOTREXATE: THE PATHWAY TO EFFECTIVE CANCER THERAPY

Objective: The objective of the current study is to optimize and evaluate the potential of polyethylene glycolylated (PEG) glyceride Labrasol® nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) composites of methotrexate (MTX) to achieve enhanced sustained release delivery in cancer treatment.
 Materials and Methods: MTX-NLC was successfully prepared by hot melt emulsification and probe sonication method for spatial and controlled release of this therapeutic agent.
 Results: The solubility screening of MTX and lipids resulted in the selection of Monostearin as solid lipid, PEGylated glyceride Labrasol® and olive oil as liquid lipids for the formulation of MTX-loaded NLC composites. Particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index of both the composites were confirmed using dynamic light scattering, whereby Labrasol® MTX-NLC showed high entrapment efficiency and drug loading. A spherical particle shape with smooth surface of all the composites was confirmed from the scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy analysis. Labrasol® MTX-NLC showed remarkably increased cytotoxic response, augmented cellular uptake, and low half maximal inhibitory concentration value in MCF-7 cells. In vitro release study confirmed that encapsulation of MTX in PEGylated glyceride Labrasol® MTX-NLC resulted in enhanced sustained release of MTX for a period of 48 h.
 Conclusion: The present study establishes that PEGylated glyceride Labrasol® MTX-NLC can be considered as a promising anticancer delivery system, thereby improving antitumor efficacy of the drug.

Artificially controlled degradable nanoparticles for contrast switch MRI and programmed cancer therapy.

BackgroundUtilizing the permeability enhancement and irreversible biomolecule denaturation caused by hyperthermia, photothermal-chemo synergistic therapy has shown great potential in clinical cancer treatment.PurposeThe objective of this study was to provide a novel controlled drug release method to improve the efficiency of photothermal-chemo synergistic therapy.Patients and methodsHCT116 tumor-bearing mice were selected as modal for the study of cancer theranostics efficiency. The T2 to T1 magnetic resonance imaging contrast switch was studied in vivo. Analyses of the tumor growth of mice were carried out to evaluate the tumor therapy efficiency.ResultsWe developed novel artificially controlled degradable Co3O4 nanoparticles and explored their potential in drug delivery/release. In the presence of ascorbic acid (AA), the designed nanomaterials can be degraded via a redox process and hence release the loaded drugs. Importantly, the AA, in the lack of l-gulonolactone oxidase, cannot be synthesized in the body of typical mammal including human, which suggested that the degradation process can be controlled artificially. Moreover, the obtained nanoparticles have outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency and their degradation can also result in an magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement switch from T2 to T1, which benefits the cancer theranostics.ConclusionOur results illustrated that the artificially controlled degradable nanoparticles can serve as an alternative candidate for controllable drug release as well as a platform for highly efficient photothermal-chemo synergistic cancer theranostics.

Fusion of fibroblast growth factor 21 to a thermally responsive biopolymer forms an injectable depot with sustained anti-diabetic action

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is under investigation as a type 2 diabetes protein drug, but its efficacy is impeded by rapid in vivo clearance and by costly production methods. To improve the protein's therapeutic utility, we recombinantly expressed FGF21 as a fusion with an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), a peptide polymer that exhibits reversible thermal phase behavior. Below a critical temperature, ELPs exist as miscible unimers, while above, they associate into a coacervate. The thermal responsiveness of ELPs is retained upon fusion to proteins, which has notable consequences for the production and in vivo delivery of FGF21. First, the ELP acts as a solubility enhancer during E. coli expression, yielding active fusion protein from the soluble cell lysate fraction and eliminating the protein refolding steps that are required for purification of FGF21 from inclusion bodies. Second, the ELP's phase transition behavior is exploited for facile chromatography-free purification of the ELP-FGF21 fusion. Third, the composition and molecular weight of the ELP are designed such that the ELP-FGF21 fusion undergoes a phase transition triggered solely by body heat, resulting in an immiscible viscous phase upon subcutaneous (s.c.) injection and thereby creating an injectable depot. Indeed, a single s.c. injection of ELP-FGF21 affords up to five days of sustained glycemic control in ob/ob mice. The ELP fusion partner massively streamlines production and purification of FGF21, while providing a controlled release method for delivery that reduces the frequency of injection, thereby enhancing the pharmacological properties of FGF21 as a protein drug to treat metabolic disease.

In situ growth of graphdiyne on arbitrary substrates with a controlled-release method.

A versatile controlled-release method was developed for the in situ growth of graphdiyne on arbitrary substrates. Cu2+-Ions escaped from the polyvinylpyrrolidone/copper acetate film on the surface of various substrates (e.g. SiO2, ZnO, Al, etc.), acting as the catalyst for the acetylenic coupling reaction.

Encapsulation of specific Salmonella Enteritidis phage f3αSE on alginate-spheres as a method for protection and dosification

Background: Bacteriophages have been proposed as an alternative to control pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics. However, they are not extensively used due to different factors such as vulnerability under environmental conditions and the lack of efficient administration methods. A potential solution is the encapsulation of bacteriophages in hydrogel polymers to increase their viability and as a controlled release method. This work describes the use of alginate-Ca+2 matrixes as mechanisms for protection and dosification of the phage f3αSE which has been successfully used to prevent infections produced by Salmonella Enteritidis. Results: The viability of the pure phage is reduced in near 100% after 1-h incubation at pH 2 or 3. However, the encapsulated phage remains active in 80, 6% at pH 3, while no differences were observed at pH 2, 4 or 7. Exposition of f3αSE to different T° showed that the viability of this phage decreased with increased T° to near 15% at 60°C, while the encapsulated phage remains with 50% viability at same temperature. Finally, the encapsulation of phages showed to extend their presence for 100 h in the medium compared to non-encapsulated phages in a water flow system, which simulate automatic birdbath used in poultry industry, maintaining the phage concentration between 102 and 104 PFU/mL during 250 h. Conclusions: Encapsulation in alginate-Ca+2 spheres can be a good alternative to extend viability of phages and can be used as a phage method dosification method in water flow systems.

Effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 on random pattern skin flap survival in rats.

To investigate the effects of pharmacological delay with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on skin flap survival. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to dorsal skin flap (3x9 cm). Seven days before the surgery, the animals were subdivided into three groups of 10 rats. In group 1 (controls), no injection was done. Seven days before the elevation, saline had been injected to the marked skin flap area in group 2 (sham group), and group 3 (experimental group) underwent a pharmacological delay with subcutaneous IGF-1 injections. On the seventh postoperative day, flap area was analyzed for survival. Tissue samples were obtained for histological and biochemical evaluations. Survival rates were 43.55 ± 16%, 21.40 ± 8%, and 43.12 ± 14% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Differences between group 2 and other groups were statistically significant. No significant difference was detected between all three groups for tissue or plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. There was no significant histological difference between groups. Although a single injection of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) did not significantly increase flap survival, its wound healing features are still encouraging and further meticulously planned studies, especially with repeated applications or controlled-release methods, and combinations with binding protein are required.

A controlled release strategy of antifouling agent in coating based on intercalated layered double hydroxides

A controlled release method of antifouling agent was demonstrated via the model coating which was fabricated by sodium paeonolsilate (PAS) intercalated into Zn2Al Layered Double hydroxides (LDH) and then dispersed in the mixture of acrylic resin and colophony with weight ratio of 2:1. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirm the intercalation of PAS into the galleries of Zn2Al-LDH. Some larger particles of Zn2Al-PAS-LDH composite in the coating were observed owing to its aggregation, which was revealed by Laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). The release tests of the Zn2Al-PAS-LDH coating in 3.5% NaCl solution showed that no burst release phenomenon occurred at the beginning stage and a slower release rate of PAS (0.54ppm/d) was obtained compared with the pristine PAS coating (1.06ppm/d), exhibiting its preferable controlled release behavior. The adhesion experiment using Ulva zoospores indicated that Zn2Al-PAS-LDH composite obviously increases the utilization rate of PAS owing to its controlling release property. Therefore, the present work provided a useful strategy to decrease the waste of antifouling agent and prolong the lifetime of antifouling coatings.

Near-Infrared Light Triggered ROS-activated Theranostic Platform based on Ce6-CPT-UCNPs for Simultaneous Fluorescence Imaging and Chemo-Photodynamic Combined Therapy.

Many drug controlled release methods have been integrated in multifunctional nanoparticles, such as pH-, redox-, temperature-, enzyme-, and light-responsive release. However, few report is associated with the ROS responsive drug controlled release. Herein, a thioketal linker-based ROS responsive drug (camptothecin conjugated with thioketal linker, abbreviated as TL-CPT) was prepared and the thioketal linker could be cleaved by ROS(reactive oxygen species). To achieve cancer simultaneous optical imaging, photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy, the photosensitizer Chlorin e6(Ce6), TL-CPT and carboxyl-mPEG were loaded on the upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), which were named as Ce6-CPT-UCNPs. Under 980 nm laser irradiation, Ce6-CPT-UCNPs emitted a narrow emission band at 645-675 nm which was overlapped with Ce6 absorption peak. Ce6 absorbed the light to produce ROS, which was used for photodynamic therapy and to cleave the thioketal linker in Ce6-CPT-UCNPs to release camptothecin for chemotherapy. Meanwhile, Ce6 absorbed the light, was used for near-infrared fluorescence imaging. The in vivo biodistribution studies showed that the prepared nanoparticles had high orthotopic lung cancer targeting efficiency. The in vivo therapeutic results demonstrated that NCI-H460 lung cancers could be completely eliminated by combining chemo- and photodynamic therapy under 980 nm laser irradiation. The prepared multifunctional Ce6-CPT-UCNPs have great potential in applications such as cancer targeted fluorescent imaging, simultaneous ROS activated chemo- and photodynamic therapy in near future.