Controlled Breathing Techniques Research Articles

Yoga Exercises as a Therapeutic Approach for Adults with Insomnia to Promote better Sleep: A Randomized Control Trial

Background: Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder that significantly impacts the quality of life and is associated with various health complications, including high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, anxiety, and depression. Traditional treatments for insomnia often involve pharmacological interventions, but there is growing interest in alternative therapies such as yoga. This study investigates the efficacy of yoga as a therapeutic approach to improving sleep quality in adults with insomnia. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a structured yoga program on sleep quality and sleep latency in adults diagnosed with insomnia. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design conducted at multiple healthcare facilities, including the Physiotherapy Outpatient Department at Holy Family Hospital, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, and District Headquarters Hospital in Rawalpindi. The study duration was four months, involving 54 participants selected through random sampling techniques. Inclusion criteria included adults aged 18 to 65 years diagnosed with insomnia according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Exclusion criteria included severe medical or psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, pregnancy, or recent changes in sleep medication. Participants in the intervention group engaged in a standardized yoga program consisting of gentle yoga postures, controlled breathing techniques, and mindfulness meditation, conducted twice weekly for eight weeks, with each session lasting 60 minutes. The control group received standard care for insomnia. Data collection involved subjective assessments of sleep quality using validated questionnaires and objective measures through polysomnography. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, with independent sample t-tests comparing means between groups and repeated measures ANOVA for within-group analysis. Results: The yoga group showed significant improvements in subjective sleep quality and sleep latency. The mean sleep quality score improved from 2.18 ± 0.66 pre-intervention to 0.92 ± 0.37 post-intervention (p=0.0001), while the control group showed a less marked improvement from 2.37 ± 0.48 to 2.03 ± 0.18 (p=0.0012). Sleep latency in the yoga group decreased from 3.00 ± 0.00 to 1.29 ± 0.40 (p=0.0002), whereas the control group showed a reduction from 2.44 ± 0.49 to 2.11 ± 0.31 (p=0.0013). ANOVA results confirmed the statistical significance of these findings, with an F-value of 69.897 for sleep quality (p=0.0001) and 361.947 for sleep latency (p=0.0002). Conclusion: The findings indicate that a structured yoga program significantly improves sleep quality and reduces sleep latency in adults with insomnia. Yoga appears to be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for managing insomnia, offering a viable alternative to traditional treatments.

Hafif -Orta Derecede COVID-19 Pnömonisi Sonrası Ev Egzersiz Programının Etkinliği Nedir?

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a home-based breathing exercise program on dyspnea, quality of life, depression and sleeping disorders in patients with COVID-19 after discharge from the hospital.
 Methods: The study was completed with a total of 60 participants. The intervention group (n=39) received a homed-based exercise program including controlled breathing techniques and low-intensity upper and lower extremity exercises. The control group (n=21) did not receive any intervention.
 The patients were evaluated with the Modified Borg Scale (MBS), Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) before and at the end of the intervention.
 Results: After treatment, the MBS scores significantly decreased in both the intervention and control groups compared with the baseline values(p

Effects of Controlled Breathing Maneuver on Exercise Tolerance in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is usually caused by harmful particles or gases, is associated with persistent respiratory symptoms. Aim: To determine effects of controlled breathing techniques for respiratory muscle strengthening and functional capacity. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Methodology: Study was conducted at Services Hospital Lahore for duration of 6months. Patients (n=48) were enrolled through convenient sampling. Participants were divided into two groups 24 in each group. Both groups A and B received baseline treatment for pulmonary rehabilitation. Pursed lip breathing technique was performed to group B, 20 minutes session for 4 days per week. Pre and post treatment readings were taken and the results were analyzed. Informed consent was taken. Data was evaluated by using SPSS vr 23. Before and after comparison was made using paired sample t test considering normality of data. Results: Almost 18.75% were in the age range of (40-49 years), 16(33.33%) in (50-59), 10(20.83%) in (60-69) and 13(27.08%) in (70-75). The pre and post readings showed that there was a mean difference in 6MWT and AQ20 with significant p-value. Conclusion: It was concluded that controlled breathing techniques have been found to be more effective to increase exercise tolerance in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Exercise Tolerance, Controlled Breathing Maneuvers and Pulmonary Functions.

Autogenic drainage for airway clearance in cystic fibrosis.

Autogenic drainage is an airway clearance technique that was developed by Jean Chevaillier in 1967. The technique is characterised by breathing control using expiratory airflow to mobilise secretions from smaller to larger airways. Secretions are cleared independently by adjusting the depth and speed of respiration in a sequence of controlled breathing techniques during exhalation. The technique requires training, concentration and effort from the individual but it has previously been shown to be an effective treatment option for those who are seeking techniques to support and promote independence. However, at a time where the trajectory and demographics of the disease are changing, it is important to systematically review the evidence demonstrating that autogenic drainage is an effective intervention for people with cystic fibrosis. To compare the clinical effectiveness of autogenic drainage in people with cystic fibrosis with other physiotherapy airway clearance techniques. We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. We also searched the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews, as well as two ongoing trials registers (02 February 2021). Date of most recent search of the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register: 06 July 2021. We identified randomised and quasi-randomised controlled studies comparing autogenic drainage to another airway clearance technique or no therapy in people with cystic fibrosis for at least two treatment sessions. Data extraction and assessments of risk of bias were independently performed by three authors. The authors assessed the quality of the evidence using the GRADE system. The authors contacted seven teams of investigators for further information pertinent to their published studies. Searches retrieved 64 references to 37 individual studies, of which eight (n = 212) were eligible for inclusion. One study was of parallel design with the remaining seven being cross-over in design; participant numbers ranged from 4 to 75. The total study duration varied between four days and two years. The age of participants ranged between seven and 63 years with a wide range of disease severity reported. Six studies enrolled participants who were clinically stable, whilst participants in two studies received treatment whilst hospitalised with an infective exacerbation. All studies compared autogenic drainage to one (or more) other recognised airway clearance technique. Exercise is commonly used as an alternative therapy by people with cystic fibrosis; however, there were no studies identified comparing exercise with autogenic drainage. The certainty of the evidence was generally low or very low. The main reasons for downgrading the level of evidence were the frequent use of a cross-over design, outcome reporting bias and the inability to blind participants. The review's primary outcome, forced expiratory volume in one second, was the most common outcome measured and was reported by all eight studies; only three studies reported on quality of life (also a primary outcome of the review). One study reported on adverse events and described a decrease in oxygen saturation levels whilst performing active cycle of breathing techniques, but not with autogenic drainage. Seven of the eight included studies measured forced vital capacity and three of the studies used mid peak expiratory flow (per cent predicted) as an outcome. Six studies reported sputum weight. Less commonly used outcomes included oxygen saturation levels, personal preference, hospital admissions, intravenous antibiotics and pseudomonas gene expression. There were no statistically significant differences found between any of the techniques used with respect to the outcomes measured except when autogenic drainage was described as being the preferred technique of the participants in one study over postural drainage and percussion. Autogenic drainage is a challenging technique that requires commitment from the individual. As such, this intervention merits systematic review to ensure its effectiveness for people with cystic fibrosis, particularly in an era where treatment options are changing rapidly. From the studies assessed, autogenic drainage was not found to be superior to any other form of airway clearance technique. Larger studies are required to better evaluate autogenic drainage in comparison to other airway clearance techniques in view of the relatively small number of participants in this review and the complex study designs. The studies recruited a range of participants and were not powered to assess non-inferiority. The varied length and design of the studies made the analysis of pooled data challenging.

The effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in connection with lung transplantation in Hungary.

The role of pre- and post-lung transplant rehabilitation is to maintain or improve exercise tolerance, lung mechanics, peripheral and respiratory muscle function. Our aim was to measure the effectiveness of pre- and post-transplant rehabilitation in terms of the changes of functional and quality of life markers. Sixty-three patients (40 COPD FEV1: 21±5%pred, 18 IPF TLC: 42±13%pred, 4 bronchiectasis FEV1: 28±4%pred and 1 alveolitis fibrotisans TLC: 31%pred) participated in a pre- and 14 took part in a post-transplant rehabilitation program (more than 2 months after lung transplantation (LTx), primary diagnoses: 9 COPD, 4 IPF). The rehabilitation program consisted of chest-wall stretching, controlled breathing techniques and personalized exercise of 20-30 minutes by cycling and treadmill 2-3 times per day for 4 weeks. Seven functional and quality of life markers, like lung function, chest wall expansion (CWE), 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC), COPD Assessment Test (CAT), breath holding time (BHT) and hand grip strength (HGS) were measured at the onset and the end of the rehabilitation program. The safety profile of the rehabilitation program was followed-up. Pre-transplant pulmonary rehabilitation resulted in significant improvement in CWE (3.24±1.49 vs. 4.48±1.62 cm), CAT IQR {19 [13-25] vs. 15 [11-21]}, 6MWD (315±118 vs. 375±114 m), P<0.05. FEV1, FVC, mMRC, BHT and HGS did not change significantly. Post-transplant rehabilitation resulted in significant improvement in CWE (3.7±2.1 vs. 6.2±1.8 cm), CAT IQR {17 [11-23] vs. 10 [6-14], BHT (22±14 vs. 35±16 s), FEV1 (73±8 vs. 86±9%pred) and FVC (70±12 vs. 85±14%pred), P<0.05. The 6MWD, mMRC and HGS did not change significantly. No cardiovascular or other side effects were detected during the rehabilitation program. Our results underline the importance of perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation in the complex treatment of lung transplant patients in Hungary, as well. There was a limitation because no control group was evaluated without rehabilitation.

Efficacy of controlled breathing techniques among COPD patients: An experimental study

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to describe progressive lung diseases including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. This disease is characterized by increasing breathlessness. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs can reduce anxiety in COPD patients. An exercise training program combined with education that included stress management techniques significantly reduced anxiety which improve the breathing pattern.

Autogenic drainage for airway clearance in cystic fibrosis.

Autogenic drainage is an airway clearance technique that was developed by Jean Chevaillier in 1967. The technique is characterised by breathing control using expiratory airflow to mobilise secretions from smaller to larger airways. Secretions are cleared independently by adjusting the depth and speed of respiration in a sequence of controlled breathing techniques during exhalation. The technique requires training, concentration and effort from the individual. It is important to systematically review the evidence demonstrating that autogenic drainage is an effective intervention for people with cystic fibrosis. To compare the clinical effectiveness of autogenic drainage in people with cystic fibrosis with other physiotherapy airway clearance techniques. We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. We also searched the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews, as well as two trials registers (31 August 2017).Dtae of most recent search of the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register: 25 September 2017. We identified randomised and quasi-randomised controlled studies comparing autogenic drainage to another airway clearance technique or no therapy in people with cystic fibrosis for at least two treatment sessions. Data extraction and assessments of risk of bias were independently performed by two authors. The authors assessed the quality of the evidence using the GRADE system. The authors contacted two investigators for further information pertinent to their published studies. Searches retrieved 35 references to 21 individual studies, of which seven (n = 208) were eligible for inclusion. One study was of parallel design with the remaining six being cross-over in design; participant numbers ranged from 17 to 75. The total study duration varied between four days and two years. The age of participants ranged between seven and 63 years with a wide range of disease severity reported. Six studies enrolled participants who were clinically stable, whilst participants in one study had been hospitalised with an infective exacerbation. All studies compared autogenic drainage to one (or more) other recognised airway clearance technique. Exercise is commonly used as an alternative therapy by people with cystic fibrosis; however, there were no studies identified comparing exercise with autogenic drainage.The quality of the evidence was generally low or very low. The main reasons for downgrading the level of evidence were the frequent use of a cross-over design, outcome reporting bias and the inability to blind participants.The review's primary outcome, forced expiratory volume in one second, was the most common outcome measured and was reported by all seven studies; only three studies reported on quality of life (also a primary outcome of the review). One study reported on adverse events and described a decrease in oxygen saturation levels whilst performing active cycle of breathing techniques, but not with autogenic drainage. Six of the seven included studies measured forced vital capacity and three of the studies used mid peak expiratory flow (per cent predicted) as an outcome. Six studies reported sputum weight. Less commonly used outcomes included oxygen saturation levels, personal preference, hospital admissions or intravenous antibiotics. There were no statistically significant differences found between any of the techniques used with respect to the outcomes measured except when autogenic drainage was described as being the preferred technique of the participants in one study over postural drainage and percussion. Autogenic drainage is a challenging technique that requires commitment from the individual. As such, this intervention merits systematic review to ensure its effectiveness for people with cystic fibrosis. From the studies assessed, autogenic drainage was not found to be superior to any other form of airway clearance technique. Larger studies are required to better evaluate autogenic drainage in comparison to other airway clearance techniques in view of the relatively small number of participants in this review and the complex study designs. The studies recruited a range of participants and were not powered to assess non-inferiority. The varied length and design of the studies made the analysis of pooled data challenging.

Effect of respiratory rehabilitation techniques on the autonomic function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review.

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) show several extrapulmonary abnormalities such as impairment in the autonomic function (AF). Similarly, the use of respiratory training techniques such as controlled breathing techniques, noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), and oxygen supplementation for AF modulation in patients with COPD is popular in existing literature. However, the evidence to support their use is nonexistent. A systematic search of studies reporting on the effect of controlled breathing techniques, NIMV, and/or oxygen supplementation techniques on AF outcome parameters was conducted in three online databases: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, relevant studies were retained and qualitatively analyzed for evidence synthesis. The methodological quality in these studies was evaluated using the evidence based guideline development (EBRO) checklists per designs provided by the Dutch Cochrane Centre. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria of the review and were included and discussed. The evidence synthesis revealed that a strong and moderate level evidence supported oxygen supplementation and slow breathing techniques, respectively, in significantly enhancing the baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) values in patients with COPD. The effect of the examined techniques on the heart rate variability and muscle sympathetic nerve activity was of a limited or inconsistent evidence. The findings from this review suggest that oxygen supplementation and controlled breathing techniques have profound positive influence on the BRS in patients with COPD. However, it is not fully clear whether these influence translates to any therapeutic benefit on the general AF of patients with COPD in the long term.

Efficacy of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program with Cycle Ergometer in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Background and objectives: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep. The aim of this study was to investigate impact of respiratory rehabilitation program with cycle ergometer on exercise capacity, respiratory parameters, sleep and quality of life in OSAS. Patients and methods: Study population was consisted of mild and moderate OSAS patients aged 18-65. Controlled breathing techniques and respiratory muscle exercises were asked to practice 2 times a day for 10-20 minutes. Upperlimb muscles of the shoulder girdle and cycle ergometer exercise device consisting of aerobic exercise and resistance programs we implement, was performed 3 times a week for 50-60 minutes. Anthropometric measurements, respiratory function tests; exercise capacity, 6 Minute Walk Test; level of day time sleepiness the Ep worth Sleepiness Scale; sleep and quality of life, Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire and the Short Form-36 Questionnaire; anxiety levels were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results: 40 patients were included in the study. After treatment, neck circumference, level of daytime sleepiness, resting and post-exercise heart rate and blood pressure response, dyspnea and leg fatigue decreased; and improved exercise capacity, MIP, quality of life and sleep were observed. Conclusion: PR may be an effective treatment option in patients with OSAS. To our knowledge this is the first report that demonstrating the effectiveness of cycling exercises on functional status, exercise capacity, life and sleep quality in patients with OSAS.

Effectiveness of Controlled Breathing Techniques on Anxiety and Depression in Hospitalized Patients With COPD: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Anxiety and depression are prevalent comorbidities in patients with COPD. Breathing techniques can improve anxiety and depression in patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation. We conducted a randomized clinical study with 46 male subjects, 67-86 years old, hospitalized with acute COPD exacerbation. Subjects were randomly and equally divided into a control group and a controlled breathing intervention group. We measured baseline and post-intervention dyspnea, anxiety and depression, quality of life (with the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire and the European Quality of Life questionnaire), maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure, hand-grip strength, and sleep quality. The cohort had high dyspnea and low overall quality of life. Controlled breathing techniques significantly improved dyspnea, anxiety, and mobility. All the measured variables improved in the intervention group. The control group had poorer values in all the variables after the hospitalization period. Controlled breathing exercises improve anxiety and depression in patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01826682).

Non-invasive monitoring of blood gas-induced changes of myocardial oxygenation using oxygen-sensitive CMR

Summary BOLD-CMR was used to assess changes in myocardial oxygenation after volunteers performed controlled hyperventilation or breath holding. Signal intensity after hyperventilation decreased whereas an increase occurred after a breath hold demonstrating that controlled breathing techniques could alter myocardial oxygenation and be identified by BOLD-CMR in healthy volunteers. Background Systemic changes of blood gases (CO2 ,O 2) affect haemoglobin (Hb) saturation. Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent (BOLD-) CMR can be used to monitor changes of myocardial oxygenation. We hypothesized that oxygensensitive CMR detects changes in myocardial tissue oxygenation induced by hyperventilation and apnea. Methods A group of 7 healthy volunteers were instructed to hyperventilate for 1 and 2 minutes followed by a long free breath hold. A second group of 5 aquatic athletes performed a 60s breath hold and a free maximal breath hold. BOLD-sensitive SSFP cines were acquired during breath holds as well as before and after hyperventilation. Changes in signal intensity over the procedures were expressed as % change of the baseline. Capillary blood gases were measured prior to and after the procedures. Results Voluntary breath holds of athletes were significantly longer (105±38s) than those of other volunteers (38 ±12s). Breath holds lead to a significant increase in signal intensity (*p<0.001), correlated with the length of breath hold (R=0.566, *p=0.018). Capillary pCO2 did not change during breath holds, while pO2 increased during shorter breath holds of 38s (+8.8 mmHg, *p=0.03) and decreased in long breath holds of 105s (-14.5mmHg, *p=0.03). On the other hand, hyperventilation resulted in a significant decrease of myocardial signal intensity, associated with a decrease of capillary pCO2 of 5.9 mmHg during 1 min of hyperventilation (*p<0.001) and 8.7 mmHg during a 2 min hyperventilation period (*p<0.001). Capillary pO2 was not altered by hyperventilation. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that BOLD-CMR can identify changes in myocardial oxygenation induced by controlled breathing maneuvers.

Guided visualization interventions on perceived stress, dyadic satisfaction and psychological symptoms in highly stressed couples

This study focused on the effect of a brief CBT-based relaxation/guided visualization intervention on perceived stress, dyadic satisfaction and psychological symptoms. This study also tested the hypothesis that indicators of global orientation including Sense of Coherence and Differentiation of Self would mediate between perceived stress and symptoms of physical, psychological and relational distress. A three session intervention used guided visualization scripts which incorporated relaxation and controlled breathing techniques as well as a CBT approach that focused on stress management and internal locus of control. Results indicated that after the intervention, participants showed lower levels of perceived stress and lower levels of dyadic distress, as well as lower psychological and physical complaints as reported with the Symptom Checklist-90-R. Both Sense of Coherence and Differentiation of Self were mediators for the effect of perceived stress on the number of endorsed symptoms.

The combined effects of controlled breathing techniques and ventilatory and upper extremity muscle exercise on cardiopulmonary responses in patients with spinal cord injury

This study investigated the effects of controlled breathing techniques and ventilatory and upper extremity muscle exercise on cardiopulmonary and metabolic functions and exercise tolerance in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). The design of the study was prospective and was a before-after trial. Twenty patients with SCI were included in the study. Resting pulmonary functions were assessed spirometrically. Cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to maximum exercise were determined with an electronically braked arm crank ergometer. The expired gases during this exercise were collected and analysed using a computerized gas analysis system. Patients with SCI participated in a 6-week ventilatory and upper extremity muscle exercise program for 1 h, three times per week. At the end of the exercise program, we observed significant improvement in spirometric values, peak oxygen uptake, time to fatigue, peak power output and minute ventilation compared with pre-training values for the patients.

An osteopathic approach to asthma.

Asthma has become a serious challenge to clinical medicine today, with an increase in incidence, morbidity, and mortality over the past two decades. Asthma continues to be a problem despite increased knowledge of the pathophysiology of asthma coupled with the development of a variety of new and innovative medications that can be used to treat asthma. Five areas involving asthma management are reviewed and involve a failure to do the following: (1) identify disease instability and progression; (2) adopt an optimal pharmacologic treatment plan; (3) identify and help the patient avoid environmental triggers; (4) evaluate and treat certain disruptive psychodynamic issues; and (5) use essential non-pharmacologic modes of therapy such as osteopathic manipulation, nutritional considerations, physical training, and controlled breathing techniques that may help to favorably modify the asthma disease process.

A Behavioral and Environmental Intervention to Reduce False-Positives in Submaximal Bicycle Ergometry Testing

Although submaximal cycle ergometry testing (CET) can provide a good estimate of an individual's physical fitness, anticipatory heart rate increases accompanying pre-test anxiety can negatively affect the outcome of a submaximal CET. The present study evaluated the efficacy of a low-cost, technician-administered anxiety reduction intervention in the natural setting to reduce false-positives by removing heart rate feedback, and offering cognitive distraction and controlled breathing techniques. There were consistent findings for removing heart rate (HR) feedback and offering relaxation and distraction techniques on increasing the passing rate and decreasing HR at minute 1. Furthermore, when evaluated by gender, this minimal intervention also had an effect on increasing VO2max estimates, decreasing average HR, and increasing the passing rate for the female subjects. Interestingly, there were no effects found for any of the treatment conditions for the male subjects. The intervention's implications and future research directions are discussed.

Pulmonary Rehabilitation—Physical Modalities

This review assesses the role of controlled breathing techniques (breathing training) and chest physical therapy (PT) in the management and rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The review focuses on pursed lip breathing, the head-down and bending forward postures, slow deep breathing, and diaphragmatic breathing exercises as methods of breathing training, and on postural drainage, chest percussion and vibration, and controlled cough as techniques of chest PT. These modalities may be beneficial in selected patients with COPD.

Chorio-Retinitis Juxta-Papillaris (E. Jensen)

Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent comorbid complications in COPD. Physical therapy(PT) is recognized as an useful therapeutics option for acute exacerbation COPD patients. No previous studies has focused on PT programs effects on psychological function in COPD. We conducted a randomized controlled clinical study using a sample of 23 COPD male patients distributed in two groups. Patients were randomly and equally divided into the control and controlled breathing intervention groups. Baseline and postintervention recordings of Dyspnea, Anxiety and depression, Quality of life (EURQoL) and Sleep quality were taken in all subjects. Controlled breathing techniques had a significant effect on dyspnea, anxiety and mobility (p&lt;0.05). All the measured areas were improved in the intervention group. The control group had poorer values in all the areas after the hospitalization period. Controlled breathing exercises benefit patients hospitalized due to COPD exacerbation.