Control Trainer Research Articles

Development of PID Control Trainer on Integrated Electrical Physics Systems Graphic Programming Applications

Increased competencies in control systems are essential for the future of higher education in this field. Polytechnic Manufacturing Bandung aims to enhance the educational process by integrating theory and practice in automation and mechatronics, as reflected in their project-based learning curriculum. Previously, they created a trainer model for control systems that could only be read analogously with an oscilloscope, which was deemed insufficient for implementing control theory. Therefore, a physical trainer for electrical systems with an interface display and integrated PID controls is needed. Fifteen students evaluated this trainer using the Likert scale based on the EMPI approach, resulting in an average interface presentation score of 83.2%. This indicates that the physical trainer with PID controls and a graphical programming interface effectively represents control theory and supports the learning process.

A Motor Control Trainer for Use in a University Under Electrical Engineering Course

A Motor Control Trainer for Use in a University Under Electrical Engineering Course

Train the Trainer in Bleeding Control: A Two-Year Pilot Study in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries

IntroductionTraumatic hemorrhage represents a major cause of mortality in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, LMICs can benefit from improvements to prehospital hemorrhage management. One strategy is implementation of a bleeding control course using the “train the trainer” model (TTT) to increase course availability. The Stop the Bleed (STB) campaign provides laypeople with basic knowledge and skills of hemorrhage control. While the feasibility and success of the STB course have been demonstrated in the United States, course dissemination in LMICs has been slower and its feasibility using the TTT model has not been established. Materials and methodsFrom December 2017 to January 2019, instructors from the International Surgical Health Initiative conducted seven surgical humanitarian trips and taught 10 index 1-h STB training sessions across six LMICs. LMIC instructors were encouraged to continue providing STB courses following departure of the visiting instructors. Course data were collected from sign-in sheets and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. ResultsTen index courses conducted by United States–trained STB experts trained 35 LMIC instructors over 2 y. Six of 35 offered 12 additional courses, certifying 323 new trainees, an 823% increase from the initial cohort. Overall, implementation of the TTT model yielded 22 STB courses in six LMICs, producing 358 new trainees. ConclusionsThis pilot study shows the STB TTT model was feasible and effective in expanding bleeding control trainer capacity in four of six LMICs. Use of the TTT model in LMICs may represent a means to increase STB course availability and is one strategy to improve prehospital hemorrhage control in LMICs.

Design and Development of A remote Process control trainer Kit for educational purposes

Design and Development of A remote Process control trainer Kit for educational purposes

The Acceptability of the Developed Motor Control Trainer as Instructional Tool in Teaching Electrical Engineering

The Acceptability of the Developed Motor Control Trainer as Instructional Tool in Teaching Electrical Engineering

HeadUp: A Low-Cost Solution for Tracking Head Movement of Children with Cerebral Palsy Using IMU.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common reason for human motor ability limitations caused before birth, through infancy or early childhood. Poor head control is one of the most important problems in children with level IV CP and level V CP, which can affect many aspects of children’s lives. The current visual assessment method for measuring head control ability and cervical range of motion (CROM) lacks accuracy and reliability. In this paper, a HeadUp system that is based on a low-cost, 9-axis, inertial measurement unit (IMU) is proposed to capture and evaluate the head control ability for children with CP. The proposed system wirelessly measures CROM in frontal, sagittal, and transverse planes during ordinary life activities. The system is designed to provide real-time, bidirectional communication with an Euler-based, sensor fusion algorithm (SFA) to estimate the head orientation and its control ability tracking. The experimental results for the proposed SFA show high accuracy in noise reduction with faster system response. The system is clinically tested on five typically developing children and five children with CP (age range: 2–5 years). The proposed HeadUp system can be implemented as a head control trainer in an entertaining way to motivate the child with CP to keep their head up.

PERFORMANCE STUDIES ON WATER FLOW CONTROL USING P, PI AND PID CONTROLLERS

The main purpose of this study is to revitalize the concept of wise and controlled supply of water for domestic, industrial and agricultural applications which facilitate sustainable usage of fresh water resources. As Eritrea is striving to manage its water resources, attention paid primarily to enable water flow control mechanisms in municipal water distribution systems. A table top process control trainer (PCT) was tested through proportional(P), integral (I) and derivative (D) control mechanisms using Ziegler-Nichols second method to evaluate the tuning variables. Applying exclusively P control action, critical period of oscillation (𝑃𝑃𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐) was estimated as 1.4 sec at proportional band value of 9. P, PI and PID controller performance studies were conducted with tuned variables on the water flow control system at different step disturbances between 20 – 50 % and their corresponding responses were characterized. P controller exhibited faster responses with consistent increments in offset, PI controller recorded highest overshoot values with negligible offset and prolonged settling times. PID controller showed less overshoot values and faster response times than PI but it increased chatter on the control output signal. The study revealed that the system can be safely controlled between 0-80 LPH. If the offset is not a major concern, P controller would be reflected suitable with simple design and minimum expenditure, else PI controller makes offset to zero though it possesses higher settling times. In other words, PID controller is complex using more tuning parameters, need expensive maintenance, and has resulted an intermittent noise in the output signal.

Pengembangan E-modul Trainer Kontrol Motor Listrik dan PLC di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan

This research discusses the development of e-module learning for Motor Control Trainer and PLC Trainer in the subject of Electrical Motor Installation Class XII TITL 1 at SMKN 1 Kec. Guguak. E-learning module is self-instructional which directs students to learn independently. Therefore, e-modules are a very good tool to use in the learning process and self-evaluate independently, thereby increasing learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and practical e-module for learning. This type of research is research and development Research and Development. This research uses the 4-D model which consists of 4 steps, namely: define, design, develop, and disseminate. Collecting research data using validity and practicality questionnaires that have been validated by instrument expert lecturers. The results of e-module development research on the distribution of e-module validity questionnaires to respondents two Electrical Engineering lecturers and two Electric Motor Installation subject teachers got the average percentage results on very valid criteria. In distributing the e-module practicality questionnaire to respondents two teachers of the subject of Electric Motor Installation, they got the average percentage results on the very practical criteria and the e-module practicality questionnaire to the respondents 21 students got the average percentage results on very practical criteria. From the research data described, it shows that the development of e-modules made for the subject of Electrical Motor Installation has been criticized as valid and practical.

Hard Dead Zone and Friction Modeling and Identification of a Permanent Magnet DC Motor Non-Linear Model

The identification of a permanent magnet DC motor model including non-linearities dead zone, Coulomb friction, and viscous friction, is presented. The dead zone considered here is the so call "hard" dead zone, whereas the friction force is modeled in two different ways: first, considering the value of viscous coefficient friction as a constant and second, approximating viscous coefficient by a polynomial depending on motors rotor velocity. The polynomial representation of the viscous friction value allows it to be adjusted automatically as a function of the speed of the system, as occurs in real systems. Therefore, a model capable of better representing the real motor behavior along a wide range of operation is obtained. The non-linear model is validated and compared using real-time data obtained from Quanser's direct current motor control trainer system, using the numerical tool Matlab®/Simulink™

The Development of Program Logic Control (PLC) Trainer Media in Vocational High Schools

This study aimed to develop the Program Logic Control ( PLC ) media. The validity, practicalities, and effectiveness, can be used as a media of teaching in schools on subjects IML. The method used was Research and Development (R&D) with the 4-D model of developing procedure. The subjects in this study were students of SMK Negeri 5 Batam, the technical data analysis obtained from 5 experts. Analysis of the data used to measure the validity, practicality, and effectiveness by looking at the difference between the average score of learning scores before and after using the trainer with Gain Score and Standard Deviation. The results of the study met the instructional media qualifications from the assessment of experts with a level of 0.88 stated in the valid category. In practicality based on the teacher's response was 92.00% and on the student, responses were 90.50%. Effectiveness is obtained from the results of the pretest with an average score was 59.63%, from the results of the posttest with an average score of 79.63%, the N-gain of the average student was 0.37 and the standard deviation from N -gain was 0.52. So, PLC trainers are valid, practical, and effective in learning at school. The PLC media trainer can be used in the learning process at school.

The Effect of Portable Electrical Motor Trainer Motor Media To Enhancing Creative and Critical Ability

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using portable electric motor control trainer media on increasing creative thinking skills and critical thinking skills in electrical engineering students. This research is an experimental study using Pretest-Posttest group design. The subject of the study is electrical engineering students at Nusantara University, PGRI Kediri consisting of 27 students. The level of creativity is measured through aspects of fluency, flexibility, authenticity, and elaboration, while aspects of critical thinking ability are by giving simple explanations, building basic skills, giving further explanation, applying strategies and techniques, and concluding. The study determines the increase in creative and critical thinking skills using N-Gain analysis. The result shows that: 1) the students' creative thinking skills are increased by learning using a portable type electric motor control trainer media that was categorized high on aspects of fluency and elaboration, and categorized based on aspects of flexibility and authenticity; 2) the students' critical thinking skills increase after participating in learning by using portable type electric motor control trainer media which is high in the aspects of elementary classification, inference, strategy and tactics, and categorized based on the aspects of basic support and advanced classification.

Offset free data driven control: application to a process control trainer

This work presents a data driven control strategy able to track a set point without steady-state error. The control sequence is computed as an affine combination of past control signals, which belong to a set of trajectories stored in a process historian database. This affine combination is computed so that the variance of the tracking error is minimised. It is shown that offset free control, that is zero mean tracking error, is achieved under the assumption that the state is measurable, the underlying dynamics are linear and the trajectories of the database share the same error dynamics and are in turn offset free. The proposed strategy learns the underlying controller stored in the database while maintaining its offset free tracking capability in spite of differences in the reference, disturbances and operating conditions. No training phase is required and newly obtained process data can be easily taken into account. The proposed strategy, related to direct weight optimisation learning techniques, is tested on a process control trainer.

Effect of Media Trainer on Electromagnetic Control and Industrial Panel on Learning Outcomes

The purpose of this research is: (1) to determine the quality of the learning medium of electromagnetic control trainers and learning devices, and learning instruments using problem-based learning models; (2) to know the influence of students ' learning outcomes between the learning media of electromagnetic control trainers and industry panels on student learning outcomes. This type of research used was experimental quasi research with a quantitative approach and a Nonequivalent control group design. The learning outcomes in this study were the results of the study of the cognitive sphere, the study of the affective realm, and the results of learning psychomotor realm. Data collection is with test sheets on pretes and postes for cognitive learning outcomes, observation sheets of students learning attitudes for the results of the affective realm and observation sheets for psychomotor realm learning outcomes. The results showed that: (1) The learning medium of electromagnetic control trainers, learning devices, and learning instruments using problem-based learning models received excellent quality results; (2) Learning results of students who learn to use the learning media of the higher electromagnetic control trainer significantly compared to the learning outcomes of students who learn using industrial panel media.

Development of IoT based Heat Exchanger Control Trainer for Undergraduate Process Control Programme

Heat exchanger control trainer is a device that helps to demonstrate process control of process variables and simulates real world industrial plant system whereas the implementation of Internet of things (IoT) technology allows wireless communication. This paper describes a work to develop an IoT based heat exchanger control trainer for undergraduate process control programme with the implement Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller and fuzzy logic controller into the control trainer system together. The work started up with the development of graphical user interface (GUI) for the control trainer followed by the construction and coding of the control trainer prototype. The work has developed a heat exchanger control trainer GUI with PID and fuzzy logic controller. Information was able to be transmitted wirelessly between the GUI and control trainer prototype using Wi-Fi modules. The tested maximum signal strength was -90 dBm in 50 m when connected to indoor Wi-Fi router. The control trainer was able to achieve simple temperature feedback control of the cold side of the heat exchanger. The user manual included the basic user guide of the developed control trainer user interface. Kp, Ki, Kd of Ziegler-Nichols tuning method obtained in Offline case studies are 90,18, 112.5 whereas 7.2009, 1.1473, and 7.3163 for Cohen-Coon tuning method. The Offline test result shows a better accuracy of control using the fuzzy logic controller with -0.07% of steady-state error. Further improvement could be made to by adding cooling system into the control trainer prototype and apply modern techniques in the GUI control systems.

Deliberate Practice in Combat Application Tourniquet Placement by Loop Passage.

We sought opportunities to develop learning practices of individual first aid providers. In this study, we simulated deliberate practice in placing limb tourniquets. This study comprised tourniquet uses by two experienced persons. Their practice sessions focused on developing a motor skill with periodic coaching. The Combat Application Tourniquet is 1.5-inches wide and was used in a technique of loop passage around the end of the limb to place it 2-3 inches above the wound. The simulated limb was a Z-Medica Hemorrhage Control Trainer. Both users applied the tourniquet six times over 5 days to accrue 30 uses individually (N = 60 tourniquet applications for the study). When represented as summary parameters, differences were small. For example, average ease of use was the same for both users, but such parameters only took a snapshot of performance, yielding a general assessment. However, for a learning curve by use number, a surrogate of experience accrual, application time revealed spiral learning. The amount that users compressed a limb averaged -15% compared with its unsqueezed state. Placement accuracy was classified relative to gap widths between the tourniquet and the wound, and of 60 performances, 55 were satisfactory and five were unsatisfactory (i.e., placement was <2 inches from the wound). When a tourniquet only overlaid the 2-inch edge of the placement zone (i.e., tourniquet was 2-3.5 inches away from the wound), no error was made, but errors were made in crossing that 2-inch edge. These gauging errors led us to create a template for learners to see and to demonstrate what the meaning of 2-3 inches is. Each metric had value in assessing first aid, but turning attention to gauging wound-tourniquet gaps revealed placement errors. Analysis of such errors uncovered what 2-3 inches meant in operation. Spiral learning may inform the development of best readiness practices such as coaching deliberate-practice sessions.

Development Of Electrical Motor Control Learning Media As Learning Support For Electrical Power Installation Courses In The Department Of Electrical Engineering

Learning media is everything that can channel the message of learning resources in a planned manner, to create a conducive learning environment, where the recipient can carry out the learning process effectively and efficiently. Vocational learning must be effective in meeting basic objectives to prepare vocational graduates to be ready to work. Thus, it is an assignment for lecturers whose function is to prepare vocational teacher candidates. The question that arises is "how should a learning media be developed", so that the learning process in the classroom can run effectively and efficiently, so that students get optimum learning outcomes. For this reason, it is necessary to do research with the title "Development of Electrical Motor Control (EMC) Learning Media as Learning Support for Electrical Power Installation Courses in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Surabaya State University", with the aim of: (1) to develop Electrical Motor Control (EMC) Trainer through research and development (R &amp; D); (2) to find out the feasibility level of the Trainer in a learning perspective; and (3) to determine the effectiveness of the EMC Trainer in the learning process. The study found that: (1) based on the validator's assessment, that the EMC Trainer that had been developed was very feasible to be used in learning in the Electrical Power Installation course; (2) based on the assessment of students, that the EMC Trainer is very suitable to be used in learning courses in Electric Power Installation; and (3) as many as 26 (74.28%) students get scores on learning outcomes in the 71-100 range, with good and excellent categories.

Abstract 263: CPR Posture for Life-Threatening Bleeding

Introduction: Bleeding from traumatic injury is a major source of morbidity and mortality, however, little data is available to aid guidelines developers in best practice of applying direct pressure when treating life-threatening hemorrhage. Hypothesis: This study investigated the use of two-handed pressure with bent arms versus two-handed pressure with straight arms to apply direct pressure to a hemorrhage model. Methods: Participants were recruited as a convenience sample in this IRB-approved study. A standardized hemorrhage control trainer with electronic feedback (Z-Medica), was set to record a minimum pressure of 3 psi (155 mmHg) as satisfactory pressure. Participants were randomized and instructed to use either two hands overlapping using arm strength only, or two hands overlapping with arms straight in a “CPR-like” position to apply force. Participants were allowed to train for 30 seconds and then were asked to hold pressure at or above 3 psi for a three minute time period. Participants were not given any feedback during testing. The program output reported the percent of time above the 3 psi pressure following participant completion of the 3 minute time period. Results: Thirty participants were enrolled and had data available for analysis. Demographics were statistically similar across groups. When using bent arms, participants provided pressure at or above 3 psi 63.7 % (SD 33.1) of the time. Participants using the “CPR posture” were above 3 psi 100% (SD 0) of the time [mean difference 36.27% (95% CI 18.78-53.75%]. The difference between the two experimental arms remained statistically significant when examined by age, gender, or medical experience. Conclusions: A straight-armed “CPR posture” allowed participants to successfully apply pressure to stop simulated bleeding, according to study parameters, 100% of the time. This information provides evidence about the most efficient way to provide high quality direct pressure to stop life-threatening hemorrhage. This method appears applicable to a broad demographic. As this posture is already widely taught in CPR classes, it can be easily adopted for hemorrhage control.

PENGEMBANGAN TRAINER PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROL (PLC) S7-1200 SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INSTALASI MOTOR LISTRIK DI SMK

Development of Programmable Logic Control (PLC) Trainer S7-1200 as a Learning Media for Electric Motors Installation Course in SMK. This research aims to develop a learning media for electric motor installation course, to assess the feasibility, and to identify the effect of the learning media on the student leaning outcomes improvement. This study used the ADDIE research design model, with a quantitative approach. The experimental design used a Quasi-Experimental Design with Nonequivalent Control Group Design model. The product feasibility result was declared as very feasible. The increase on the average score of pretest and posttest was 20.20% for the control group and 33.20% for the experimental group. The analysis using t-test showed that there was no significant difference on the pretest score, but there was a significant difference on the post-test score. The results of the gain test showed the average gain of 0.313 for the control class and 0.482 for the experimental class. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of the developed learning media S7-1200 trainer has been proved to be effective and suitable for learning in the Electric Motor Installation course.

Pengembangan Trainer Pengontrolan Elektromagnetik Pada Jurusan Teknik Instalasi Tenaga Listrik Di Smk Negeri 2 Peureulak – Aceh Timur

Department of Electrical Installation Engineering at SMKN 2 Peureulak is part of educational institutions that graduated the expertise and creativity students. Competencies obtained by students who tailored to industry-based curriculum criteria. Thus, they have ready-made expertise through the learning process. Learning tools or media used in the learning process were the important role to achieve the learning objectives. Therefore, the learning media used is very influential on the intensity of learners on the subject matter. Trainers are designed to implement a modular concept that each component is made separately, equipped with component names, symbols and manuals of use so that it can easily be introduced to components, use and facilitate understanding of the concept of electromagnetic control installed. The design and manufacture of this trainer through several stages of the material and information gathering stage, the design of each component module, the design of sliding frames and storage boxes, tool making, tool testing and the last manual book making. There are three steps to determine the eligibility of the electromagnetic control trainers, namely (1) the manufacture of electromagnetic control trainers (2) the trainer feasibility test (3) product testing. In this study, the respondents are 3 teachers and 23 students technical expertise program electrical installation in SMK Negeri 2 Peureulak. Research instrument used in the form of questionnaire of media feasibility test, student response questionnaire and observation sheet. The results showed that the electromagnetic control trainer that has been developed feasible to be used as instructional media of electromagnetic control in electrical engineering skill program at SMKN 2 Peureulak. The achievement of feasibility of trainer was performed from the result of feasibility analysis by expert team which get the percentage of 81% with good category, and the result of student response to the electromagnetic control trainer get the percentage of 87% with very good category. There was a significant difference between the learners' learning outcomes between before and after using trainers, where the average practice value before using the trainer was 77.81 and after trainer use increased to 82.30.

Stable cutting zone prediction in computer numerical control turning based on empirical mode decomposition and artificial neural network approach

Stable cutting zone prediction is the key requirement for retaining high-productivity with enhanced surface quality of work-piece. Tool chatter is one of the factors responsible for abrupt change in surface quality and productivity. In this research work, an optimum safe cutting zone has been predicted by analyzing the tool chatter so that higher productivity can be achieved. Initially, chatter signals have been recorded by performing experiments at different combinations of cutting parameters on computer numerical control trainer lathe. Further, these recorded signals have been preprocessed by empirical mode decomposition technique, followed by the selection of dominating intrinsic mode functions using Fourier transform. The preprocessed signals have been used to evaluate a new output parameter, that is, chatter index (CI). Artificial neural network (ANN) based on the feedforward backpropagation network has been proposed for predicting tool chatter in turning process. The input machining parameters considered are depth of cut, feed rate and cutting speed. It has also been deduced that from available different transfer functions, the Hyperbolic Tangent transfer function in ANN is best suitable to predict tool chatter severity in turning operation. Moreover, the safe cutting zone has been assessed by evaluating the dependency of CI on cutting parameters. Finally, more experiments have been conducted to validate the obtained cutting zone.