Yogurt consumption may help reduce chronic inflammation associated with obesity. However, the underlying mechanism(s) by which yogurt consumption modulates immune system have not been validated in human intervention studies. We hypothesized that 4-week yogurt consumption (12 oz/day) attenuates systemic inflammation by modulating the proportion of circulating Th17 and Treg cells in adult women with elevated body mass index (BMI). To test the hypothesis, we conducted a randomized crossover dietary intervention study consisted of a 4-week dietary intervention where participants consumed 12 oz of either low-fat dairy yogurt or a soy pudding control snack per day, with a 4-week wash-out between treatments. Thirty-nine healthy adult women with a BMI between 25-40 kg/m2 were enrolled and twenty of them completed the study. Changes in the biometrics, circulating T cells, markers of systemic and colonic inflammation were assessed between the two treatment groups, as well as twenty-four-hour diet recalls were conducted at baseline and following each treatment. The primary study outcome, the change in the proportion of circulating Th17 cells, was unaffected by the treatments. Secondary outcome measures, circulating Treg, Th17, and markers of chronic inflammation, were maintained by yogurt treatment, whereas circulating Treg was increased and IL-10 was reduced by control snack treatment. However, circulating Treg changes were not associated with changes to other biomarkers of inflammation, implying other immune cells and/or tissues may mediate circulating biomarkers of chronic inflammation. This study was approved by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Institutional Review Board and registered at ClinicalTrial.gov NCT04149418.