The finite-time stability (FTS) problem of uncertain neutral time-delay systems via a sliding mode control (SMC) approach is discussed in this paper. First, we construct a suitable sliding mode surface and an SMC law, which can guarantee the system states can reach the sliding mode surface in a finite time and maintain the sliding mode. Then, through the Lyapunov stability theory and the inequality techniques, the finite time stability of the closed-loop system during reaching phase and sliding mode phase is studied, a set of sufficient conditions which ensure the system to be finite-time stability is developed. Finally, a numerical simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the results.