Control Of Micro Research Articles

Dual Orthogonally Polarized Lasing Assisted by Imaginary Fermi Arcs in Organic Microcavities.

The polarization control of micro- and nanolasers is an important topic in nanophotonics. Up to now, the simultaneous generation of two distinguishable orthogonally polarized lasing modes from a single organic microlaser remains a critical challenge. Here, we demonstrate simultaneously orthogonally polarized dual lasing from a microcavity filled with an organic single crystal exhibiting selective strong coupling. We show that the non-Hermiticity due to polarization-dependent losses leads to the formation of real and imaginary Fermi arcs with exceptional points. Simultaneous orthogonally polarized lasing becomes possible thanks to the eigenstate mixing by the photonic spin-orbit coupling at the imaginary Fermi arcs. Our work provides a novel way to develop linearly polarized lasers and paves the way for the future fundamental research in topological photonics, non-Hermitian optics, and other fields.

Proposal to improve the relevant factors of internal control and profitability of micro and small companies in the commerce sector of Peru case: Bme Contratistas y Consultores S.A.C.- Ayacucho, 2022

En la actualidad los niveles de control interno y rentabilidad, tomaron mucha importancia para el logro de los resultados muy favorables en las utilidades estructuradas de carácter económico. Esta pesquisa tuvo como objetivo identificar las propuestas de mejora de los factores relevantes del control interno y rentabilidad de las micro y pequeñas empresas del sector comercio del Perú caso: BME contratistas y consultores S.A.C.- Ayacucho, 2022 se realizó un estudio cualitativo de tipo descriptivo, teórico documental no experimental para el estudio eficiente de las variables. En los resultados se evidenció de acuerdo al instrumento utilizado en dicha investigación que el personal encargado del cumplimiento de estas actividades también proporcionó información actualizada de acuerdo con las normas vigentes, lo que le dio a esta investigación importantes fundamentos teóricos para orientar en aspectos de control interno y rentabilidad. Esto ayudó a comprender con mayor profundidad el tema, así como en sus dimensiones de ambiente de control, evaluación de riesgos, actividades de control de gestión, información y comunicación, supervisión y seguimiento. Efectivamente se llegó a la conclusión que el control interno y la rentabilidad de MYPES, lo cual permitió sostener como respuesta a los objetivos formulados mediante el sustento descriptivo, para investigaciones posteriores que se asemejen a las variables de estudio. Por último, se proporcionó propuestas de mejora en otros gobiernos regionales cercanos al entorno de nuestra zona y ofrecer técnicas que reviertan las dificultades aún presentes en nuestra región. De la misma manera que sea útil para la investigación de otros autores.

Proposal to improve the internal control and profitability of micro and small commercial enterprises in Peru: case of microenterprise Distribuidora Ferreteria San Cayetano E.I.R.L. – Lima - 2023

No hay duda que para lograr una gestión eficiente en el control interno y la rentabilidad debe estar presente y notarse en los resultados económicos de la empresa, los métodos, políticos y procedimientos internos deben ser claros debe ser claro y sobre todo se tiene que advierte posibles riegos en la rentabilidad económico el objetivo de la investigación fue: identificar y describir las características del control interno y rentabilidad de las micro y pequeñas empresas del sector comercio del Perú y de la microempresa”. San Cayetano E.I.R.L.” de lima y hacer una propuesta de mejora, 2023.la metodología de investigación: no experimental – descriptivo –bibliográfico – documental y de caso; para el recojo de información se utilizó las técnicas de revisión bibliográfico y de la entrevista a través de un cuestionario. Los resultados arrojados, en el control interno y la rentabilidad en los cuestionarios de preguntas cerradas pertinentes; encontrando los siguientes resultados, que no contaban con un control interno en la rentabilidad empresa. De estudio que adopte una rentabilidad interna y si es externo que sea de otras entidades bancarias; ya qué, algunos ofrecen menos tasa de interés y esto sea financiado a corto plazo para no pagar una tasa de interés alta. finalmente, se concluye que, una buena mejora en la gestión en el control interno y rentabilidad tanto de esa manera evitaremos los riegos en diferentes ares caso de estudio, los resultados muestran que las empresas recurren a financiamiento de la rentabilidad externo, para tener un control en la rentabilidad.

Technology Innovation, Financing Risk and Control in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Supply Chain

With the development of supply chain finance, micro and small enterprises can effectively solve their financing difficulties and improve the flow of funds in the supply chain. This paper reviews the work done by past research in solving the financing problems of MSMEs, credit risk assessment and control, and the development of new technologies in supply chain finance. It discusses how technology affects the efficiency and security of supply chain finance and takes small and medium-sized enterprises as carriers to carry out a broader theoretical analysis of risk control and assessment. At the same time, the paper analyses the application of currently popular and advanced technologies, such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things, in solving the financing challenges of SMEs. In addition, the paper discusses and compares the risk assessment and control of micro and small enterprise financing and supply chain finance risk control and proposes corresponding solutions and models.

Research Progress on Colloid Pump Effect of Micro- and Nanoplastics in Drinking Water

Currently, micro- and nanoplastics are the most concerning pollutants, which have been confirmed to exist in every stage of drinking water treatment process. Micro- and nanoplastics in drinking water have large specific surface areas, which could adsorb inorganic matter, organic matter, and microorganisms, thereby increasing their risk to human health. The adsorption and agglomeration behavior of micro- and nanoplastics on typical pollutants is called the "colloid pump effect." Focused on the micro- and nanoplastics in drinking water, the occurrence, colloid pump effect, and toxic effect on the human body and the effect of colloid pumps on the removal of micro- and nanoplastics were summarized and described. The results revealed that micro- and nanoplastics existed widely in source water, treated water, pipe network water, and tap water. The colloid pump effect of micro- and nanoplastics promoted their agglomeration with inorganic matter, organic matter, and microorganisms, which not only intensified the toxic effect of micro- and nanoplastics but also affected the removal effect. There were different viewpoints on the effect of coagulation and sedimentation on the removal of micro- and nanoplastics, and the removal effect of sand filters was limited. The advanced treatment was an efficient process to remove micro- and nanoplastics with a particle size smaller than 5 μm. The removal rate of micro- and nanoplastics could be effectively improved by exploring the mechanism of the colloid pump effect and its initiation conditions. Finally, from the perspective of the drinking water treatment process and colloid pump effect, the control of micro- and nanoplastics in drinking water was prospected in order to provide reference for reducing the occurrence and toxicity of micro- and nanoplastics in drinking water, ensuring drinking water quality safety and human health.

Application of the Hough Transform to Dispersion Control of Overlapping Particles and Their Agglomerates

The dispersion control of micro- and nanoparticles by their images is of great importance for ensuring the specified properties of the particles themselves and materials based on them. The aim of this article was to consider the possibilities of using the Hough transform for dispersion control of overlapping particles and their agglomerates. Analysis of the application of the Hough transform for overlapping particles and their agglomerates showed the following. The particularities of the conventional implementation lead to the preferred registration of large particles, the shift of the centers of overlapping particles, and the distortion of the size values. To use the Hough transform correctly, fine-tuning of all its parameters is required. To automate this process, the dependences of the number and size of particles recorded in the image on the parameters of the Hough transform was investigated. The studies were carried out on test images with a known number and size of particles. The results showed that when the threshold parameters of the Hough transform change, the number of detected particles stabilizes near their optimal values. When the size range of particles detected by the Hough transform changes, the histogram of the particle size distribution changes. In this case, the optimal width of the range is determined by the most stable extremes of the histogram. The maximum center-to-center distance is set at least half of the optimal range. The configuration algorithm is described and implemented. It implies repeatedly running the Hough transform with different combinations of parameters. The algorithm includes stages of coarse and fine-tuning, which allows to getting closer to the optimal parameters. The efficiency of the algorithm has been confirmed on test and real images. Tests have shown that the errors in determining the size and number of particles of the multi-pass Hough transform are on the same level or exceed these indicators for analog methods.

Status and characteristics of microplastic pollution in Chinese freshwater environment

The system sorts out the distribution characteristics of microplastics, the toxic effect of biology, and the interaction with other pollutants. Micro -plastic is still a very difficult to control pollutant. Micro -plastic has a threat to the environment. At present, the control of micro -plastic pollution is very small, and it is urgent to strengthen supervision in this area.

Magnetic-field-controlled growth of magnetoelastic phase domains in FeRh

Magnetic phase transition materials are relevant building blocks for developing green technologies such as magnetocaloric devices for solid-state refrigeration. Their integration into applications requires a good understanding and controllability of their properties at the micro- and nanoscale. Here, we present an optical microscopy study of the phase domains in FeRh across its antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic phase transition. By tracking the phase-dependent optical reflectivity, we establish that phase domains have typical sizes of a few microns for relatively thick epitaxial films (200 nm), thus enabling visualization of domain nucleation, growth, and percolation processes in great detail. Phase domain growth preferentially occurs along the principal crystallographic axes of FeRh, which is a consequence of the elastic adaptation to both the substrate-induced stress and laterally heterogeneous strain distributions arising from the different unit cell volumes of the two coexisting phases. Furthermore, we demonstrate a magnetic-field-controlled directional growth of phase domains during both heating and cooling, which is predominantly linked to the local effect of magnetic dipolar fields created by the alignment of magnetic moments in the emerging (disappearing) FM phase fraction during heating (cooling). These findings highlight the importance of the magnetoelastic character of phase domains for enabling the local control of micro- and nanoscale phase separation patterns using magnetic fields or elastic stresses.

A Self-Evolving Neural Network-Based Finite-Time Control Technique for Tracking and Vibration Suppression of a Carbon Nanotube

The control of micro- and nanoscale systems is a vital yet challenging endeavor because of their small size and high sensitivity, which make them susceptible to environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. Despite promising methods proposed for these systems in literature, the chattering in the controller, convergence time, and robustness against a wide range of disturbances still require further attention. To tackle this issue, we present an intelligent observer, which accounts for uncertainties and disturbances, along with a chatter-free controller. First, the dynamics of a carbon nanotube (CNT) are examined, and its governing equations are outlined. Then, the design of the proposed controller is described. The proposed approach incorporates a self-evolving neural network-based methodology and the super-twisting sliding mode technique to eliminate the uncertainties’ destructive effects. Also, the proposed technique ensures finite-time convergence of the system. The controller is then implemented on the CNT and its effectiveness in different conditions is investigated. The numerical simulations demonstrate the proposed method’s outstanding performance in both stabilization and tracking control, even in the presence of uncertain parameters of the system and complicated disturbances.

Electronic Spectroscopy of Jet-Cooled NdO

Chemi-ionization reactions of the type M + O → MO+ + e- (M = Nd or Sm) are currently being investigated as a method to artificially increase the electron density in the ionosphere for control of micro- and radio wave propagation. Experiments involving the release of atomic Nd into the upper atmosphere have resulted in the production of a cloud that, on excitation by solar radiation, emits green light. It has been assumed that NdO was the carrier of this emission, but the existing spectroscopic data needed for this attribution is lacking. While the electronic spectrum of NdO has been well-characterized at wavelengths greater than 590 nm, relatively little spectroscopic data exist for emission wavelengths in the blue-green spectral range. In this study, spectra for jet-cooled NdO were recorded over the range 15,500-21,000 cm-1. Rotationally resolved laser induced fluorescence and vibronically resolved dispersed laser-induced fluorescence spectra were recorded, and nine new electronically excited states were identified. The data indicate that the electronic spectrum of NdO has relatively few allowed transitions in the green spectral range, casting doubt on the assignment of the Nd high-altitude release cloud green emission to NdO.

Application of Reinforcement Learning to Realize Highly Flexible Microsystem

We herein report on our recent investigation on the development of flexible control of micro (fluidic) system by the application of machine learning (reinforcement learning). Classical peristaltic micropump is employed as platform of the studies and Q-learning algorism, which is also classical algorism of reinforcement learning, is applied to the system. The acquiring of optimal micropumping behavior and manipulation of microbead in microchannel are demonstrated on the platform. The acquired micropumping sequence realize higher flow rate than typical sequences proposed in earlier studies. It is understood that the unique characteristics of the system are considered to acquire the sequence. The efficient micromanipulation of the microbead is also demonstrated on the same platform, even the microdevice is originally designed for the micropumping. Therefore, it could be concluded that the application of the reinforcement learning to a microsystem could be effective to extend the versatility by bringing out the potential of the system.

Control of Micro- and Nanostructures of Layered Double Hydroxides by Hydrothermal Treatment

Control of Micro- and Nanostructures of Layered Double Hydroxides by Hydrothermal Treatment

Self-assembly of colloidal cube superstructures with critical Casimir attractions

The structure of self-assembled materials is determined by the shape and interactions of the building blocks. Here, we investigate the self-assembly of colloidal ‘superballs’, i.e. cubes with rounded corners, by temperature-tunable critical Casimir forces to obtain insight into the coupling of a cubic shape and short range attractions. The critical Casimir force is a completely reversible and controllable attraction that arises in a near-critical solvent mixture. Using confocal microscopy and particle tracking, we follow the self-assembly dynamics and structural transition in a quasi-2D system. At low attraction, we observe the formation of small clusters with square symmetry. When the attraction is increased, a transition to a rhombic Λ1-lattice is observed. We explain our findings by the change in contact area at faces and corners of the building blocks combined with the increase in attraction strength and range of the critical Casimir force. Our results show that the coupling between the rounded cubic shape and short-range attraction plays a crucial role for the superstructures that form and provide new insights for the active assembly control of micro and nanocubes.

Determination of blood lithium-ion concentration using digital microfluidic whole-blood separation and preloaded paper sensors

Existing microfluidic technologies for blood tests have several limitations, including difficulties in integrating the sample preparation steps, such as blood dilution, and precise metering of tiny samples (microliter) for accurate downstream analyses on a chip. Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a liquid manipulation technique that can provide precise volume control of micro or nano-liter liquid droplets. Without using sensitive but complex detection methods for tiny droplets involving fluorescence, luminescence, and electrochemistry, this article presents a DMF device with embedded paper-based sensors to detect blood lithium-ion (Li+) concentration by colorimetry. Dielectrophoresis on the DMF device between two parallel planar electrodes separates plasma droplets (from tens to hundreds of nanoliters in volume) from undiluted whole blood (a few microliters) within 4 min with an efficiency exceeding 90%. The embedded paper sensors contain a detection reagent to absorb the DMF-transported plasma droplets. These droplets change the color of the paper sensors in accordance with the Li+ concentration. Subsequently, colorimetry is used to reveal the Li+ concentration via image analysis. The proposed method meets the detection-sensitivity requirement for clinical diagnosis of bipolar disorder, making the DMF device a potential therapeutic tool for rapid whole-blood Li+ detection.

Control of surface micro−structure for Al alloy/polymer joining fabricated by laser process using Al−Ti−C powders: Effect of powder composition.

Surface micro−structure for joining with thermoplastic parts was additively manufactured on an aluminum alloy (A5052) substrate by laser scanning on Al−Ti−C powder mixtures. The micro−structure consisted of particle−shaped protrusions with a few hundred micrometers. The effect of C content in Al−Ti−C powder mixtures on the micro−structure and constituent phases was investigated. The fraction of particle−shaped protrusion reached maximum when the C/Ti molar ratio was 0.8. Adhesiveness between the particle−shaped protrusions and A5052 substrate decreased drastically when the C/Ti molar ratio increased from 0.6 to 0.8. Changes in these structural factors were related to the formation of TiC and Al3Ti phases after the laser−irradiations. The A5052 substrate was joined with Polyamide−6 sheets via the micro−structure by hot−pressing. When the C/Ti molar ratio was 0.6, the joint strength reached maximum since both the fraction of particle−shaped protrusions and adhesiveness between particle−shaped protrusions and A5052 substrate were high. The constitute phases (TiC and Al3Ti phases) in the micro−structures were assessed by Scheil simulation for Al−Ti−C system to calculate the component partitioning and solidification path during solidification. These results were used to discuss the relation between the surface micro−structure and powder compositions.

Power-Flow-Based Secondary Control for Autonomous Droop-Controlled AC Nanogrids With Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading

Regarding the control of micro- and nanogrids, LC- or LCL-filtered power inverters (acting as interfaces with distributed energy resources such as photovoltaic or wind) commonly perform as grid-forming or grid-supporting units to maintain both the frequency and voltage within pre-set standards. Nevertheless, these power inverters are assumed to be connected at the same point of common coupling directly or via radial feeders; thus, the voltage references are the same for each parallel power inverter, thus requiring a virtual impedance loop. In addition, classic power sharing techniques comply with their individual power rates, and circulating currents among distributed generators are not considered. Under these circumstances, energy trading among prosumers and peer-to-peer contracts is not feasible in autonomous AC micro- and nanogrid operations. This paper proposes a reformulated power flow problem, adapted to autonomous droop-controlled AC microgrids, to be used as a secondary control layer. The entire hierarchical control is implemented and experimentally validated in a laboratory-scale nanogrid with energy storage systems, photovoltaic generators and power converters. The obtained results demonstrate the proper performance of the proposed approach, with successful operation of primary and inner controllers.

Current data on the effectiveness of gliclazide and molecular mechanisms of action of the drug

With the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the possibility of treating it with available drugs is one of the main issues. Although glycemic control and reduction of micro- and macrovascular outcomes remain important aspects of treatment, the main limiting factors are the availability and cost of oral hypoglycemic agents. Although newer agents, such as sodium -glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, potentially being valuable for patients with insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications, they are relatively expensive and have limited availability. Second-generation sulfonylureas effectively reduce glycated hemoglobin and contribute to the prevention of micro- and macrovascular complications of T2DM The review substantiates the role of Gliclazide MR as a more affordable drug for the treatment of T2DM, the safety of which has been confirmed by many studies; cardio-and nephroprotective effects are shown, as well as mechanisms for influencing в-cells of the pancreas and extrapancreatic effects through activation of phospholipase C and the G-protein-сoupled-receptors (GPCR) are analyzed. The latest data on the assessment of adverse events of Gliclazide MR are presented in comparison with both other sulfonylureas and glucose-lowering drugs of other classes.

Protocolo de tratamiento y seguimiento del paciente diabético adulto. Objetivos terapéuticos y de prevención

The follow-up of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) has to be focused on treatment adherence and healthy life-styles, in addition to control of both vascular risk factors and micro- and macrovascular complications. Drug therapy of type 2 DM is based on metformin, although other drugs and, even, insulin therapy may be used in metformin-intolerant patients or with poor glycemic control. Glycemic control is carried out by the control of glycosylate hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, related with cardiovascular events (the lower the HbA1c, the fewer events). Risk factor control is essential in order to prevent cardiovascular events.

In Situ Synthesized MEMS Compatible Energetic Arrays Based on Energetic Coordination Polymer and Nano-Al with Tunable Properties.

Integrating energetic materials with a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) to achieve miniaturized integrated smart energetic microchips is promising. The potential applications include actuation in lab-on-a-chip devices, ignition in automobile airbags, propulsion and attitude control of micro-/nano-satellites, and miniaturized electro-explosive devices. In this work, a new type of MEMS-compatible energetic arrays was in situ realized on a copper substrate, which comprised a new energetic coordination polymer (ECP; Cu1.5C2N8O2·H2O) with tunable nanostructures and a nano-aluminum (nano-Al) covering layer. The composition, morphology, and energetic characteristics of the energetic arrays can be easily tuned by adjusting the reaction time. The maximum heat release of 1850.2 J/g in thermal analysis and the intense flame in open burning experiment proved its excellent exothermic and combustion performance. A closed-bomb experiment further revealed that the ECP@nano-Al energetic arrays supported on Cu(OH)2 nanorods had a peak pressure (5.5 MPa) and a pressure duration (0.5 s) more than twice those of nanoscale Al/CuO powder because of the introduction of gas elements (e.g., C, H, and N). A preliminary impulse experiment was also conducted through the torsion pendulum method. The displacement of the torsion pendulum in the micrometer scale proved the potential application of the energetic arrays in micropropulsion systems. Overall, this work can serve as a reference for the synthesis and applications of ECPs.

Recent advances in manipulation of micro- and nano-objects with magnetic fields at small scales

Magnetic manipulation is very promising for the motion control of micro- and nano-objects, which has wide applications in the mixing, trapping, colloidal assembly and object transport, and the recent progress in these areas is reviewed in this work.