Control Of Major Insect Pests Research Articles

Efficacy of Certain Insecticides against Sucking Pests and Phyllody in Sesamum

A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural college, Naira during rabi, 2020-21 on the control of major insect pests on sesamum viz., leafhopper Hishimonus phycitis (Distant) and whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and phyllody disease. The results revealed that tthiamethoxam 25WG @ 0.25 g/ l was very effective against both the pests with 72.2 and 50.5% reduction in incidence, respectively. Thiamethoxam was also effective against phyllody (PDI of 5.72), and gave a maximum seed yield of 6.50 q/ ha and B:C ratio (1:4.7). Seed treatment with imidacloprid 17.5SL @ 5 ml/ kg seed stood as the next best with B:C ratio of 1:3.7.

Effects of some botanical extracts on the control of major insect pests of okra in the Sudan Savannah Agro-Ecological Zone of Nigeria

Two location trials were conducted in 2018 dry season at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri (Unimaid) and demonstration site of the Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture (MOLCA) Maiduguri to assess the insecticidal potentials of three botanicals and a control in the management of Attractomorpha acutipennis, Amarasca biguttula biguttula, Aphis gossypii and Bemisia tabaci infestation on okra. These treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times. Data collected include the number of damaged and undamaged leaves and the number of insect pests. Using Analysis of variance (ANOVA), results showed that the extracts significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the population of the insects and the number of damaged leaves when compared with control in both locations. Plots treated with Balanite aegytiaca extract recorded the lowers population of Attractomorpha acutipennis, A. biguttula biguttula, A. gossypii and B. tabaci. Similarly, Balanite aegytiaca extract recorded the lower leaves damaged than plots treated with Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract in both locations. Among all the treatments evaluated, Plots treated with Balanite aegytiaca extract significantly recorded the least number of A. gossypii and A. biguttula biguttula in both locations. However, plots treated with Balanite aegytiaca extract significantly gave the least number of B. tabaci at MOLCA while plots treated with Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract gave the least number of the insect at UNIMAID. There was no significant difference in the performance of Balanite aegytiaca and Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract. Balanite aegytiaca extract also recorded the least number of damaged leaves in both locations.

Natural insecticides from native plants of the Mediterranean basin and their activity for the control of major insect pests in vegetable crops: shifting from the past to the future

The Mediterranean basin thrives in native plant species are able to produce numerous derivatives that can be used for insect pest control. This article provides an up-to-date overview of the most important native plant species commonly found in this region that have a certain insecticidal value in vegetable crops. Regarding the insecticidal activity of extracts from selected native species, results from both laboratory and field experiments will be also presented to highlight the potential of the latter as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Considering the great diversity in ingredients among the various plant species, it is essential to record and describe the chemical composition of these species, in conjunction with their insecticidal activity against the main insect pests of vegetable crops. The review concludes in underlining the critical points for increasing the effectiveness and consequently the practical use of natural insecticides in crop protection. Moreover, emphasis is given in understanding the importance of the production of standardized and stable natural resource-based insecticides through the development of suitable formulations, such as capsule suspension that protects the active ingredients from environmental degradation and improves their residual activity.

Validation of a bio-based integrated pest management package for the control of major insect pests on Chinese mustard in Cambodia

Chinese mustard is an important leafy vegetable, which is grown in about 5% of total vegetable area in major vegetable producing provinces of Cambodia. Production of Chinese mustard is severely hampered by the insect pests especially lepidopteran caterpillars and the flea beetles. Chinese mustard producers predominantly rely on the application of chemical pesticides for management of these pests and produce blemish free produce. In order to reduce the extensive reliance on pesticides, efficacy of biopesticides (Bacillus thuringiensis and Metarhizium anisopliae formulations, and neem extract), either alone and in combination (as an IPM package) against diamondback moth, common armyworm, cabbage webworm and striped flea beetle on Chinese mustard was assessed in three different provinces of Cambodia during 2015–2018. The bio-pesticides reduced the incidence of diamondback moth, common armyworm, cabbage webworm and the damage by striped flea beetle to the levels equivalent to chemical pesticide (abamectin) during trials in 2015 and 2016. Although the yield was significantly higher in bio-pesticide treated plots than untreated plots in 2015, the yield did not differ among the treatments in 2016 trials. Multi-location trials during 2016–2018 confirmed that the performance of the bio-based IPM package was on par with farmers’ practice of calendar-based pesticide application in reducing the damages by target pests, leading to significant yield gains. Hence, the bio-based IPM package can be a better alternative to chemical pesticides in managing the key insect pests on Chinese mustard in Cambodia.

Development and validation of an integrated pest management strategy for the control of major insect pests on yard-long bean in Cambodia

Yard-long bean is one of the most popular vegetables, and is extensively grown in Southeast Asian countries including Cambodia. However, yard-long bean production is severely affected by a plethora of insect pests and diseases, and application of chemical pesticides is the main mode of pest control. In order to reduce the over-reliance on chemical insecticides, we evaluated the effectiveness of microbial pesticides (Bacillus thuringiensis and Metarhizium anisopliae formulations), and neem leaf extract alone and in combination (as an IPM package) against aphids, thrips and pod borer on yard-long bean in three different provinces of Cambodia from 2015 to early 2018. The bio-pesticides reduced the incidences of thrips (Megalurothrips usitatus), and the infestation by the aphid (Aphis craccivora) and the pod-borer (Maruca vitrata) to the levels equivalent to chemical pesticide (abamectin) during trials in 2015 and 2016. Although the yield was significantly higher in bio-pesticide treated plots than untreated plots in 2015, the yield did not differ significantly among the treatments in 2016 trials. Multi-location trials during 2016–2018 confirmed that the performance of the IPM package was on par with Farmers’ practice (calendar-based application of chemical pesticides) in reducing the infestations by target pests, without compromising yield. Hence, the IPM package can be a better alternative to chemical pesticides in managing the key insect pests on yard-long bean in Cambodia.

Cross-spectrum Insect Control with Foliar Insecticides in Broccoli, 2014: Table 1

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy of insecticide mixtures compared to Exirel applied alone, for cross-spectrum control of major insect pests (sucking and chewing pests) in broccoli under fall growing conditions. Broccoli “Emerald Crown” was direct seeded into double row beds on 42-inch centers on 4 September, 2014. Plots were two beds in width by 45 ft in length and bordered by two untreated beds. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in an RCB design. Product formulations and rates for each compound are provided in Table 1. Two foliar sprays were applied on 30 September and 15 October with a CO2 pressurized boom sprayer that delivered a broadcast application through 2 TXVS-18 …

Field Evaluation of Two Essential Oils and a Synthetic Insecticide for the Control of some Major Insect Pests of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) In Bauchi State, Nigeria

Field studies were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi (10° 17’N, 9° 49’E), during the cropping seasons of 2009 and 2010. The objectives of the experiments were to compare the efficacy of essential oils of neem, Azadracta indica A. Juss. and mahogany, Khaya sensgalensis A. Juss. seeds along with synthetic insecticide, Cymbush + Dimethoate (Cymbush super ED). and their application frequencies in the control of major cowpea insect pests, Maruca vitrata Fab. and Pod sucking bug complex. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a factorial combination of insecticide type (neem and mahogany oils) as main treatment and the application frequency (2, 3 and 4 application frequency) as sub treatment. Each of the treatments along with the control was replicated four times. Results in both seasons revealed that, all the essential oil treatments were significantly (P=0.05) better than the control in reducing population and damage caused by the two insect pests on cowpea. The three and four application frequencies proved better than two application frequency with respect to increase in grain yield. It is therefore, suggested that resource poor farmers should be encouraged to use mahogany oil applied at bud initiation, flowering and 50% podding stages in reducing the population and damage of the two major pests for a significant increase in grain yield relative to control. Thus, this could play a role in the integrated management of the target pests in Bauchi.

施設栽培ピーマンにおける主要害虫の総合防除に関する研究 5．近紫外線除去フィルムで被覆した施設におけるククメリスカブリダニとタイリクヒメハナカメムシを用いたミナミキイロアザミウマの防除

施設栽培ピーマンにおける主要害虫の総合防除に関する研究 5．近紫外線除去フィルムで被覆した施設におけるククメリスカブリダニとタイリクヒメハナカメムシを用いたミナミキイロアザミウマの防除

Mineral oils: Non-conventional chemicals in the control of insect pests and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) WALP) at Asaba and Abraka during the early season, Delta State, Nigeria

Mineral oils are refined petroleum products. They have been employed as contact insecticides to control insect pests on various crops in many parts of the world. Three types – premium motor spirit (PMS), dual purpose kerosene (DPK) and automotive gas oil (AGO) at 0.4% were evaluated to assess their efficacy in the control of major insect pests of cowpea in two locations – Asaba and Abraka, Delta State. Influence of pest control on grain yield was also determined and comparison of the two agro-ecological zones in terms of insect species and yield was made. The study was conducted at both locations during the early cropping season (May – July) of 2005. The experiments were conducted at Asaba in the Teaching and Research Farm of the Agronomy Department, Delta State University while at Abraka on a piece of land about 100 metres to Campus 2 of Delta State University, Abraka. The experimental design was a randomised complete block design with five treatments and three replications. The results indicated that all the tested mineral oils effectively controlled M. sjostedti at 0.4% concentration. Similarly, M. vitrata was subdued by PMS and AGO at both locations. Grain yields were high in the two locations; however, Abraka yields were significantly (P<0.05) higher than Asaba. The present study provides the evidence that mineral oils are suitable bio-chemicals for cowpea insect pests control in Nigeria and should be tested further so that it could be incorporated into the pest management programme.

Evaluation of native soap (local black soap) for the control of major insect pests and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) WALP in ASABA, Southern Nigeria

Three concentrations of native soap namely 1, 2 and 3 percent were evaluated for the control of four major insect pests and yield of cowpea. The insect pests studied were the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, legume bud thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Tryb, legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fab. and pod sucking bugs. The experiments were conducted in the early and late planting seasons in the Teaching and Research Farms of the Agronomy Department, Asaba Campus, Delta State University, southern Nigeria. Effect of chemicals on insect pests indicated that M. sjostedti damage was prevented at all the tested soap concentrations. Similarly, at 2% concentration, Maruca population was reduced in the early season. During the late season, all the tested soap concentrations effectively controlled A. craccivora and pod sucking bugs. At 1% concentration, M. sjostedti was effectively checked. On grain yield, the figures suggested that native soap was an insecticide for pest control in cowpea production. In particular, 2% and 1% concentrations gave cowpea yield of 570.00kg ha -1 and 547.90kg ha -1 respectively in the early season. It was observed however, that during the study, native soap had an inhibitory property by delaying and reducing copious flowering in cowpea. In the late season, yield were relatively low in all the soap treatments due to very low rain. The study suggests that (1) native soap is an effective bio-pesticide against cowpea insect pests (2) more grain yield could be obtained if the inhibitory factor in native soap is removed; local cowpea growers may prefer it to synthetic chemicals, since this could save cost and pose less hazards to health.

Field evaluation of some selected plant materials for the control of major insect pests of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.) in the Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria

Field experiments were carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi during the rainy season of 2005. The study was carried out with sole objective of evaluating the efficacy of six selected plant materials (sweetsop, red pepper, garlic, neem, mahogany and gmalina) against the major insect pests of cowpea variety, Dan Sokoto. The experiment was laid down in randomised complete block design with seven treatments. Each treatment was replicated three times. The results of the study showed that all the plant materials used were significantly (p < 0.05) better than control where no plant material was used in controlling the population of B. tabaci, E. dolichi, M. sjostedti and C. tomentosicollis at 1, 2 and 3 days after application of the treatments. Similarly the effects of these plant materials on the number of seeds/pod showed a significant (p < 0.05) difference between plots treated with plant materials and control. On the grain yield of the crop, all the plant materials showed significant effect except mahogany and the control which were statistically similar. Furthermore, the order of level of control indicated that sweet sop has (70.7%), garlic (69.3%), neem (61.0%), red pepper (54.0%), ash (30.9%), and mahogany (3.5%). The result of the present finding therefore recommends the use of sweet sop, garlic and neem as they were found to be the most promising in the control of major cowpea insect pests.

Evaluation of the toxicity of Actara 25 WG for the control of the cocoa mirid Sahlbergella singularis Hagl. (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Nigeria

In Nigeria, the brown cocoa mirid Sahlbergella singularis is responsible for over 30% yield loss in cocoa. Insecticides still remain a very important component among the strategies for effective control of major insect pests of cocoa in Nigeria. The Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) has the “National Mandate” to evaluate and recommend new insecticides for use on cocoa in Nigeria. The mortality rates of mirids on exposure to the various concentrations (0.01, 0.013, 0.015 and 0.02%) of Actara 25 WG increased with period of exposure of the mirids in the laboratory. Both Actara and the Standard Miricide were similar at 0.020% concentration as both gave a 100% kill of mirids at the 90th min. No mortalities were recorded in control cages throughout the exposure period. The insecticide did not produce any adverse side effects on cocoa seedlings and mature plants sprayed with the various concentrations over the years. The relative toxicity of the insecticide at the four different concentrations to adult mirids, 24 h after the first field treatment application, was 93.3, 82.4, 81.8 and 100% adult mortality, respectively. In the case of the nymphal mirids, percentage mortality was 89.6, 81.5, 86.8 and 94.3% for the various concentrations, respectively. The population of both the adult and nymphal mirids crashed to almost zero (0) in most cases suggesting about 100% mortality 24 h after the second spraying on the residual mirid populations. Mirid numbers remained so low until the third spray application after which it was unnecessary to spray the sub-plots, thereafter. Spraying of mature and fruiting cocoa farms at application rate of 0.015% was found adequate and recommended taking into consideration the impact of the product on the environment and for economic reasons.

The first account of the mating disruption technique for the control of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii Maskell (Homoptera: Diaspididae) using new biodegradable dispensers

Semiochemical-based pest management programs have been increasingly used to provide environmentally friendly methods for the control of major insect pests. The efficacy of the mating disruption technique has been demonstrated for several moth pests. Unfortunately, not many experiments on mating disruption to control diaspididae species have been documented. In this work, biodegradable dispensers for mating disruption with increasing pheromone loads were used in order to study the potential of this technique for the control of Aonidiella aurantii Maskell. Field trial results demonstrated that dispensers loaded with 50 mg (a.i.) (20 g ha-1) and 100 mg (a.i.) (40 g ha-1) of sex pheromone were the most suitable, achieving significant reductions in male catches, compared to an untreated plot. In treated plots, virtually a 70% reduction in damage to fruit was recorded. Pheromone release profiles of all the dispensers were also studied under field conditions. We found that emission values >250 microg day-1 were the most suitable. This study suggests a new biodegradable dispenser capable of interfering with normal A. aurantii chemical communication. The use of mating disruption as a control method against A. aurantii is discussed.

Effects of insecticidal treatment on the Yield and Control of major Insect Pests of Soybean (&lt;i&gt;Glycine max&lt;/i&gt; (L.) Merrill) in South-eastern Nigeria

Field experiments were conducted in 1995 and 1996 at Umudike southeastern Nigeria to compare the effectiveness of lindane, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and dimethoate in the control of the major insect pests and yield of soybean. The major insect pests found infesting soybean at 26 to 56 days after planting (DAP) in all the insecticidal treatments were the defoliators, Monolepta duplicata Sahl and Ootheca mutabilis Sahl while the stink bugs, Nezara viridula Linnaeus and Aspavia armigera Fabricius attacked soybean from 56DAP to 86DAP, respectively. During both years, it was found that the insecticides significantly (P Mantis religiosa L. (Mantidae). It was also found that the insecticides significantly (P Int. J. Agric. Rural Dev. , 2003, 4: 100-109

Physical Control of Major Insect Pests and Effect of Near-Ultraviolet-Absorbing Vinyl Film on Parasitism of Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in Tomatoes

Physical Control of Major Insect Pests and Effect of Near-Ultraviolet-Absorbing Vinyl Film on Parasitism of <I>Encarsia formosa</I> Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in Tomatoes

Effect of planting dates on the Yield and Control of major Insect Pests of Soybean (&lt;i&gt;Glycine max&lt;/i&gt; (L) Merril) in Southeastern Nigeria

The effect of planting dates on the yield and control of major insect pests of soybean were studied in the 1995 and 1996 planting seasons at Umudike, Southeastern Nigeria. The incidence of the defoliators, Monolepta duplicata Sahl and Ootheca mutabilis Linnaeus in all the planting dates were earlier (2 weeks after planting, 2WAP) up to 8WAP. However, the stink bugs, Nezara viridula Linnaeus and Aspavia armigera Fabricius were found infesting soybean pods from 8WAP to 14 WAP. The peak populations of the defoliators and stinkbugs were recorded at 4WAP and 10WAP, respectively. The crop planted on August 20 had a significantly (P [IJARD Vol.3 2002: 121-126]

PROSPECTS FOR THE CLASSICAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MAJOR INSECT PESTS AND WEEDS IN SOUTHERN CHINA

Abstract This paper deals with the prospects for the classical biological control of major insect pests and weeds in southern China. One hundred and seventy‐four species of insect pests in southern China are nominated and their broad distribution and origin or possibly origin in other countries are discussed. An attempt is made to draw together information relevant to where a search might be made for natural enemies if an arthropod pest is being considered as the target for classical biological control. The success of classical biological control of the six insect pests and five weeds elsewhere in the world has been indicated. It is recommended to take urgent measures to strengthen and expand projects in classical biological control in China.

施設栽培ピーマンにおける主要害虫の総合防除に関する研究 １．ヤマトクサカゲロウを用いたアブラムシ類防除

施設栽培ピーマンにおける主要害虫の総合防除に関する研究 １．ヤマトクサカゲロウを用いたアブラムシ類防除

施設栽培ピーマンにおける主要害虫の総合防除に関する研究 ２．数種昆虫病原糸状菌のミナミキイロアザミウマおよびモモアカアブラムシに対する病原性

施設栽培ピーマンにおける主要害虫の総合防除に関する研究 ２．数種昆虫病原糸状菌のミナミキイロアザミウマおよびモモアカアブラムシに対する病原性

施設栽培イチゴにおける主要害虫の総合防除 １． 無加温促成栽培下における天敵と選択的薬剤を組み合わせた防除試験

施設栽培イチゴにおける主要害虫の総合防除 １． 無加温促成栽培下における天敵と選択的薬剤を組み合わせた防除試験