Control Of Eating Questionnaire Research Articles

Stronger control of eating 3 months after sleeve gastrectomy predicts successful weight loss outcomes at one year

BackgroundWeight loss response to sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is variable and predicting the effectiveness of surgery is challenging and elusive. The aim of our study was to assess and quantify the association between eating control and weight loss outcomes and identify the control of eating (CoE) attributes during the early postoperative period that might predict good vs. poor response to SG at one year. MethodsA prospective longitudinal cohort study using the Control of Eating Questionnaire (CoEQ) was designed as a series before and at 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-SG. Primary outcomes were changes in CoE attributes and percent of total weight loss (%TWL) 12-months post-surgery. Subjects were categorized based on %TWL as good (GR, ≥25 %) or poor responders (PR, <25 %). A receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses were performed. ResultsWe included 41 participants (80.5% females, 51.2% Hispanic, mean age 41.7±10.6, median baseline body mass index (BMI) 43.6 kg/m2 [range 35.2–66.3]) who completed the CoEQ at all four timepoints. The “Difficulty to control eating” score at 3 months revealed the highest area under the curve (AUC) (AUC 0.711; 95%CI 0.524–0.898; p=0.032). In a trade-off between a high Youden index and high sensitivity, the “Difficulty to control eating” score of 7 at 3 months was identified as the optimal cut-off for distinguishing between GRs and PRs. Score ≤7 at 3 months was strongly independently associated with a successful weight loss target of 25%TWL at one-year post-SG (Relative Risk 4.43; 95%CI 1.06–18.54; p=0.042). Conclusion“Difficulty to control eating” score at 3 months post-SG is an independent early predictor of optimal response (achieving a successful TWL target of ≥25 % at one-year post-SG). Our results support the utility of this easy-to-administer validated tool for predicting the effectiveness of SG and may assist in identifying individuals with suboptimal response early and helping them with interventions to attain optimal weight loss targets.

Helping providers address psychological aspects of obesity in routine care: Development of the obesity adjustment dialogue tool (OADT)

BackgroundThis study developed and validated a dialogue tool (Obesity Adjustment Dialogue Tool) to efficiently assess QoL and drive to eat for use in routine clinical care. MethodsA 13-question interview was created, assessing the impact of living with obesity on quality of life and drive to eat. In a counter-balanced order, PwO were interviewed and completed the Obesity Adjustment Survey (OAS), the Impact of Obesity on Quality of Life-Lite scale (IWQoL), the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TREQ), and the Control of Eating Questionnaire (COEQ). Questionnaire results were used to validate the interview using correlational and concordance measures. Results101 PwO consented and 98 completed all measures (mean BMI = 37.8; 30.7% Class III obesity). Correlations between the QoL dialogue tool and validated instruments (OAS, IWQOL) were moderate to high. Correlations between cravings questions and validated measures (TFEQ, COEQ) were high except for attempts to control eating. Correspondence based on categorizing both the dialogue tool and scales into high/low impact was high except for attempts to control eating (which was dropped from the final tool). ConclusionThe Obesity Adjustment Dialogue Tool is a brief clinician-led structured interview which closely matches information derived from validated scales. This tool offers an efficient approach to incorporating QoL factors into obesity management.

Exploring the pathways from the power of food to food cravings in a sample of Brazilian young adults

The present study has three main objectives: a) to analyse, for the first time, the factor structure of the Control of Eating Questionnaire (CoEQ) in a Brazilian sample; b) to explore, through in-depth interviews, motivators and consequences of food cravings among participants with high scores on the CoEQ; and c) to analyse whether and how the power of food is related to food cravings. The study involved 335 young adults aged 18–30 years, balanced for sex. The CoEQ and the Power of Food Scale (PFS) were used in an online survey. The CoEQ and PFS were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with a subsample (n = 20) with high CoEQ scores. The Socratic questioning method was used for the interviews. The interviews were transcribed and analysed according to thematic content analysis. The PFS and the CoEQ showed adequate factor structure with reliable factors. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that both food availability and seeking relief from stressors serve as motives for food cravings. Concern for health and weight gain were cited as consequences of cravings, as was seeking distraction to cope with these cravings. It was found that the PFS aggregate factor was a significant influencing factor for craving control (β = 0.604; p < 0.001), craving for savoury (β = 0.382; p < 0.001), craving for sweet (β = 0.414; p < 0.001) and positive mood (β = −0.198; p < 0.001). The findings suggest that the relationship between food cravings and the power of food is significant in today's obesogenic environment.

Effects of semaglutide on cardiovascular risk factors and eating behaviors in type 2 diabetes

AimsAim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of once-weekly semaglutide on different end-points indicative of metabolic control, cardiovascular risk, dietary behavior, and treatment satisfaction in T2DM.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study conducted in a diabetes clinic. Changes in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), weight, blood pressure, lipid profile, and number of antihypertensive drugs at 32 weeks (T1) after the first prescription of semaglutide (T0) were analyzed. Furthermore, at T1 patients were asked to fill-in the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) and the Control of Eating Questionnaire (COEQ).ResultsOverall, 104 patients were identified (mean age 63.6 ± 10.4 years, 58.7% men, diabetes duration 12.7 ± 8.7 years). After 32 weeks of treatment with semaglutide, HbA1c levels were reduced by 1.38%, FBG by − 56.53 mg/dl, weight by 6.03 kg. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total, HDL-, LDL-, and non –HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides significantly improved. The number of glucose-lowering and antihypertensive drugs also decreased. At T1, DTSQ score was 32.23 ± 1.44, whereas COEQ indicated low levels of hunger and good control of eating.ConclusionsThe study documented benefits of semaglutide on metabolic control and multiple CV risk factors, simplification of therapeutic schemes and high satisfaction with diabetes treatment, and eating behaviors indicative of healthy diet and reduced food intake.

The effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly on energy intake, appetite, control of eating, and gastric emptying in adults with obesity.

AimTo investigate the effects of once‐weekly subcutaneous (s.c.) semaglutide 2.4 mg on gastric emptying, appetite, and energy intake in adults with obesity.Materials and MethodsA double‐blind, parallel‐group trial was conducted in 72 adults with obesity, randomized to once‐weekly s.c. semaglutide (dose‐escalated to 2.4 mg) or placebo for 20 weeks. Gastric emptying was assessed using paracetamol absorption following a standardized breakfast. Participant‐reported appetite ratings and Control of Eating Questionnaire (CoEQ) responses were assessed, and energy intake was measured during ad libitum lunch.ResultsThe area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) for paracetamol 0 to 5 hours after a standardized meal (AUC0–5h,para; primary endpoint) was increased by 8% (P = 0.005) with semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo at week 20 (non‐significant when corrected for week 20 body weight; P = 0.12). No effect was seen on AUC0–1h,para, maximum observed paracetamol concentration, or time to maximum observed paracetamol concentration. Ad libitum energy intake was 35% lower with semaglutide versus placebo (1736 versus 2676 kJ; estimated treatment difference −940 kJ; P <0.0001). Semaglutide reduced hunger and prospective food consumption, and increased fullness and satiety when compared with placebo (all P <0.02). The CoEQ indicated better control of eating and fewer/weaker food cravings with semaglutide versus placebo (P <0.05). Body weight was reduced by 9.9% with semaglutide and 0.4% with placebo. Safety was consistent with the known profile of semaglutide.ConclusionsIn adults with obesity, once‐weekly s.c. semaglutide 2.4 mg suppressed appetite, improved control of eating, and reduced food cravings, ad libitum energy intake and body weight versus placebo. There was no evidence of delayed gastric emptying at week 20, assessed indirectly via paracetamol absorption.

Effect of Lorcaserin Alone and in Combination with Phentermine on Food Cravings After 12-Week Treatment: A Randomized Substudy.

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effect of lorcaserin 10mg twice daily (LOR BID) or with phentermine, 15mg/day (LOR BID+PHEN QD) and 15mg twice daily (LOR BID+PHEN BID) in conjunction with energy restriction, on food cravings.Methods235 patients without diabetes, but with obesity or overweight and ≥1 comorbidity received (LOR BID), (LOR BID+PHEN QD), or (LOR BID+PHEN BID) for 12 weeks, in a randomized double-blind study. The Food Craving Inventory (FCI) and the Control of Eating Questionnaire (COEQ) were administered over 12 weeks.ResultsThe FCI total score and the subscale scores reduced from baseline in all groups. The least squares means (95% confidence intervals) for the total scores were −0.65 (−0.75, −0.55), −0.75 (−0.84, −0.65), and −0.84 (−0.95, −0.74) in the LOR BID, LOR BID+PHEN QD, and LOR BID+PHEN BID groups, respectively. Cravings assessed by COEQ reduced from baseline in all groups. In general, the combination treatments were more effective than lorcaserin alone. At week 12, except for fruit juice and dairy products, general and specific cravings reduced in LOR BID+PHEN BID compared to LOR BID (p<0.05).ConclusionsLorcaserin in combination with phentermine improves control of food cravings during short-term energy restriction.

Early improvement in food cravings are associated with long-term weight loss success in a large clinical sample

Background:Food cravings are associated with dysregulated eating behaviour and obesity, and may impede successful weight loss attempts. Gaining control over food craving is therefore a component in the management of obesity. The current paper examined whether early changes in control over food craving (assessed using the Craving Control subscale on the Control of Eating Questionnaire (CoEQ)) was predictive of weight loss in four phase 3 clinical trials investigating a sustained-release combination of naltrexone/bupropion (NB) in obese adults. The underlying component structure of the CoEQ was also examined.Method:In an integrated analysis of four 56-week phase 3 clinical trials, subjects completed the CoEQ and had their body weight measured at baseline and at weeks 8, 16, 28 and 56. All analyses were conducted on subjects who had complete weight and CoEQ measurements at baseline and week 56, and had completed 56 weeks of NB (n=1310) or placebo (n=736). A latent growth curve model was used to examine whether early changes in the CoEQ subscales were associated with decreases in weight loss over time. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to determine the psychometric properties of the CoEQ.Results:The factor structure of the CoEQ was consistent with previous findings with a four-factor solution being confirmed: Craving Control, Positive Mood, Craving for Sweet and Craving for Savoury with good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.72–0.92). Subjects with the greatest improvement in Craving Control at week 8 exhibited a greater weight loss at week 56.Conclusions:These findings highlight the importance of the experience of food cravings in the treatment of obesity and support the use of the CoEQ as a psychometric tool for the measurement of food cravings in research and the pharmacological management of obesity.

Semaglutide Reduces Appetite and Energy Intake, Improves Control of Eating and Provides Weight Loss in Subjects with Obesity

Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) therapy has thepotential to decrease body weight. Semaglutide is a human GLP-1analogue.Methods: This 12 week double-blind, crossover study examinedthe mechanisms of weight loss with once-weekly subcutaneoussemaglutide (dose-escalated to 1.0mg) vs placebo in 30 subjectswith obesity and without Type 2 diabetes (mean body weight101.3kg). Primary endpoint: ad libitum energy intake during lunch(5h after standardised breakfast) after 12 weeks’ treatment.Results: Ad libitum energy intake at lunch and subsequent meals(evening meal, snacks) was lower with semaglutide vs placebo, aswas resting metabolic rate, but to a lesser extent. Fasting overallappetite score (visual analogue scale) indicated reduced appetitewith semaglutide vs placebo (p = 0.0023), while nausea ratings were similar. For semaglutide vs placebo, the Control Of EatingQuestionnaire indicated less hunger and food cravings and bettercontrol of eating; the Leeds Food Preference Task indicated arelatively lower preference for high-fat vs low-fat foods. Semaglu-tide treatment led to a mean  SD weight loss of 5.0  2.4kg vsan increase of 1.0  2.4kg with placebo, and proportionally morefat than lean body mass was lost.Summary: Semaglutide-induced weight loss was confirmed. Pos-sible mechanisms are: reduced energy intake, appetite and foodcravings; better control of eating; and lower relative preference forfatty, energy-dense foods.

Preliminary validation and principal components analysis of the Control of Eating Questionnaire (CoEQ) for the experience of food craving.

The Control of Eating Questionnaire (CoEQ) comprises 21-items that are designed to assess the severity and type of food cravings an individual experiences over the previous 7 days. The CoEQ has been used in clinical trials as a multi-dimensional measure of appetite, craving and mood regulation however its underlying component structure has yet to be determined. The current paper has two aims; (1) to examine the psychometric properties, and internal consistency of the CoEQ; and (2) to provide a preliminary examination of the underlying components by exploring their construct and predictive validity. Data were pooled from four studies in which a total 215 adults (80% women; Age=29.7 ± 10.3; BMI=26.5 ± 5.2) had completed the CoEQ alongside measures of psychometric eating behaviour traits, ad libitum food intake, and body composition. A principal components analysis (PCA) and parallel analysis was conducted to examine the underlying structure of the questionnaire. The resulting subscales were tested for internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.66-0.88). PCA revealed four components that explained 54.5% of the variance. The components were identified as: Craving Control, Positive Mood, Craving for Sweet, and Craving for Savoury. Associations between the underlying CoEQ subscales and measures of body composition and eating behaviour traits confirmed construct validity of the subscales. The associations between the subscales and snack food selection and intake of palatable snack foods supported the CoEQ's predictive validity. The CoEQ has good psychometric properties with a clear component structure and acceptable internal consistency. This preliminary validation supports the CoEQ as a measure of the experience of food cravings.