Control Of Complex Weed Flora Research Articles

Chemical control of complex weed flora for achieving higher productivity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Chemical control of complex weed flora for achieving higher productivity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Studies on the Effect of Chemical Weed Management on Growth Indices, Yield and Quality of Irrigated Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Chickpea, characterized by its short stature and slow initial growth, is highly susceptible to a wide range of weed species. The field experiment was designed during the Rabi season of 2021-22 at Agronomy Research Farm, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to evaluate the chemical weed management in irrigated chickpea. The experiment was laid out in a Randomised Block Design (RBD) with thirteen treatments replicated thrice. The treatments combinations areT1 (Pendimethalin 30EC @ 1000g a.i ha-1 as PPI), T2 (Imazethapyr 10EC @ 75g a.i ha-1 as PPI), T3 (Imazethapyr 10EC @ 100g a.i ha-1 as PPI), T4 (Pendimethalin 30EC + imazethapyr 2EC (RM) @ 1000g a.i ha-1 as PPI), T5 (Pendimethalin 30EC @ 1000g a.i ha-1 as PRE), T6 (Imazethapyr 10EC @ 75g a.i ha-1 as PRE), T7 (Imazethapyr 10EC @ 100g a.i ha-1 as PRE), T8 (Pendimethalin 30EC + Imazethapyr 2EC (RM) @ 1000g a.i ha-1 as PRE), T9 (Imazethapyr 10EC @ 75g a.i ha-1 as POE), T10 (Imazethapyr 10EC @ 100g a.i ha-1 as POE), T11 (Two hand hoeing at 30 & 50 DAS), T12 (weed free) and T13 (weedy check). The results of this study showed that PPI and PRE application of any herbicide did not cause any phytotoxic effect on chickpea. The Ready mix (RM) herbicide applied as PPI and PRE performed better than sole PPI, PRE, and POE herbicides. Among herbicidal treatments, PPI and PRE application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) @ 1000 g a.i ha-1 gave excellent control of complex weed flora and increased the yield of chickpea significantly over the weedy check. Different weed control treatments could not bring significant variation in plant population in the initial stage but the plant population declined at maturity. The maximum plant growth attributes were observed with the application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) @ 1000 g a.i ha-1 as PRE. The POE application of imazethapyr irrespective of the dose recorded the lowest dry matter accumulation throughout the growing season of chickpea. The unchecked growth of weeds in the weedy check caused a 55.2% reduction in seed yield as compared to weed-free treatment. The maximum seed yield (1968 kg ha-1) and yield attributes of chickpea were recorded with weed-free treatment and among herbicidal treatments, maximum seed yield (1827 kg ha-1) was recorded with application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) @ 1000 g ha-1 PRE.

Effect of Pre and Post-emergence Herbicides on Weed Flora of Maize

Weeds have been a problem creator in crops since time immemorial competing with them for all the growth resources. Weeds cause around 28-100% loss in the maize crop which necessitates their control. The usage of herbicides for the control of weeds has been the most prominent method among farmers. However, the continuous usage of similar herbicides can develop herbicide resistance which needs the exploration to newer herbicides. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to assess the effect of broad-spectrum herbicide, mesotrione on the weed flora and seed yield of maize at JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) in the kharif season of 2019. The experiment was carried out in randomised block design consisting of eight treatments of weed control including six herbicidal treatments with hand weeding and weedy check and replicated thrice. Based on the results, it was concluded that the post emergence application of mesotrione 350 g ha-1 at 30 DAS had most effectively controlled the weeds resulting in highest weed control efficiency (69.25%) and lowest weed index (12.62%) than the rest of the treatments. It also resulted in highest grain and stover yield (2.44 and 21.80 t ha-1) in maize. Thus, the application of mesotrione @ 350 g ha-1 can be a promising technology for the control of complex weed flora in maize.

Pendimethalin plus pyrazosulfuron for pre-emergence control of complex weed flora in dry-seeded rice

Pendimethalin plus pyrazosulfuron for pre-emergence control of complex weed flora in dry-seeded rice

Bio-efficacy of pre and post-emergence herbicides for control of complex weed flora in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.)

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive rainy seasons of 2017 and 2018 at Banka (Bihar) to evaluate the bio-efficacy of pre and post-emergence herbicides for control of complex weed flora in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experimental field was infested with Echinochloa colona, Echinochloa crusgalli, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Cynodon dactylon, Panicum repens, Ammania baccifera, Eclipta alba, Caesulia axillaris, Commelina benghalensis, Euphorbia hirta, Ludwigia parviflora, Cyperus iria, Cyperus difformis and Fimbristylis miliaceae. Density of grasses, broad-leaved weeds, sedges and total weeds at 60 DAT was recorded lower with pretilachlor 750 g/ha fb 1 hand weeding at 25 DAT and which was statistically comparable with butachlor 1500 g/ha fb1 hand weeding at 25 DAT among weed management treatments excluding hands weeding twice at 20 & 40 DAT and weed free during both the years of experiment. Biomass of grasses, broad-leaved weeds, sedges and total weeds was registered less in pretilachlor 750 g/ha fb 1 hand weeding at 25 DAT and which was significantly superior to all weed management treatments excluding hands weeding twice at 20 & 40 DAT and weed free during both the years of experiment. More panicle weight, panicle length, grains/panicle, grain and straw yield was observed with application of pretilachlor 750 g/ha fb1 hand weeding at 25 DAT.

Control of complex weed flora in direct seeded rice using bispyribac-sodium in combination with other herbicides

Control of complex weed flora in direct seeded rice using bispyribac-sodium in combination with other herbicides

Herbicidal weed management in dual purpose tall wheat (Triticum aestivum)

The field efficacy of pre- and post-emergence herbicide combinations for control of complex weed flora in dual purpose tall wheat was evaluated in a field study conducted at Research farm of CCS HAU Hisar (Haryana) during rabi of 2015-16 and 2016-17. Phalaris minor Retz., Rumex dentatus L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Medicago denticulata Willd., Cirsium arvense (L). Scape, Cyperus rotundus L. etc. were major weeds in experimental area. Application of herbicides in both growing seasons reduced weed density and increased wheat grain yield as compared with weedy. After cutting of wheat for fodder, total weed density was reduced under application of pendimethalin 1500 g/ha PRE fb pinoxaden + metsulfuron (50+4) 2 WAC (week after cutting at 55 DAS), pendimethalin 1500 g/ha PRE fb sulfosulfuron+ metsulfuron (30+2) 2 WAC and pendimethalin 1500 g/ha PRE fb clodinafop + metsulfuron (60+4) 2 WAC as compared to alone application of post emergence herbicides. During 86-115 DAS period, more crop growth rate was observed under sequential application of herbicides as compared to post-emergence herbicides. Among herbicidal treatments, significantly higher leaf area index, crop dry weight, grain yield and B:C ratio was reported under sequential application of herbicides which were significantly higher than weedy and alone pre- and post-emergence application of herbicides during both the years of study.

Penoxsulam + butachlor: A new ready-mix herbicide for control of complex weed flora in transplanted rice

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of penoxsulam 0.97%w/w (1.0%w/v) + butachlor 38.8% w/w (40% w/v) 41% SE applied as pre- emergence(0–7DAT) spray in standing water against complex weed flora in transplanted rice at CCS HAU Regional Research Station, Karnal during rainy (Kharif) seasons of 2015 and 2016. The crop was infested mainly with Echinochloa crus-galli (−15%), Ammannia baccifera (∼70%), and Cyperus difformis, Cyperus rotundus and other sedges (−15 %). Penoxsulam + butachlor 41% SE at 820 g/ha being as good as weed free check provided almost complete control (98.1–98.5% WCE) of complex weed flora during both the years, and it was better than penoxsulam 22.5 g/ha (87–88%), butachlor 1500 g/ha (90%) and pretilachlor 1000 g/ha (91%). Penoxsulam + butachlor 820 g/ha resulted into the highest number of effective tillers and grain yield (5.43 t/ha in 2015 and 6.06 t/ha in 2016). It was superior to its lower doses (615 and 718 g/ha) and penoxsulam 22.5 g/ha during both the years, and butachlor 1500 g/ha during 2016. There was no crop phyto-toxicity of penoxsulam + butachlor 41% SE at 820 g/ha (X) and 1640 g/ha (2X). Weeds allowed to grow throughout the crop season reduced the grain yield to the extent of 27.3 and 32.9% during 2015 and 2016, respectively.

Sequential application of pre-and post-emergence herbicides for control of complex weed flora in dry direct-seeded rice under Cauvery command area of Karnataka

Sequential application of pre-and post-emergence herbicides for control of complex weed flora in dry direct-seeded rice under Cauvery command area of Karnataka

Integrated Weed Management in Aerobic Rice

Field experiment was conducted at the Wetlands Farm of Department of Farm Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University to find an effective integrated weed management strategy for the control of complex weed flora of aerobic rice. Pre emergence (PE) application of pendimethalin (1.0 kg ha-1) on 3 DAS + Early post emergence (EPOE) application of bispyribac sodium (25 g ha-1) on 20 DAS significantly lowered weed density and dry weight. This sequential application of pendimethalin and bispyribac sodium recorded 61.11 per cent increased yield over weedy check. The net return was higher in PE application of pendimethalin (1.0 kg ha-1) on 3 DAS + EPOE application of bispyribac sodium (25 g ha-1) on 20 DAS (`35,973 ha-1). Mean while growing intercrops as living mulch showed promising results for using it as a component of integrated weed management practice.

English

English

Penoxsulam + cyhalofop-butyl (premix) evaluation for control of complex weed flora in transplanted rice and its residual effects in rice-wheat cropping system

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of penoxsulam 1.02% w/w (1.0% w/v) + cyhalofop-butyl 5.1% w/w (5.0% w/v) as post-emergence (PoE) in transplanted rice at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal during kharif 2010 to 2011, along with its phytotoxicity on rice crop (Kharif 2010 to 2012), residual phyto-toxicity on wheat crop (Rabi 2010–11 to 2012–13), its residual studies in soil, straw and rice grains in lab (2017) and also multi-locational adaptive trials on rice during Kharif 2017. Penoxsulam + cyhalofop 135 g/ha reduced the density and dry weight of Echinochloa crusgalli and other aerobic grassy weeds (0.0–3.3/m2 and 0.0–26.3 g/m2) and broad-leaf weeds (30.7–36.7/m2 and 0.0–4.7 g/m2) over its lower doses (105 and 120 g/ha) and was at par with its higher dose (150 g/ha), and it provided almost complete control of sedges during both the years. There was no significant effect of herbicidal treatments on the plant height and panicle length of the crop during both the years. Penoxsulam + cyhalofop 135 g/ha resulted in significantly higher number of effective tillers/mrl (49.0 in 2010 and 53.3 in 2011) than cyhalofop 80 g/ha (33.8.0 in 2010 and 49.8 in 2011) and weedy check (27.0 in 2010 and 32.5 in 2011), and penoxsulam + cyhalofop 105 g/ha during 2011 (46.5 in 2010 and 51.5 in 2011). The grain yield in plots treated with penoxsulam + cyhalofop 135 g/ha (5.46 t/ha in 2010 and 5.53 t/ha in 2011) was higher than its lower doses (105 and 120 g/ha) and at par with higher dose (150 g/ha) during both the years. Penoxsulam + cyhalofop 135 g/ha provided grain yields similar to penoxsulam 22.5 g/ha, pretilachlor 750 g/ha, butachlor 1500 g/ha and weed free check; and higher than cyhalofop 80 g/ha, bispyribac-sodium 20 g/ha and weedy check during both the years. Weeds growing throughout the crop season caused 68.8% and 45.8% reduction in the grain yield during 2010 and 2011, respectively. Penoxsulam + cyhalofop 135 g/ha provided net returns (‘ 24945–29325/ha) and B-C ratio (1.80–1.91) almost similar/higher to recommended PoE application of penoxsulam 22.5 g/ha (‘ 23756–29368/ha; 1.79–1.95). There was no phyto-toxicity of penoxsulam + cyhalofop even up to 600 g/ha on transplanted rice as well as succeeding wheat crop. Residues of penoxsulam + cyhalofop applied at 135 and 270 g/ha were below detectable level in soil, straw and grains of rice at harvest during 2010–11 to 2012–13. Penoxsulam + cyhalofop 135 g/ha applied at 15–20 DAT in rice (scented as well as coarse rice varieties) at 12 locations provided 92–97% control of weeds and average grain yield of 4.13 t/ha as compared to 3.83 t/ha in check herbicide bispyribac-sodium 25 g/ha. Penoxsulam + cyhalofop 135 g/ha resulted in average total monetary gain of ‘ 9665/ha and a net returns of ‘ 8465/ha.

Tembotrione for post-emergence control of complex weed flora in maize

Bio-efficacy of tembotrione 42% SC w/v (34.4% SC w/w), a new herbicide for post-emergence control of mixed weed flora in maize was evaluated during rainy seasons 2009 to 2015 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal and also through multi-location adaptive/farmer-participatory trials. Post-emergence application of tembotrione 120 g/ha along with surfactant (1000 ml/ha) at 2–4 leaf stage was found most effective against grassy and non-grassy weeds as compared to other herbicidal treatments either applied as pre-or post-emergence (including its lower doses, atrazine and 2,4-D) resulting into the highest productivity (3.77–4.44 t/ha) and profitability (B-C ratio 1.75–1.98) of maize in on-station experiment during 2009–2010. On an average, grain yield of maize under tembotrione 120 g/ha along with surfactant (4.04–5.00 t/ha) was also better than the atrazine 500–750 g/ha (3.59–4.43 t/ha) and untreated check (2.86–3.33 t/ha) at multi-location trials during 2013–2015. There was no residual toxicity of tembotrione on succeeding wheat. Residues of tembotrione at 120 g/ha + S 1000 ml/ha and 240 g/ha + S 1000 ml/ha in raw cobs, grains and straw of maize and soil were also below detectable level during 2015.

Impact of crop intensification and establishment techniques on weed dynamics under different cropping systems

The field experiments were conducted during 2015–16 and 2016–17 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Center, Pantnagar GB Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand) India, to study the crop intensification and establishment techniques influence on weed dynamics under irrigated rice-wheat system. In Kharif season, density of total weeds as well as grasses, broad-leaved weeds and sedges was observed lowest in rice-wheat cropping system. Transplanted rice-vegatable pea-groundnut cropping sequence proved superior over those cropping systems where upland direct-seeded rice was included as one of the crop with respect to control of Kharif season weeds. In Rabi season, maize (B) (cob + fodder) + cowpea (B) + Sesbania (F)-2:1:2-vegetable pea (B) + toria (F)-3:1-groundnut (B) + mentha (F)-3:1(BBF 105 x 30 cm)] proved to be the most prominent cropping system for controlling broad-leaved weeds and sedges. All the cropping systems proved superior for the control of grassy weeds (Phalaris minor and Avena fatua) in which there was inclusion of either legumes or oilseed crops in place of wheat. During summer season, soybean (B) + rice (DSR) (F)-2:1-wheat (B) + mentha (F) (3:1)-continue (NBS 60 x 30 cm) cropping system was found better for the control of complex weed flora

Integrated weed management for control of complex weed flora in directseeded upland rice under Southern transition zone of Karnataka

A field experiment was conducted during summer 2014 and 2015 at Agriculture and Horticultural Research Station, Kathalagere Davanagere district (Zone-7, Southern Transition Zone, Karnataka), to study the effect of various weed management practices on weed density, weed dry weight, yield and economics of direct seeded rice. The experiment consists of ten treatments replicated thrice in a randomized complete block design. Among the various treatments, three hand weeding (20,40 and 60 DAS) recorded significantly higher rice grain (4.04 t/ha and 3.64 t/ha) and straw (6.3 t/ha and 6.52 t/ha) yields in 2014 and 2015, respectively and it was found at par with pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha at 2 DAS fb bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha fb manual weeding (3.87 t/ha, 6.0 t/ha in 2014 and 3.5 t/ha and 6.4 t/ha in 2015, respectively). Higher net returns and benefit: cost ratio of ‘ 28965 and 2.0 and ‘ 41402 and 2.4 in 2014 and 2015, respectively were obtained with pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha fb bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha as postemergence with manual weeding.

Weed dynamics of direct seeded basmati rice (Oryza sativa) influenced by different herbicides and their tank-mix applications

A farm trial was conducted during the kharif season of 2013 at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal, India to evaluate the efficiency of tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium with pyrazosulfuron, azimsulfuron or ethoxysulfuron after pendimethalin for control of complex weed flora on direct seeded basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) with twenty treatments laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Among herbicidal treatments application of Pendimethalin 1000 g/ha (PRE) fb tank-mix combination of bispyribac-sodium 25 g/ha with pyrazosulfuron 25 g/ha or azimsulfuron 20 g/ha or ethoxysulfuron 18.0-37.5 g/ha (WCE at 40 DAS: 95.0-96.6%) were realized to be the best herbicidal combinations for control of complex weed flora in direct seeded rice, with significant improvement in total number of tillers at 40 DAS; (53.0-55.7 No./meter row length (m.r.l.), grain yield (4.01-4.10 t/ha), net returns (rupees 108856-113485/ha) and B-C ratio (2.45-2.53) as compared to weedy check (30.6 No/m.r.l., 1.52 t/ha, rupees 1590/ ha and 1.02, respectively).

Effect of propanil on control of complex weed flora in direct- seeded rice

Effect of propanil on control of complex weed flora in direct- seeded rice

Efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides for control of complex weed flora in transplanted rice

A field experiment was conducted at Chiplima, Sambalpur, Odisha during the rainy season of 2014 and 2015 to study the effect of sand-mix application of pre-emergence herbicides on weed population yield and economics of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Application of chlorimuron + metsulfuron 4 g/ha, bensulfuron 60 g/ha and pyrazosulfuron 16 g/ha alone was selectively effictive on broad-leaf weeds while pretilachlor 500 g/ha was effective on grasses. Pre-emergence application of pyrazosulfuron with pretilachlor (16 + 500 g/ha) was more effective in minimizing the density (10/m2), biomass (4.8 g/m2) of weeds and enhancing the weed control efficiency (89.3%), grain yield (6.14 t/ha), net returns (` 53.2 x 103/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.37) than pretilachlor alone.

Herbicides combinations for control of complex weed flora in transplanted rice in Lateritic belt of West Bengal

The field trial was laid out in RBD with 12 treatments and replicated thrice in agricultural farm of Visva-Bharati during Kharif, 2014. The herbicidal treatments were bispyribac and penxsulam alone; tank of bispyribac with ethoxysulfuron and (chlorimuron + metsulfuron); pretilachlor fb ethoxysulfuron and (chlorimuron + metsulfuron) pyrazosulfuron fb (chlorimuron + metsulfuron) ready mix of penoxsulam + cyhalofop, ready mix of triafamone + ethoxysulfuron and pendimethalin fb bispyribac. Two hand weeding and weedy check also included with an idea to find out the best herbicides/herbicide mixtures for weed control in transplanted rice. Early post-emergence application of penoxsulam + cyhalofop as ready-mix was found most effective in controlling total weed population recorded the highest number of effective tillers/m2, number of grains/panicle and grain yield of transplanted rice.

Herbicide combinations for control of complex weed flora in wheat

A field experiment was conducted in 2014 and 2015 to find out the effect of herbicides on weed dynamics and productivity of wheat under Jharkhand situation. Two hand weeding performed in wheat crop at 30 and 60 DAS recorded significantly reduced weed density and weed dry matter of broad-leaf, grassy, sedges and total weeds at 30 and 60 DAS with WCE of 94.3 and 94.2%, respectively and was similar to post-emergence application of clodinafop 0.06 kg/ha and pre-emergence application of pendimethalin + metribuzin 1.0 kg/ha + 0.175 kg/ha. This resulted in maximum total and effective tillers, grain (3.08 t/ha) and straw (5.37 t/ha) yield and net return (‘ 32,019.00 and B:C ratio (1.33) compared to other herbicides application.