Control Layer Research Articles

A Comparative Study on Software-Defined Network with Traditional Networks

The emergence of a technological age, in which nearly everything is linked and accessible from anywhere, is largely due to the Internet. Hence, traditional Networks continue to be difficult and complex to operate despite their widespread deployment. As a consequence, it is challenging to set up the networks in accordance with the established protocols and respond to variations in load and defects by reconfiguring the structure. The data and control layers are packaged together in the contemporary systems, further complicating problems by vertically integrating them. Because of their limited resources and unsecured transmission channel, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are particularly vulnerable to persistent security attacks. Many hundreds of self-organized and resource-constrained sensor nodes make up the WSN. It is possible to build an ad-hoc network of sensors without a specified architecture or centralised control because these sensor nodes are often organised in a scattered form. The underlying problem is to strengthen the privacy enforcement in these systems because WSNs will have power over real-time applications, where unauthorized conduct might lead to significant harm. In order to address this issue, the software-defined network (SDN) technology was developed. With the creation of SD, network operators now have more legitimacy and influence over the networks. Based on a global perspective and centralised management of the network topology, SDN has increased the rigour of its enhancing security. This study describes the software-defined network, outlining its fundamental ideas, how it differs from conventional networking, and its architectural tenets. Also, it highlighted the key benefits of SDN while emphasizing availability, maliciousness, packet delivery and duplication ratio, and efficiency.

Reinforcement learning-based event-triggered secondary control of DC microgrids

In this paper, a reinforcement learning (RL)-based event-triggered mechanism (ETM) for employing in the secondary control layer (SCL) of DC microgrids is developed. The proposed RL-based ETM satisfies the SCL objectives, which is overcoming the disadvantages of primary control (such as voltage deviation and inappropriate current sharing among the distributed generating units). More importantly, it also aids in reducing the amount of transmitted data exchanged within all the distributed generators (DGs). The design parameters of the ETM scheme are regulated through a robust RL approach to provide adaptive ETM parameter tuning, enabling the ETM error vector threshold to quickly adapt to changes in the MG. The suggested RL-based ETM approach is implemented in a DC microgrid, and utilizing hardware in the loop (HIL) real-time OPAL-RT experimental tests, its performance in the SCL of DC microgrids is investigated. Experimental validations have confirmed the merits of the proposed approach.

Research of obstacle vehicles avoidance for automated heavy vehicle platoon by switching the formation

AbstractWith the development of automated vehicles, researches related to automated vehicle platoon (AVP) have received more and more attention. AVP is considered one of the effective means to alleviate traffic congestion and reduce vehicle energy consumption. This paper studies a three‐layer method of avoiding obstacle vehicles in traffic by switching the formation for the automated heavy vehicle platoon. In the decision‐making layer, a decision‐making system based on the finite‐state machine is established for formation switching. In the second layer, the lane‐changing trajectory is optimized based on the quantic polynomial curve fitting for vehicles that need to change lanes. In terms of vehicle control layer, each vehicle has a longitudinal controller based on sliding mode control and a lateral controller based on model predictive control to track the planned trajectory to complete the target formation. Finally, the proposed method is simulated in MATLAB/TruckSim. The simulation results show that the proposed method could effectively avoid the obstacle vehicles by switching the formation and has a small average value of errors in speed tracking and trajectory tracking.

Effects of Ti doping on the magnetic and microstructure properties of the lower magnetic anisotropy CoCrPtRu-oxides layer in a perpendicular recording media

Areal density capacity is constrained by linear and track density, and the recent advancements in magnetic layer structures have led to the development of segmented media. This configuration incorporates a graded magnetic anisotropy layer introduced through a non-magnetic exchange control layer. Optimizing this structural design yielded improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and an elevation in areal density capacity. To comprehensively investigate the magnetic properties and microstructure of the lower magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant (Ku) CoCrPtRu-oxides magnetic capping layer individually, we deposited the (0002) textured magnetic capping layer CoCrPtRu-oxides on (0002) Ru/NiW/NiTa underlayers. Additionally, metallic Ti was introduced into CoCrPtRu targets, replacing half of Ru, resulting in the deposition of the (0002) textured CoCrPtRuTi-oxides film was also deposited and compared to CoCrPtRu-oxides film. A comparative analysis was conducted between the CoCrPtRu-oxides and CoCrPtRuTi-oxides films. Microstructural image mapping and chemical composition analysis revealed that the introduced Ti in core grains diffused to the grain boundaries, enhancing grain separation. This diffusion was facilitated by the more negative formation energy of TiO2 (-3.512 eV/atom) compared with other oxides in the film. Consequently, the CoCrPtRuTi-oxides film exhibited slightly larger grain boundary areas (52%) and smaller grain sizes. Moreover, perpendicular coercivity (243.50 kA/m) and anisotropy were higher. This insight suggests a potential strategy for improving segregation by doping metallic elements, such as Ti, into the core grains, emphasizing the importance of not merely increasing the oxide content (e.g., TiO2).

Analysis of a Novel Fluidic Oscillator under Several Dimensional Modifications

To activate the boundary layer in Active Flow Control (AFC) applications, the use of pulsating flow has notable energy advantages over constant blowing/suction jet injections. For a given AFC application, five parameters, jet location and width, inclination angle, frequency of injection, and the momentum coefficient, need to be tuned. Presently, two main devices are capable of injecting pulsating flow with a momentum coefficient sufficient to delay the boundary layer separation: these are zero-net-mass-flow Actuators (ZNMFAs) and fluidic oscillators (FOs). In the present study, a novel FO configuration is analyzed for the first time at relatively high Reynolds numbers, and fluid is considered to be incompressible. After obtaining the typical linear correlation between the incoming Reynolds number and the outlet flow oscillating frequency, the effects of dimensional modifications on outlet width and mixing chamber wedge inclination angle are addressed. Modifications of the outlet width were observed to create large variations in FO performance. The origin of self-sustained oscillations is also analyzed in the present manuscript and greatly helps in clarifying the forces acting on the jet inside the mixing chamber. In fact, we can conclude by saying that the current FO configuration is pressure-driven, although the mass flow forces appear to be much more relevant than in previously studied FO configurations.

General-purpose programmable photonic processor for advanced radiofrequency applications

A general-purpose photonic processor can be built integrating a silicon photonic programmable core in a technology stack comprising an electronic monitoring and controlling layer and a software layer for resource control and programming. This processor can leverage the unique properties of photonics in terms of ultra-high bandwidth, high-speed operation, and low power consumption while operating in a complementary and synergistic way with electronic processors. These features are key in applications such as next-generation 5/6 G wireless systems where reconfigurable filtering, frequency conversion, arbitrary waveform generation, and beamforming are currently provided by microwave photonic subsystems that cannot be scaled down. Here we report the first general-purpose programmable processor with the remarkable capability to implement all the required basic functionalities of a microwave photonic system by suitable programming of its resources. The processor is fabricated in silicon photonics and incorporates the full photonic/electronic and software stack.

Patriarchy, Religion and Women’s Subjugation in Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus

This paper explores the intricate portrayal and symbolic nuances of patriarchy and religion as fervent sources of intolerance within Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus (2003). The study transcends the binary view of these forces, scrutinizing their dynamic interplay and discerning their nuanced expressions within the depicted characters and broader societal constructs. The examination traverses beyond the surface-level manifestations, rummaging into the intricate fabric of power dynamics, gender roles and cultural norms to unravel their profound impact on individual conduct and the structural foundations of society. Drawing on theoretical frameworks, this study invokes John Locke's Two Treatises of Government and A Letter Concerning Toleration (2003) and Michel Foucault's Discipline and Punish (1995) to dissect patriarchy and religious practices as intricate manifestations of intolerance. By situating the analysis within these theoretical underpinnings, the study unveils the multifaceted layers of control, discipline and ideological enforcement inherent in these forces. The culmination of this exploration propels beyond a mere diagnosis of the issues at hand. It advocates for a transformative shift, contending that the perpetuation of patriarchy and religious fanaticism must be dismantled for the collective well-being of families and society at large. This call for cessation transcends mere condemnation, urging a profound reevaluation of ingrained societal structures and norms. Beyond its contribution to literary discourse, this study seeks to offer a deeper comprehension of the pervasive influence of intolerance, shedding light on its contemporary relevance. By pushing the boundaries of traditional analyses, this paper aspires to be a catalyst for transformative discussions on the dismantling of oppressive forces, paving the way for a more enlightened and inclusive future.

Establishing Pinhole Deposition Mode of Zn via Scalable Monolayer Graphene Film.

The uneven texture evolution of Zn during electrodeposition would adversely impact upon the lifespan of aqueous Zn metal batteries. To address this issue, tremendous endeavors are made to induce Zn(002) orientational deposition employing graphene and its derivatives. Nevertheless, the effect of prototype graphene film over Zn deposition behavior has garnered less attention. Here, it is attempted to solve such a puzzle via utilizing transferred high-quality graphene film with controllable layer numbers in a scalable manner on a Zn foil. The multilayer graphene fails to facilitate a Zn epitaxial deposition, whereas the monolayer film with slight breakages steers a unique pinhole deposition mode. In-depth electrochemical measurements and theoretical simulations discover that the transferred graphene film not only acts as an armor to inhibit side reactions but also serves as a buffer layer to homogenize initial Zn nucleation and decrease Zn migration barrier, accordingly enabling a smooth deposition layer with closely stacked polycrystalline domains. As a result, both assembled symmetric and full cells manage to deliver satisfactory electrochemical performances. This study proposes a concept of "pinhole deposition" to dictate Zn electrodeposition and broadens the horizons of graphene-modified Zn anodes.

Director for hire? Negotiating creativity and work in the Irish television sector

The television industry has deep-rooted neoliberal employment structures, and this article explores how the non-fiction television director negotiates this contingent working environment. Research has established that creative workers adapt themselves to the demands of a post-Fordist ‘gig economy’, characterised by casual, non-permanent work, with little security or accountability. However, relatively little is known about how non-fiction television directors respond to that context, especially in the Irish case. In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 12 freelance television directors. Key findings note the layers of control wielded by broadcasters over the working life of the director. Identifying the negative effect of broadcasters’ dominance in the sector, they revealed a three-line whip of control through budget, creative direction, and a risk-averse approach to programming, which effectively constrained the directors and reduced their autonomy. The directors described how broadcasters’ control over budgets means that the sector is run at their command, a situation that is further aggravated by Ireland’s lack of trade union representation, stagnant pay rates and the absence of intellectual property rights accruing to directors’ work. Respondents proposed that their status was reduced from creative auteur to operational functionaries, reporting the negative impact of the industry work culture and practices on their self-esteem, because their creativity and work were undervalued. This article breaks new ground to explore directors’ responses to the conditions of the gig economy and link the alienation of labour to the loss of creativity in content. There was an acceptance by non-fiction directors of the status quo, which was seen as the ‘price’ of a non-routine life, with the freedom to indulge the passion and the pleasure inherent to making television. Moreover, respondents also revealed how they maintained their creative identity despite their circumstances, through the pursuit of their own work and through the support of peers. Crucially, respondents argued for a repositioning of the television director to reflect their status and role in the origination and creation of novel content, and proposed such recognition might better serve the television viewer.

Quadrotor control in complex manoeuvres using a hybrid backstepping and feedback linearisation control strategy

In this article, a novel control algorithm called the combined backstepping and feedback linearisation method, along with an uncertainty estimator, is presented for quadrotors. The objective is to develop a robust control algorithm capable of handling various flight conditions, compensating for uncertainties and disturbances, and effectively controlling high-speed manoeuvres. To accomplish this, the quadrotor dynamics model is first derived using the Newton–Euler method. Subsequently, a backstepping control algorithm is designed for the quadrotor's internal control layer, followed by the application of the feedback linearisation method to the external control layer. An estimator is also designed to mitigate the effects of disturbances and uncertainties. A comparison is made between the proposed combined backstepping and feedback linearisation algorithm and the backstepping method, revealing that the combined backstepping and feedback linearisation algorithm outperforms the backstepping method across different aspects. Notably, the combined backstepping and feedback linearisation algorithm achieves faster trajectory tracking and demonstrates fewer steady-state errors. Additionally, the integration of the uncertainty estimator into the combined backstepping and feedback linearisation algorithm effectively mitigates the detrimental effects of disturbances and uncertainties. Comparative results for tracking control are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm across various scenarios and case studies.

Efficient Preparation of Biomass‐Based Ultra‐Thin 2D Porous Carbon Materials by In Situ Template‐Activation And Its Application in Sodium Ion Capacitors

Abstract2D porous carbon materials have demonstrated immense potential in electrochemical energy storage, whereas the challenge of achieving their efficient preparation remains substantial. Herein, 2D carbon materials with high specific surface area (SSA), well‐developed porous structures, and controllable carbon layer thickness are successfully prepared by direct co‐pyrolysis of agroforestry biomass with potassium oxalate. It is found that the potassium oxalate acts as reactant and its decomposition product potassium carbonate acts as in situ template and activator. The potassium carbonate in the core activates the outer carbon structure to form nanopores, and regulates the thickness and the graphitization degree of the carbon material. Moreover, the N‐doping strategy seriously affects the structure of the materials. CSAN‐800 prepared with 0.2 vol.% NH3 addition can achieve N doping and SSA improvement (1802 m2 g−1) without damaging the ultra‐thin 2D structure. As a cathode material of sodium ion capacitors, CSAN‐800 exhibits excellent electrochemical with particularly a high‐capacity retention (90.3%) achieved (0.1 A g−1–2 A g−1). The 2D porous structure, high SSA, and rich pyridine‐N content significantly enhance the ion transport, storage, and optimize the charge carrier's adsorption and desorption. This study provides a low‐cost and eco‐friendly preparation strategy for ultra‐thin 2D porous carbon materials.

System architecture for small‐scale personalized production lines based on industrial Internet

AbstractThe rapid development of industrial Internet has resulted in significant changes in industrial manufacturing system architecture. In this study, a system architecture suitable for small‐scale personalized production lines is proposed. The core of this architecture is a three‐layer structure comprising the Internet layer, data layer, and field control layer. The system facilitates the transmission of user‐specific product demands from the Internet to the production line, where the production equipment achieves personalized production through motion control. This system architecture for production lines integrates industrial Internet and smart manufacturing technologies, reducing the complexity of the enterprise system architecture and enhancing the flexibility of the system compared to large‐scale personalized production systems. The effectiveness of this system architecture was validated using a flexible yogurt filling production line and lays a foundation for the transformation of industrial manufacturing from the tradition system to a personalized production.

Formation of a Controllable Diffusion Barrier Layer on the Surface of Polydimethylsiloxane Films by Infrared Laser Irradiation.

Developing a diffusion barrier layer on material interfaces has potential applications in various fields such as in packaging materials, pharmaceuticals, chemical filtration, microelectronics, and medical devices. Although numerous physical and chemical methods have been proposed to generate the diffusion barrier layer, the complexity of fabrication techniques and the high manufacturing costs limit their practical utility. Here, we propose an innovative approach to fabricate the diffusion barrier layer by irradiating poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with a mid-infrared (λ = 10.6 μm) CO2 laser. This process directly creates a diffusion barrier layer on the PDMS surface by forming a heavily cross-linked network in the polymer matrix. The optimal irradiation conditions were investigated by modulating the defocusing distance, laser power, and number of scanning passes. The barrier thickness can reach up to 70 μm as observed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The attenuated total reflectance (ATR), electron dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses collectively confirmed the formation of the SiOx structure on the modified surface based on the decreased methyl group signal and the increased oxygen/silicon ratio. The diffusion test with the model drugs (rhodamine B and donepezil) demonstrated that the modified surface exhibits effective diffusion barrier properties and the rate of drug diffusion through the modified barrier layer can be controlled by the optimization of the irradiation parameters. This novel approach provides the possibility to develop a controllable diffusion barrier layer in a biocompatible polymer with prospective applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, packing materials, and medical devices.

Coordinated control of path tracking and yaw stability for distributed drive electric vehicle based on AMPC and DYC

Maintaining both path-tracking accuracy and yaw stability of distributed drive electric vehicles (DDEVs) under various driving conditions presents a significant challenge in the field of vehicle control. To address this limitation, a coordinated control strategy that integrates adaptive model predictive control (AMPC) path-tracking control and direct yaw moment control (DYC) is proposed for DDEVs. The proposed strategy, inspired by a hierarchical framework, is coordinated by the upper layer of path-tracking control and the lower layer of direct yaw moment control. Based on the linear time-varying model predictive control (LTV MPC) algorithm, the effects of prediction horizon and weight coefficients on the path-tracking accuracy and yaw stability of the vehicle are compared and analyzed first. According to the aforementioned analysis, an AMPC path-tracking controller with variable prediction horizon and weight coefficients is designed considering the change of vehicle speed in the upper layer. The lower layer involves DYC based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) technique. Specifically, the intervention rule of DYC is determined by the threshold of the yaw rate error and the phase diagram of the sideslip angle. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the proposed coordinated control strategy under different driving conditions. The results show that, under variable speed and low adhesion conditions, the vehicle yaw stability and path-tracking accuracy have been improved by 21.58% and 14.43%, respectively, compared to AMPC. Similarly, under high speed and low adhesion conditions, the vehicle yaw stability and path-tracking accuracy have been improved by 44.30% and 14.25%, respectively, compared to the coordination of LTV MPC and DYC. The results indicate that the proposed adaptive path-tracking controller is effective across different speeds. Furthermore, the proposed coordinated control strategy successfully enhances the vehicle stability while maintaining good path-tracking accuracy even under extreme conditions.

Load balancing and topology dynamic adjustment strategy for power information system network: a deep reinforcement learning-based approach

As power information systems play an increasingly critical role in modern society, higher requirements are placed on the performance and reliability of their network infrastructure. In order to cope with the growing data traffic and network attack threats in the power information system, we select the power information system data center network as the research object and design an overall system solution based on software defined network, including the application layer, control layer and infrastructure layer. A typical fat tree network topology is simulated and analyzed. We define the load balancing and network topology dynamic adjustment problem as a Markov decision process, and design a data flow path acquisition method based on breadth-first search to construct the action space of each host. Then, a deep reinforcement learning algorithm based on deep Q-network, priority experience replay and target network is introduced to provide solutions for optimizing the performance of power information systems and responding to network attacks. Simulation results show that the proposed method is better than the traditional equal-cost multi-path algorithm in terms of average bandwidth utilization, average jitter and average packet loss, and can reduce the probability of network nodes being attacked by more than 11%.

Assessment of Cyber-Physical Inverter-Based Microgrid Control Performance under Communication Delay and Cyber-Attacks

The integration of communication infrastructures into traditional power systems, transforming them into cyber-physical power systems (CPPS), accentuates the significance of communication in influencing system performance and sustainability. This paper presents a versatile, innovative cyber-physical co-simulation framework that integrates the physical power system and communication networks, uniting OPAL-RT, a network simulator (ns3), and Docker containers into a sophisticated platform, facilitating intensive studies into CPPS dynamics. The proposed experimental study provides an innovative way to assess the frequency control response of a cyber-physical inverter-based microgrid (MG), addressing the MG sustainability challenges. We consider diverse real-world scenarios, focusing on communication delays and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks within the communication channels. We propose a precise ns3-based communication model that bridges the MG’s primary and secondary control layers, an aspect often overlooked in previous studies; this is a noteworthy contribution to elucidating the adverse impacts of communication latency on MG frequency performance. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the centralized secondary controller in eliminating the frequency deviations. Furthermore, the findings offer insights into stable and unstable regions, revealing how the communication delay value affects the frequency stability under different operating conditions. In addition, the developed real-time DDoS attacks model within the proposed communication surface unveils crucial insights into the MG’s resilience to cyber threats. This work’s revelations offer a foundational awareness of MG vulnerabilities, paving the way for designing robust and resilient communication networks and control strategies within the cyber-physical inverter-based microgrids.

LAMP: A latency-aware MAC protocol for joint scheduling of CAM and DENM traffic over 5G-NR sidelink

Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAMs) and Decentralized Environmental Notification Messages (DENMs) are two types of messages used in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication. CAMs are used to periodically exchange the current state of a vehicle with its nearby vehicles and the DENMs are used to aperiodically provide critical and time-sensitive information about current environmental conditions to other vehicles and infrastructure entities. While considerable research has been conducted on the efficient scheduling of CAM and DENM separately or at the network level coexistence, no work has been done to integrate the scheduling of both message types at the granularity of the per-vehicle level. The scheduling of CAM is commonly done through Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS). However, no equivalent scheduling algorithm has been developed for the aperiodic and variable-sized DENMs. As a result, there is a need for novel mechanisms that can efficiently prioritize and schedule mixed traffic of CAM and DENM messages. This paper introduces a Quality of Service (QoS) scheduler called LAMP for segregating traffic in the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer for joint sidelink scheduling of CAM and DENM at the vehicular level. The LAMP scheduler is aided with a special resource selection and reservation scheme for mixed traffic scenarios. The groundwork involves an experimental analysis in Network Simulator-3 (NS-3) that uses the New Radio (NR) Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) module in Mode-2. The simulation findings demonstrate that LAMP could significantly reduce the end-to-end latency of DENM by 89.36% and CAM by 40.2% while also increasing the packet reception rate by 12.1% and 9.74% for CAM and DENM with repetitions, respectively.

Safe Motion Planning and Control Framework for Automated Vehicles with Zonotopic TRMPC

Model mismatches can cause multi-dimensional uncertainties for the receding horizon control strategies of automated vehicles (AVs). The uncertainties may lead to potentially hazardous behaviors when the AV tracks ideal trajectories that are individually optimized by the AV's planning layer. To address this issue, this study proposes a safe motion planning and control (SMPAC) framework for AVs. For the control layer, a dynamic model including multi-dimensional uncertainties is established. A zonotopic tube-based robust model predictive control scheme is proposed to constrain the uncertain system in a bounded minimum robust positive invariant set. A flexible tube with varying cross-sections is constructed to reduce the controller conservatism. For the planning layer, a concept of safety sets, representing the geometric boundaries of the ego vehicle and obstacles under uncertainties, is proposed. The safety sets provide the basis for the subsequent evaluation and ranking of the generated trajectories. An efficient collision avoidance algorithm decides the desired trajectory through the intersection detection of the safety sets between the ego vehicle and obstacles. A numerical simulation and hardware-in-the-loop experiment validate the effectiveness and real-time performance of the SMPAC. The result of two driving scenarios indicates that the SMPAC can guarantee the safety of automated driving under multi-dimensional uncertainties.

DNA Quadruplex Structure with a Unique Cation Dependency.

DNA quadruplex structures provide an additional layer of regulatory control in genome maintenance and gene expression and are widely used in nanotechnology. We report the discovery of an unprecedented tetrastranded structure formed from a native G-rich DNA sequence originating from the telomeric region of Caenorhabditis elegans. The structure is defined by multiple properties that distinguish it from all other known DNA quadruplexes. Most notably, the formation of a stable so-called KNa-quadruplex (KNaQ) requires concurrent coordination of K+ and Na+ ions at two distinct binding sites. This structure provides novel insight into G-rich DNA folding under ionic conditions relevant to eukaryotic cell physiology and the structural evolution of telomeric DNA. It highlights the differences between the structural organization of human and nematode telomeric DNA, which should be considered when using C. elegans as a model in telomere biology, particularly in drug screening applications. Additionally, the absence/presence of KNaQ motifs in the host/parasite introduces an intriguing possibility of exploiting the KNaQ fold as a plausible antiparasitic drug target. The structure's unique shape and ion dependency and the possibility of controlling its folding by using low-molecular-weight ligands can be used for the design or discovery of novel recognition DNA elements and sensors.

DNA Quadruplex Structure with a Unique Cation Dependency

AbstractDNA quadruplex structures provide an additional layer of regulatory control in genome maintenance and gene expression and are widely used in nanotechnology. We report the discovery of an unprecedented tetrastranded structure formed from a native G‐rich DNA sequence originating from the telomeric region of Caenorhabditis elegans. The structure is defined by multiple properties that distinguish it from all other known DNA quadruplexes. Most notably, the formation of a stable so‐called KNa‐quadruplex (KNaQ) requires concurrent coordination of K+ and Na+ ions at two distinct binding sites. This structure provides novel insight into G‐rich DNA folding under ionic conditions relevant to eukaryotic cell physiology and the structural evolution of telomeric DNA. It highlights the differences between the structural organization of human and nematode telomeric DNA, which should be considered when using C. elegans as a model in telomere biology, particularly in drug screening applications. Additionally, the absence/presence of KNaQ motifs in the host/parasite introduces an intriguing possibility of exploiting the KNaQ fold as a plausible antiparasitic drug target. The structure's unique shape and ion dependency and the possibility of controlling its folding by using low‐molecular‐weight ligands can be used for the design or discovery of novel recognition DNA elements and sensors.