Industrial Environmental Control Research Articles

Industrial environmental control of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in organic fuel combustion product

RELEVANCE of this study lies in the computational justification of the choice of the installation location of a multipoint sampling probe in the measuring section of the flue of boiler plants of energy enterprises and thermal power plants that have a significant negative impact of emissions on the environment, in order to increase the reliability and representativeness ofinstrumental measurements during industrial environmental control (PEC) of polluting emissions (PE). PURPOSE. Improving the environmental safety of thermal power plants in the current conditions of the introduction of state principles of technological regulation of emissions is associated with the establishment of technological emission indicators for each source of atmospheric pollution at energy enterprises with a significant negative impact on the environment. In this regard, energy enterprises should carry out round-the-clock monitoring of PE, which requires reliable instrumental control of the content of marker substances in the combustion products of power boilers by determining a representative sampling point on the flue or chimney of an energy boiler installation. METHODS. The paper uses methods of computer simulation of gas dynamics to determine the local fields of concentration of PE and flow velocity and assess their unevenness in the flue of an energy boiler. RESULTS. Using the example of an operating energy boiler plant of a thermal power plant, a control section of the flue was determined to ensure industrial environmental control of marker substances in the combustion products of organic fuels. The average values of the concentration of PE and the flow rate of combustion products of local fields in the calculated sections and their values on the longitudinal axis of the boiler flue are determined, and their uneven distribution is estimated. CONCLUSION. The obtained research results can be used at energy enterprises and thermal power plants to justify the choice of a control representative measuring section for conducting a PEC, and to develop an environmental efficiency improvement program (EEIP).

Assessment of the industrial emissions impact on the quality of atmospheric air in the Burlin district of West Kazakhstan region DEVELOPMENT

The article is devoted to the study of air pollution in the Burlin district of the West Kazakhstan region, where one of the main sources of air pollution is the Karachagan oil and gas condensate field, the main feature of which is the high content of hydrogen sulfide in natural gas from 4 to 4.3%. The analysis showed that the atmospheric air state in the specified area is determined by the characteristics of harmful emissions sources, composition, volumes of pollutant emissions and climatic characteristics of the territory, which determine the conditions for the polluting components dispersion. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the chemical composition of the atmospheric air in the study area, as well as the features of their changes over the years end climatic seasons, are largely determined by emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic compounds and inorganic dust into the atmosphere by oil and gas facilities. The anthropogenic influence of industry in this area is also evidenced by the calculated value of the integral coefficient of air pollution. At the same time, industrial enterprises, having increased the anthropogenic impact on the environment, have the ability to prevent negative environmental consequences. The system of industrial environmental control of the chemical composition of industrial emissions at the Karachagnak field facilities is carried out on an ongoing basis. The analysis showed that a reduction in emissions and, accordingly, a reduction in ground-level concentrations of air pollutants at the Karachagnak field facilities is ensured by a whole range of technological and organizational measures, among which the technology of high-pressure gas reinjection deserves special attention. It necessitates the need to carry out systematic work to study the ecological state of the territory of the Karachagnak field, using not only ground-based research methods, but also modern geoinformation and aerospace technologies that make it possible to dynamically assess the changes taking place, conduct a geo-ecological assessment and make a forecast for the development of the environmental situation in this area. territories. The work carried out contributes to further analysis of the regional assessment of the environmental state of the atmosphere of large industrial centers.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ В ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОМ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ КОНТРОЛЕ НА НОРМАТИВНУЮ БАЗУ ЭКОЛОГО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ РАСЧЕТОВ

The paper provides an overview of the current state of industrial environmental control of emissions and discharges of polluting substances of enterprises that have a negative impact on the environment. Conclusions are drawn about the shortcomings of the existing environmental control system. Changes in environmental legislation with regard to permits and automation of control over emissions and discharges of pollutants by nature users are considered. Enterprises need to receive new environmental documentation within the deadlines set by the Government, in place of previously disparate environmental documentation, as well as equip the places of discharges and emissions of objects that have a negative impact with automatic control systems. The requirements for automatic control systems of discharges and emissions are given, the objects that need to be equipped with control systems, controlled indicators of pollutants are indicated. It is noted that methane, whose emissions account for most of the emissions of pollutants from coal mines, was not included in the list of pollutants controlled by the system. The analysis of the implementation of production environmental control at the current moment and in the future is made. The relevance of the work is confirmed by scientific research in the field of environmental control. The article discusses the main aspects of changes in the provision of information on the indicators of discharges and emissions of pollutants to regulatory authorities. The comparison of the process of data transfer with the existing control of indicators and with the introduction of automatic environmental control systems according to the legislation of Russia is made. The current calculation of the fee for the negative impact on the environment is carried out, the inconsistency of the modern calculation of the fee for the negative impact on the environment is shown. Conclusions are drawn about the need to make changes to the current methodology for calculating fees.

Development of measurement procedures of amine-bearing flotation agents for industrial environmental control and in-process management

Development of measurement procedures of amine-bearing flotation agents for industrial environmental control and in-process management

Research Progress on the Impact of Acoustic Waves on the Agglomeration of Oily Fine Particles in Industrial Oil Mist Environment

Currently, undetectable damage to workers and factory products is caused by the large number of oily fine particles present in the industrial environment. Previous studies have shown that different intensities of sound waves can promote the coalescence of fine particles, and the combination of water vapor condensation can further enhance the effect of acoustic coalescence. However, the research on acoustic coalescence is not extensive enough at present, especially research on the mechanism of the coalescence and growth of oily fine particles under acoustic and water vapor complex fields, which is even less studied. This paper focused on summarizing domestic and foreign research results on the interaction mechanism of acoustic convergence on particles and the agglomeration and growth of particles under the action of acoustic convergence and combined water vapor condensation, so as to explore the technical path of using acoustic convergence and combined water vapor condensation to regulate the size of oily fine particles and improve the purification efficiency in industrial situations. This research has significant scientific significance and application value for industrial environmental control, pollutant emission control, and healthy environment construction.

Toxicity of carcinogenic pahs in boiler flue gases thermal capacity up to 1 Mw

THE PURPOSE. In accordance with the new requirements of domestic environmental legislation, technological principles of state regulation of the negative impact of energy enterprises on the environment have been introduced. The established principles of environmental protection activities provide for technological regulation of emissions based on the introduction of the best available technologies, as well as differentiation of state regulatory measures to ensure the environmental safety of thermal power facilities. Within the framework of the current environmental legislation, it is shown that it is necessary to determine emission standards for highly toxic substances that have carcinogenic properties. The main representatives of carcinogenic PAHs found in the flue gases of boilers of low power up to 1 MW are considered.METHODS. The research methods included the generalization of experimental data and thecalculated assessment of the content of carcinogenic emissions, including benz(a)pyrene in the flue gases of boilers using statistical data processing methods.RESULTS. The necessity of taking into account the contribution of the harmfulness of carcinogenic PAHs in the system of industrial environmental control at thermal power facilities during the operation of low-power boilers is determined.CONCLUSION. The results of the study can be used at energy enterprises to implement the requirements of the new environmental legislation in terms of technological regulation of carcinogenic emissions, including for the development of measures to improve environmental performance indicators.

Environmental Assessment of Emissions of Pollutants into the Atmospheric Air by Sugar Beet Factories

The results of environmental assessment of emissions of pollutants (pollutants), greenhouse gas CO2 and odor emissions from sugar factories into the air are presented. The discrepancy in the interpretation of industrial environmental control on the basis of the concept of the best available technologies (BAT) for the technological line of sugar production and the requirements of environmental legislation for a sugar plant as an anthropogenic object of monitoring is shown. To achieve the effect of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, twostage saturation of defecation juice was studied using jet technology. Various options of hardware design for the practical implementation of the injection process of saturation have been proposed.

Static Calibration for Line-Scan Cameras Based on a Novel Calibration Target

Automated quality control in industrial environments requires sensors to obtain information about the manufactured products. Visual sensors are crucial for this task. In industrial environments, line-scan cameras are commonly used for their ability to acquire images from fast moving objects at high resolution. However, the information in the images must be translated from image coordinates to scene coordinates. This work proposes a calibration procedure for line-scan cameras particularly designed for industrial environments. The proposed approach is based on a novel calibration target that can be used in multi-camera architectures, a common scenario found in many product inspection pipelines. Industrial environments are very challenging for visual sensors, as they are affected by harsh conditions. The calibration procedure integrates an outlier rejection method to deal with these issues. In addition, the calibration target includes a large number of feature points. Consequently, the removal of some of these features does not affect the performance of the calibration. Additional signal processing methods are proposed to extract features from the images. The calibration procedure uses data acquired from multiple observations by optimizing the reprojection error, resulting in an accurate and robust method, suitable for in industrial environments. The design of the calibration target, the increased number of features, the outlier rejection method and other contributions of this work result in an accurate estimation of the camera parameters. The proposed method is validated using synthetic and real data acquired with a commercial line-scan camera.

Control of measurements along the Z axis in optical measuring instruments

Quality control in industrial environments is associated with the verification of compliance with design specifications, among which we find dimensional verification. Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) have been traditionally used, which allow traceable 3D measurements of the parts. However, at the micro- and nano-scale, these types of tools cannot always be applied. Parts of these dimensions made with processes such as Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) may suffer damage and not meet specifications. Among the most widely used quality control tools in industry and research centers to perform measurements in these scales are optical measuring instruments. Some of these instruments add the Z-coordinate to the bidimensional measurements of a traditional microscope, allowing 3D measurements of the samples to be obtained and used as a small-scale CMM. In this article we present a calibration procedure to provide traceability to the measurements made on the Z axis of a confocal microscope.

The development of an industrial environmental control and monitoring system for large-scale industrial waste advanced recycling facility “Maradykovsky”

The development of an industrial environmental control and monitoring system for large-scale industrial waste advanced recycling facility “Maradykovsky”

ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОГО МОНИТОРИНГА ЖИЗНЕННОГО ЦИКЛА ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СОПОЛИМЕРА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ LCA

The article is devoted to the actual problem of organizing industrial environmental monitoring of the life cycle of production using information technology. In order to provide Russian enterprises with methodological recommendations for organizing a system of production control and monitoring in order to comply with legislation on maximum environmental standards and waste turnover, it is necessary to study and develop possible options for accumulating data and converting them automatically. The purpose of the article is to develop solutions for organizing a system for monitoring the impact of the stages of the life cycle of petrochemical production on the external environment using tools for continuous information support. To design information modules for assessing the impact of production processes on the ecosystem, sequential procedures of the LCA method were used. To optimize the parameters of environmental friendliness of the production of styrene-butadiene copolymer, the article solves the problem of linear programming; the database for solving the linear programming problem is based on materials from information and technical reference books on the best available technologies, reference books on standards for maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants. The use of the method of information support of the life cycle of LCA products for the organization of automated industrial environmental control and monitoring is scientifically substantiated. A model of the production chain is formed and a block diagram is presented for assessing the impact of the life cycle of chemical production on the ecosystem using the LCA method in the absence of a standardized technology for the accumulation and exchange of environmental data, various levels of automation and digitalization of production processes in petrochemical industries. The flows at the boundary of the chemical-technological system for the production of styrene-butadiene copolymer are investigated and a possible variant of their mathematical optimization is proposed. By solving the linear programming problem, the optimal values of resource consumption for the production of butadiene-styrene copolymer were obtained, at which the minimum indicators of pollutant emissions into the ecosystem are possible: butadiene - 725 kg/t; styrene – 313 kg/t; electricity – 830 kWh/t; water steam - 9.0 Gcal / t. Examples of chemical-technological systems have been identified, where the use of butadiene and styrene relative to the obtained optimal parameter leads to overexpenditure of resources. The research materials can be used in the development of programs and the choice of tools for automated industrial environmental control and monitoring in chemical-technological systems.

The Use of New Technologies in Counteracting Violations of Environmental Legislation

The authors describe the experience of using information and other new technologies in the daily work of state law enforcement, nature protection agencies and other bodies involved in nature protection activities, including automated information systems, technical means of recording information, computer geoinformation systems that make it possible to monitor the condition of nature and nature-anthropogenic objects as part of control-supervision and other activities; they also make it possible to reveal, record and assess the consequences of violations of environmental legislation. The paper presents information on how procuratorial authorities, internal affair’s bodies and customs authorities use information technologies to solve the problems of identifying timber materials as they are transported on the territory of Russia and taken abroad, of controlling the legal origin of timber materials in customs reporting procedures and, in general, how these technologies are used to reduce the latency level of environmental offences. The authors claim that, in order to improve the nature protection law enforcement activities, it is necessary to use information technologies to organize a single accounting and analysis system for administrative offences in the environmental sphere, while taking into account the multi-subject nature of the bodies of administrative jurisdiction in this sphere and the existing difficulties in differentiating between environmental administrative offences and crimes. The authors discuss examples of using biotechnological and bioinformation methods to reveal the violations of environmental legislation and to repair the damage inflicted on the environment. They draw attention to the legislative embodiment of the duty, since 2019, for subjects of industrial environmental control to use new technologies in the form of distance monitoring over objects having a considerable negative impact on the environment. The authors also note a positive influence that the use of new technologies in Russia has on the activation of public environmental control thanks to, among other things, a federal information system of public control in the sphere of environmental protection. They suggest that there is a considerable anti-criminogenic potential in creating, at the regional level, internet-based information resources of environmental character to promote the cooperation between subjects of nature protection activities and improve the level of environmental culture of the Russian people.

Methods and approaches to the determination of the carbon-containing dust concentrations in the atmospheric air during coal mining and processing

An overview of russian and foreign methods and approaches to control carbon-containing dust in the atmospheric air in the influence zone of coal mining and processing enterprises is presented in this paper. The main composition of suspended substances (coal dust), entering in the atmosphere in the processes of coal mining and processing, consists of an inorganic part, represented by the main rock-forming oxides, toxic elements, mineral particles PM2,5 and PM10, also organic substances, which include soot(carbon), organic matter of coal, benz(a)pyrene and other PAHs. The capabilities of modern physical and chemical analysis methods, which significantly increase the accuracy, reliability and information content of monitoring the state of atmospheric air, are still poorly used in industrial environmental control. Information about the composition and properties of coal dust obtained from research of Kuzbass coals, its mining and processing waste should be used in the development of industrial environmental monitoring programs by industry enterprises.

Legal Support of Industrial Environmental Control from Investment Project to Operation

In recent years, the anthropogenic load on the environment has increased significantly; anomalies in the surface temperatures of the globe are noted. One of the reasons for this phenomenon is the presence of pollutants entering the environment from production facilities. One of the functions of public administration in the field of environmental protection is to empower economic entities to carry out industrial environmental control over their activities, that is, to exercise self-control. Industrial environmental control is mainly regulated by environmental and sanitary-epidemiological legislation. Since in recent years there has been an active implementation of large investment projects, it became necessary to analyze the implementation of industrial environmental control at all stages of the implementation of such projects, taking into account the latest changes in environmental legislation and requirements for industrial environmental control.

Denoising Autoencoders and LSTM-Based Artificial Neural Networks Data Processing for Its Application to Internal Model Control in Industrial Environments-The Wastewater Treatment Plant Control Case.

The evolution of industry towards the Industry 4.0 paradigm has become a reality where different data-driven methods are adopted to support industrial processes. One of them corresponds to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), which are able to model highly complex and non-linear processes. This motivates their adoption as part of new data-driven based control strategies. The ANN-based Internal Model Controller (ANN-based IMC) is an example which takes advantage of the ANNs characteristics by modelling the direct and inverse relationships of the process under control with them. This approach has been implemented in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP), where results show a significant improvement on control performance metrics with respect to (w.r.t.) the WWTP default control strategy. However, this structure is very sensible to non-desired effects in the measurements—when a real scenario showing noise-corrupted data is considered, the control performance drops. To solve this, a new ANN-based IMC approach is designed with a two-fold objective, improve the control performance and denoise the noise-corrupted measurements to reduce the performance degradation. Results show that the proposed structure improves the control metrics, (the Integrated Absolute Error (IAE) and the Integrated Squared Error (ISE)), around a 21.25% and a 54.64%, respectively.

Risk-based approach for industrial environmental control during the construction of the main gas pipeline

Based on the analysis of acts of industrial environmental control and the content of the Register of Environmental Violations of the General Contractor, the distribution of categories of documentary and natural violations by frequency of occurrence was revealed. Based on the analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation, the severity of potential environmental consequences, translated into point values, is determined. On the results of the established parameters, the final score is calculated. It is proposed to supplement the Company Register with this parameter.

Automated control systems for wastewater discharges in the pulp and paper industry

The algorithm and the experience of implementing automated systems for monitoring the quality of waste in the pulp and paper industry in the framework of a unified system of industrial environmental control are being considered. The required list of wastewater parameters subject to automated control is determined. The main technical and operational characteristics of automated wastewater quality control instruments included in the unified state register of measuring instruments are being considered. The problems of introduction of automated wastewater quality control systems in the Russian Federation are being considered.

The Ecological Status of Livestock and Poultry in the Border Regions of Russia and South-East Finland

Intensifi cation of agricultural production increases the burden on the environment. Modern management and planning of agricultural activity requires a comprehensive assessment of the environmental status of the industry. (Research purpose) To develop recommendations for improving the environmental safety of agricultural production based on the implementation of the best available technologies, methods for monitoring and controlling technological processes for the disposal of organic animal waste. (Materials and methods) The authors studied agricultural enterprises, their specialization and production capacities, technologies for manure and litter utilization. The studies included an assessment of enterprises according to the criteria approved in the recommendations of Helsinki Commission for the Baltic Sea. The authors used standard methods for processing statistical, fi eld and personal data. (Results and discussion) The authors conducted a state analysis of the agro-industrial complex of Leningrad Region in terms of the organic waste formation from animal husbandry and poultry farming, and evaluated the potential for their use. They studied 142 large complexes, which produce more than 90 percent of livestock and poultry products. The average livestock density in Leningrad Region is 2.2 conventional heads per hectare of cultivated agricultural land. They showed that there are 22,200 households in southern Finland, 79 percent of which are plant growing enterprises that are engaged in small-scale production. They took into account the specifi c features of the studied territories in terms of nutrient load and proposed a system of environmental impact regulation. (Conclusions) The authors developed 4 main recommendation sections to reduce the risks of biogenic environmental pollution: the development of an industrial environmental control system based on technological regulations; mastering the system of regional monitoring and coordination of work with organic fertilizers; adoption and implementation of a program of livestock enterprises technological and technical modernization in terms of the organic waste disposal; creation of demonstration platforms for environmental specialists advanced training in the implementation of modern technological solutions.

Development of industrial environmental control methods

The industrial environmental control includes monitoring of specific air contaminants typical of a particular industry. Determination of the pollutant levels at the border of the sanitary protection zone consists of the preliminary sampling and subsequent analysis in a specialized laboratory. The article discusses various methods of sampling for a group of volatile organic compounds (using sample bags) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (using a sorption tube and a filter to collect solid particles), depending on their physicochemical properties and the characteristics of distribution.

Производственный экологический контроль в области обращения с опасными отходами производства и потребления на хлебопекарных предприятиях

Производственный экологический контроль в области обращения с опасными отходами производства и потребления на хлебопекарных предприятиях