Control In Dose-dependent Manner Research Articles

Hydro-ethanolic extract of Gloriosa superba protecting acute splenic injury by modulating endogenous antioxidants pool in rats

Present investigation was designed to evaluate hydro-ethanolic extract of roots of Gloriosa superba against combined exposure to alcohol and LPS induced splenic injury in rats. Thirty female albino rats were divided into five groups having six animals in each. Splenic injury was induced by combined exposure to alcohol and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg dose of extract of Gloriosa superba was evaluated for its efficacy. Combined exposure to alcohol and LPS significantly decreased total proteins but significantly increased triglycerides, cholesterol and lipid peroxidation process in spleen tissues, indicating metabolic perturbance and peroxidative cellular damage. Co-exposure to alcohol and LPS significantly decreased activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidise, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as diminished reduced glutathione level in splenic tissue samples indicating exhaustion of endogenous antioxidant pool and development of oxidative stress. Conjoint administration of extract of Gloriosa superba at all the three doses offered significant protection in studied endpoints and maintained their values towards their respective control in dose dependent manner. It may be concluded that hydro-ethanolic extract of Gloriosa superba has potential to protect splenic injury by modulating endogenous antioxidants pool due to antioxidant phytochemicals present in extract.

Gallic Acid Protects from Acute Multiorgan Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine.

Secondary metabolites of plants, the polyphenols, play a vital role in protection from many health problems in human beings. Structurally favored phytochemicals may be studied to protect multiorgan injury. At pharmacological doses, gallic acid is nontoxic to mammals and is generally absorbed in the intestine. In this present study, gallic acid was evaluated for its protective efficacy against Lipo Polysaccharide (LPS) and d-Galactosamine (D-GalN) induced multiorgan injury, i.e., liver, kidney and brain. Three different doses of gallic acid (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg p.o.) were administered to the experimental animals for 6 consecutive days, followed by exposure to LPS (50 μg/kg I.P.) and D-GalN (300 mg/kg I.P.) on the 6th day. Exposure to LPS and D-GalN resulted in increased oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines. Altered hematology and serology due to LPS and D-GalN were restored towards control by gallic acid. Declined antioxidants such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase due to injurious effects of LPS and D-GalN were rejuvenated by gallic acid. Exposure to LPS and D-GalN severely increased lipid peroxidation, CYP2E1 activity and tissue lipids while lowered protein content. Gallic acid restored all these parameters towards control in dose dependent manner and 20 mg/kg dose provided the best protection. Histological study showed improved histoarchitecture of liver, kidney and brain that supported biochemical endpoints. Gallic acid minimized oxidative stress and provided best protection at 20 mg/kg dose against LPS and D-GalN induced multi organ acute injury.

Role of thioredoxin‐binding protein 2 in cardiac oxidative stress and energy metabolism of rats supplemented with vitamin D (1041.14)

Vitamin D (VD) is important for cardiac development and functioning but, recent studies have shown that VD receptor is undetectable in cardiac muscle. On the other hand, in the heart is present a thioredoxin‐binding protein (TBP‐2) which is up regulated by VD. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether supplementation with different doses of VD results in changes in TBP‐2 protein expression, cardiac oxidative stress and energy metabolism. Methods: 48 male rats allocated into 4 groups: control (C, n=12) received standard chow; VD3 (n=12), VD5 (n=12) and VD10 (n=12) received 3000, 5000 and 10000 IU of cholecalciferol/kg chow for 2 months. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA or Kruskal‐Wallis test and Test for Linear Trend. Results: The TBP‐2 protein expression was higher in VD10 group compared to control and VD3 in a dose‐dependent manner (p<0.001). In relation to the oxidative stress, the thioredoxin (Trx) protein expression decreased in dose‐dependent manner (p=0.019) and lipid hydroperoxide (LH) was higher in VD10 compared to other groups. The increase in LH was dose dependent (p<0.001). In relation to cardiac energy metabolism, the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1 α (PGC‐1α) protein expression was lower in VD10 compared to control in dose‐dependent manner (p=0.002). Activity of the enzymes: 3‐hydroxyacyl coenzyme‐A dehydrogenase and citrate synthase was lower and lactate dehydrogenase was higher in VD10 compared to other groups. Conclusion: The increased expression of TBP‐2 in rats with VD supplementation may be associated with increased oxidative stress and changed cardiac energy metabolism in these animals.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)