A composite learning prescribed performance control (CLPPC) approach is presented for strict-feedback nonlinear systems with mismatched parametric uncertainties. A finite-time performance function based on polynomial is introduced to predefined a restriction region with respect to the tracking error. By introducing an error transformation function, the tracking error restriction problem of the original system is transformed into the stability problem of an equivalent transformation system. To guarantee the convergence of unknown parameters, online recording data and instantaneous are used to generate a prediction error, which is used together with filtered tracking errors to update parameter estimations under an interval excitation condition. All signals are proven to be ultimately uniformly stable under the proposed CLPPC strategy. Furthermore, the tracking error is limited within the predefined region after the predefined time. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.